Electronic Crime & Abuse

Presented by

Kingsley OgbonnaYe Tian

Mofolake Akinwonmi

Outline

•Internet Fraud•Identity Theft•Computer Intrusion (i.e. Hacking)•Internet Security•Child Exploitation•Digital Media Piracy

IntroductionWith the introduction of the internet, new technologically advanced crimes have evolved from old crimes.

A closer look Crimes include Fraud, Child pornography, Phishing, Spam, Cyber stalking, Denial of service and Hacking.

• Internet popularityAn opportunity for criminals to turn technology into a tool of crime and abuse.

•Internet anonymityDifficult and sometimes almost impossible to detect criminals.

Internet Fraud What does it mean?

Fraud scheme that utilizes the various internet

facilities to present and commit fraudulent activities.

What are the major types?

Business-opportunity/work-at home schemes, Auction & Retail schemes online, Identity theft, Investment schemes, Credit card schemes, Advance fee fraud.

Identity theft

• A current growing crime, causing individuals and governments a fortune.

• Annual cost to victims in the US is about $5 million.

Costs the UK economy £1.3billion in 2002 (cabinet office figures

2003)

How identities are stolen

• Your identity can be obtained through Bin raiding, phishing, Shoulder-surfing,

Skimming cards, Spoof letters, lottery frauds etc.

• How is it used? Check fraud, credit card fraud, mortgage

fraud, and other financial crimes. To enable terrorism, illegal immigration,

obtain medical help and evade criminal prosecution.

Tips on prevention

Can you protect yourself?Yes,

Don’t easily give away your data Destroy documents bearing your

personal Information Keep your important documents in a safe place. Treat your credit cards as if they are cash

Computer Intrusion (i.e. Hacking)

Three Types of offence • Hacking -- breaking into computer

systems without authorization• Cracking -- breaking or removing

copy-protection on software• Phreaking -- exploring

communications (e.g. telephone) networks to gain free access, calls or information

Hacking: types of attack

• Viruses - most common form of attack

• Denial of Service attacks (DoS & DDoS)

• Trojans (or Trojan horses)• Brute-Force and `Social

Engineering' Password attacks• Port scanning and spoofing• Phishing

Loss caused by Hacking

Interest Harmed:• Confidentiality• Integrity• Availability• Financial loss

Computer crime cases

Target:• Private• Public• Threats to public

health or safety

Internet Security

Three areas of Internet security:• Physical Security• Data Security• Server & Software Security

Three aspects of data protection:• Privacy• Integrity• Authenticity

Legislation

Objective:• Protecting personal data • Promoting better access to public

data Acts:• Computer Misuse Act 1990 • Data Protection Act 1998• Freedom of Information Act 2000

To be hacked or not to be,

It’s a question!

Acknowledgement

My brave Laptop…

Child Exploitation On the Internet

• How much access

should children have on the Internet?

Child Exploitation:

This can be described as the sexual exploitation of children through possession, distribution of child pornographic materials, and child trafficking.

Paedophile: A child sexual abuser.

Definitions

‘Child’ A young person below the age of

18 years. A person between birth and puberty who has not attained maturity.

Child Exploitation Online

• The Internet has been of tremendous benefit for the child in learning and development.

• Internet has become a medium for child maltreatment, sexual and emotional abuse,

exposure to offensive material.

Paedophiles use a technique known as ‘online grooming’ to lure children into child pornography.

Online Paedophile Presence - Prominence on the Web

In the U.K,

The W0nderland Club

Membership was granted when an individual could provide 10,000 pictures of children being sexually abused that would then be circulated to members worldwide.

In the U.S,

The North American Men/Boy Love Association (NAMBLA)

Their goal:

“To end the extreme oppression of men and boys in mutually consensual relationships” by “building understanding and support for such

relationships” and “educating the general public on the benevolent nature of man/boy love” (NAMBLA, 2001).

Child Predators Use the Internet……

1. Provides easy access to victims i.e. children.

2.Internet provides anonymity in

identity.

3.Easy access to private details .

e.g. phone no

4. Internet chat rooms provides avenue for grooming activity.

5. Children divulge sensitive information easily through chat rooms.

6. Easy duplication and distribution of

inappropriate / pornographic materials.

Preventive Measures for Child Safety Online1. Keep user names &

profiles generic and anonymous.

2. Avoid posting personal photos online.

3. Keep private

information private.

4. Keep computer in open area.

5. Remind children that unknown online ‘friends’ are strangers.

6. Be a part of your child’s online experience.

7. Be aware of phone calls, chat messages , mails sent by your child.

Child Safety Online – Everyone’s Responsibility

Govt Provide virtual police services that empower children

to report crime, restricting child access to unprotected sites.

Parents Monitor, supervise child surfing activity on the

internet.Online Communities Outreaches to empower students, teachers , parents ,

and adults to safeguard the child’s online experience. Development of ‘watch dog’ organisations for online safety, software to safeguard children online.

Digital Media Piracy

Piracy is an illegal theft or reproduction of creative works by owners of intellectual property. For distributors and retailers, the people who sell or rent out legitimate CDs, DVDs, the increased availability of pirate copies isa major threat to their businesses.

Pirate profiteering doesn't just affect big businesses but everyone whose livelihood relies on sales of legitimate product - from technicians to retail staff; script writers to independent shopkeepers.

Producers, songwriters, artists, distributors, and retailers make

huge losses annually due to piracy.

Latest figures by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) gives a total loss estimate of $ 4.2 billion worldwide each year in the recording industry. "Copyright" is a term of intellectual property law that

prohibits the unauthorized duplication, adaptation or distribution of a creative work.

Drawbacks on Music/Movie Producers Battle Against Piracy

Consumer resistance to stop illegal download of digital media.

Proliferation of File Sharing and P2P Networks For Music. Issues on consumer rights to distribution of digital media purchased.

Copyright Laws & Penalties for Infringement

ACTS

1.Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998

2. The U.S. No Electronic Theft Law (NET Act) – 1997

3. U.S. Copyright Law

PENALTIESUnder Criminal CasesSound recording infringements is Punishable by up to:

5yrs in prison + $250,000 in fine10yrs in prison (repeat

offenders)

Online infringement is punishable up to:

3yrs in prison + $250,000 in fine6yrs in prison (repeat offenders)

Under Civil CasesIndividuals can be held liable for damages or lost profits up to:$150,000 per work infringed.

Conclusion The growing trend and sophistication of internet and

identity theft frauds, suggests that increased technology and social awareness should also be enhanced if they are to be controlled.

Hacking will always exits, but with proper preventive controls, legislation, and technology, the risk can be mitigated.

A child should be given restricted access to the internet, ideally on a ‘need to know’ basis, and must be empowered to guarantee a safe online experience.

The Battle against Piracy will continue to be a Rat

Race if the motivation behind the fight against piracy is based on personal gains or financial rewards.

ANY QUESTIONS?

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