ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

RADIO------------------------------------------------GAMMALIGHT

PIGMENTS ABSORB AND REFLECT DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS OF LIGHT

CHLOROPHYLL IS A PIGMENTTHERE ARE 3 FORMS: a, b, c

CHLOROPHYLL a CAPTURES AND USES

RED AND VIOLET LIGHT THE BEST

ACCESSORY PIGMENTS capture other wavelengths of light and pass this energy on into the electron transport system of

photosynthesis

Blue light can travel deeper into and around water molecules than

other wavelengths.

• Most contain the pigment chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis

• If they have flagella, they are called flagellates (phytoflagellates)

• Algae-like protists:– Euglenophyta– Chrysophyta– Bacillariophyta– Pyrrophyta

• Resemble Zoomastigina

• Euglena– 2 flagella out of pouch (gullet)– Euglenoid fashion of movement – distinctly

animal-like– Red eyespot – finds sunlight- autotroph– Finds food in dark- heterotroph/saprophyte– No cell wall (plants have cell walls; animals don’t

• Pellicle – Cell membrane and associated structures– Ribbon-like ridges spiral around surface

under ridges are sacs and a set of microtubules

Reproduction Binary fission

flagellum

stigma

nucleus

chloroplast

pellicleContractile vacuole

nucleolus

reservoir

flagellum

nucleusnucleolus

Contractile vacuole

chloroplast

photoreceptor

Stored starch

•-CHRYSO means golden•Yellow-green algae, golden brown

algae•Have gold-green chloroplasts•Have PECTIN not CELLULOSE in cell

wall•A few have both•Store food as OIL not STARCH

• REPRODUCE SEXUALLY + ASEXUALLY

• CAN FORM THREAD-LIKE COLONIES but MOST ARE SOLITARY

BACILLARIOPHYTA

DIATOMSRICH IN SILICONPHOTOSYNTHETIC

• DINOFLAGELLATES• MOST

PHOTOSYNTHETIC• MOST 2 FLAGELLA

– ONE LIKE A BELT– ONE LIKE A TAIL

They are Luminescent!

•ARMORED APPEARANCE•REPRODUCE BY BINARY FISSION

REVIEW point:Photosynthesis makes sugarSugars bound together in long chains (polymers) are forms of starch

Starch can have many forms since the chains can be of different sizes 2 starches:

CellulosePectin

Deplete water of nutrients causing

Decay of all the waste depletes water of oxygen needed by fish

ABSORB BLUE LIGHT(the only color of light available at

deeper depths of water)Red algae can be

Pink

Red

Purple

Black

2 flagella

eyespot

chloroplast

Pyrenoid – structure that synthesizes and stores starch

CELL WALL DOES NOT CONTAIN CELLULOSE

The really interesting part comes as Spirogyra reproduces sexually. When two filaments are close together, the process starts. Cell outgrowths form connections between the filaments and a sort of ladder is formed. The contents of the cells in one filament will go through the connection tubes to the cells in the other filament. A zygospore is formed with a thick cell wall, round or oval and with a brownish colour. This conjugation process takes place especially between half May and half June.

DIFFICULT TO CLASSIFY

Begin life cycle as individual cells (look like amoebas)

• Move together several centimeters

• Form reproductive structure–Fruiting body

–Spores made by mitosis

–New cells come from spores

ACELLULAR SLIME MOLDSACELLULAR SLIME MOLDS

• SINGLE CELL WITH THOUSANDS OF NUCLEI

• FRUITING BODIES SPRING UP FROM IT– PRODUCE HAPLOID SPORES (MEIOSIS)

• SPORES GERMINATE INTO FLAGELLATED CELLS

• CELLS FUSE TO PRODUCE 2N AMEBOID CELLS

Oomycota – oomyceteswater molds

POTATO FAMINE• http://

botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/m2001alt.html

PHYTOPHTORA