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Electronic monitoring system
The system is composed of three parts the smart sensor unit the main processing unit and the network communication unit It can gather real-time biosignals analyze display and store these data be accessed by remote doctor to diagnose on line and upload data stored
AdvantageLess frequent manual monitoring for the
nurse of vsLess time consumingLess mobility of the nurseCan detect error right awayCan obtain the latest information
immediatelyUser friendly
DisadvantageEconomical costLess contact with the patientIncrease cost in manpower maintenance and
operation of the system
Pulse-oximetry
is a noninvasive sensor which provides a continuous estimation of arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation as well as the pulse rate These important measurements inform about the blood oxygenation and can be updated with each heartbeat
The pulse oximeter consists of a transductor
which employs two Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) and a fotodetector diode One of the LEDs emits red light (with a wavelength of 1048655 = 660 nm) while the other generates infrared light (1048655 = 940 nm) The sensor is based on the fact that the colour of blood varies depending on the oxygen it contains In particular the hemoglobin molecules reflect more red light when they are oxygenated than when reduced while its behaviour is the opposite when the light is infra-red The oximeter shines two beams of light through a finger (or earlobe etc) which are finally received in the photodetector By comparing the light intensity that is received (not reflected by the finger) for each wavelength the oximeter is able to derive the light that is being absorbed by the blood and consequently the oxygen saturation Moreover the heart rate can be estimated from the slight change in the colour provoked by a beat of the heart pushing arterial blood into the finger
Electronic medical recordElectronic medical record
An electronic medical record is usually a computerized legal medical record created in an organization that delivers care such as a hospital and doctors surgery Electronic medical records tend to be a part of a local stand-alone health information system that allows storage retrieval and manipulation of records
Using an EMR to read and write a patients record is not only possible through a workstation but depending on the type of system and health care settings may also be possible through mobile devices that are handwriting capable Electronic Medical Records may include access to Personal Health Records (PHR) which makes individual notes from a EMR readily visible and accessible for consumers
Advantages Rich text enabled content ICD10 Diagnostics and Smart
Medications Treatments and Billing Information Images and Videos
Medical FeaturesIntuitive User InterfacesPatient ManagementMedical Schedules and Medical CalendarsElectronic Medical Records - EMRMedical Billing SoftwareIntegrated Financial and Inventory SystemPatient FileMedical RegistryMedical Forms with QuestionnairesCustomize Export and Print Medical ReportsMedia Devices
Teamwork FeaturesShare with your Team within a
networkUnlimited DatabasesProtect and Secure your DataCross-Database Synchronization
Medical monitor
A medical monitor or physiological monitor or display is an electronic medical device that measures a patients vital signs and displays the data so obtained which may or may not be transmitted on a monitoring network Physiological data are displayed continuously on aCRT or LCD screen as data channels along the time axis They may be accompanied by numerical readouts of computed parameters on the original data such as maximum minimum and average values pulse and respiratory frequencies and so on
MonitorDefibrillators
These monitordefibrillators usually have the normal capabilities of an ICU monitor but have manual (and usually semi-automatic AED)defibrillation capability This is particular good for EMS services who need a compact easy to use monitor and defibrillator as well as for inter- or intrafacility patient transport
Monitors may be classified asHandheldPortableMonitorDefibrillator (usually portable)TabletopNetworkable non-networkableWired wireless data transmissionMains powered or mains + battery powered
Infusion pump
An infusion pump infuses fluids medication or nutrients into a patients circulatory system It is generally used intravenously althoughsubcutaneous arterial and epidural infusions are occasionally used
Infusion pumps can administer fluids in ways that would be impractically expensive or unreliable if performed manually by nursing staff For example they can administer as little as 01 mL per hour injections (too small for a drip) injections every minute injections with repeated boluses requested by the patient up to maximum number per hour (eg in patient-controlled analgesia) or fluids whose volumes vary by the time of day
Because they can also produce quite high but controlled pressures they can inject controlled amounts of fluids subcutaneously (beneath the skin) or epidurally (just within the surface of the central nervous system- a very popular local spinal anesthesia for childbirth)
Safety features available on some pumpsThe range of safety features varies widely with the age and make of the pump A state of the art pump in 2003 may have the following safety features Certified to have no single point of failure That is no single cause of
failure should cause the pump to silently fail to operate correctly It should at least stop pumping and make at least an audible error indication This is a minimum requirement on all human-rated infusion pumps of whatever age It is not required for veterinary infusion pumps
Batteries so the pump can operate if the power fails or is unplugged Anti-free-flow devices prevent blood from draining from the patient or
infusate from freely entering the patient when the infusion pump is being set-up
A down pressure sensor will detect when the patients vein is blocked or the line to the patient is kinked This may be configurable for high (subcutaneous and epidural) or low (venous) applications
An air-in-line detector A typical detector will use an ultrasonic transmitter and receiver to detect when air is being pumped Some pumps actually measure the volume and may even have configurable volumes from 01 to 2 ml of air None of these amounts can cause harm but sometimes the air can interfere with the infusion of a low-dose medicine
An up pressure sensor can detect when the bag or syringe is empty or even if the bag or syringe is being squeezed
A drug library with customizable programmable limits for individual drugs that that helps to avoid medication errors
Mechanisms to avoid uncontrolled flow of drugs in large volume pumps (often in combination with a giving st based free flow clamp) and increasingly also in syringe pumps (piston-brake)
Many pumps include an internal electronic log of the last several thousand therapy events These are usually tagged with the time and date from the pumps clock Usually erasing the log is a feature protected by a security code specifically to detect staff abuse of the pump or patient
Many makes of infusion pump can be configured to display only a small subset of features while they are operating in order to prevent tampering by patients untrained staff and visitors
Types of infusion The user interface of pumps usually requests details on the type of infusion
from the technician or nurse that sets them up Continuous infusion usually consists of small pulses of infusion usually
between 500 nanoliters and 10000 microliters depending on the pumps design with the rate of these pulses depending on the programmed infusion speed
Intermittent infusion has a high infusion rate alternating with a low programmable infusion rate to keep the cannula open The timings are programmable This mode is often used to administer antibiotics or other drugs that can irritate a blood vessel
Patient-controlled is infusion on-demand usually with a preprogrammed ceiling to avoid intoxication The rate is controlled by a pressure pad or button that can be activated by the patient It is the method of choice for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in which repeated small doses of opioid analgesics are delivered with the device coded to stop administration before a dose that may cause hazardous respiratory depression is reached
Total parenteral nutrition usually requires an infusion curve similar to normal mealtimes
Some pumps offer modes in which the amounts can be scaled or controlled based on the time of day This allows for circadian cycles which may be required for certain types of medication
Anesthetic machine
The anaesthetic machine (or anesthesia machine in America) is used by anaesthesiologists and Nurse anesthetists to support the administration of anaesthesia The most common type of anaesthetic machine in use in the developed world is the continuous-flow anaesthetic machine which is designed to provide an accurate and continuous supply of medical gases (such as oxygen and nitrous oxide) mixed with an accurate concentration of anaesthetic vapour (such as isoflurane) and deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure and flow Modern machines incorporate a ventilator suction unit and patient-monitoring devices
The original concept of Boyles machine was invented by the British anaesthetist HEG Boyle in 1917 Prior to this time anaesthetists often carried all their equipment with them but the development of heavy bulky cylinder storage and increasingly elaborate airway equipment meant that this was no longer practical for most circumstances The anaesthetic machine is usually mounted on anti-static wheels for convenient transportation
Safety features of modern machines
Based on experience gained from analysis of mishaps the modern anaesthetic machine incorporates several safety devices including
an oxygen failure alarm (also known as Oxygen Failure Warning Device or OFWD) In older machines this was a pneumatic device called a Ritchie whistle Newer machines have an electronic sensor
nitrous cut-off the flow of medical nitrous-oxide is dependent on oxygen pressure This is done at the regulator level In essence the nitrous-oxide regulator is a slave of the oxygen regulator
hypoxic-mixture alarms (hypoxy guards or ratio controllers) to prevent gas mixtures which contain less than 21 oxygen being delivered to the patient In modern machines it is impossible to deliver 100 nitrous oxide (or any hypoxic mixture) to the patient to breathe Oxygen is automatically added to the fresh gas flow even if the anaesthetist should attempt to deliver 100 nitrous oxide Ratio controllers usually operate on the penumatic principle or are chain linked Both are located on the rotameter assembly unless electronically controlled
ventilator alarms which warn of disconnection or high airway pressures
interlocks between the vaporisers preventing inadvertent administration of more than one volatile agent concurrently
alarms on all the above physiological monitorsthe Pin Index Safety System prevents cylinders being
accidentally connected to the wrong yokethe NIST (Non-Interchangeable Screw Thread) system for
pipeline gases which prevents piped gases from the wall being accidentally connected to the wrong inlet on the machine
pipeline gas hoses have non-interchangeable Schrader valve connectors which prevents hoses being accidentally plugged into the wrong wall socket
VERG-augmented anesthesia machine
Portable anesthesia
Group 6 Loiselle Ilano Queenie Layson Joana Mae Lazaro Ralph Kenneth Lazaro Dino Francis Lazo Nathaniel Mallari
Prepared by
The system is composed of three parts the smart sensor unit the main processing unit and the network communication unit It can gather real-time biosignals analyze display and store these data be accessed by remote doctor to diagnose on line and upload data stored
AdvantageLess frequent manual monitoring for the
nurse of vsLess time consumingLess mobility of the nurseCan detect error right awayCan obtain the latest information
immediatelyUser friendly
DisadvantageEconomical costLess contact with the patientIncrease cost in manpower maintenance and
operation of the system
Pulse-oximetry
is a noninvasive sensor which provides a continuous estimation of arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation as well as the pulse rate These important measurements inform about the blood oxygenation and can be updated with each heartbeat
The pulse oximeter consists of a transductor
which employs two Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) and a fotodetector diode One of the LEDs emits red light (with a wavelength of 1048655 = 660 nm) while the other generates infrared light (1048655 = 940 nm) The sensor is based on the fact that the colour of blood varies depending on the oxygen it contains In particular the hemoglobin molecules reflect more red light when they are oxygenated than when reduced while its behaviour is the opposite when the light is infra-red The oximeter shines two beams of light through a finger (or earlobe etc) which are finally received in the photodetector By comparing the light intensity that is received (not reflected by the finger) for each wavelength the oximeter is able to derive the light that is being absorbed by the blood and consequently the oxygen saturation Moreover the heart rate can be estimated from the slight change in the colour provoked by a beat of the heart pushing arterial blood into the finger
Electronic medical recordElectronic medical record
An electronic medical record is usually a computerized legal medical record created in an organization that delivers care such as a hospital and doctors surgery Electronic medical records tend to be a part of a local stand-alone health information system that allows storage retrieval and manipulation of records
Using an EMR to read and write a patients record is not only possible through a workstation but depending on the type of system and health care settings may also be possible through mobile devices that are handwriting capable Electronic Medical Records may include access to Personal Health Records (PHR) which makes individual notes from a EMR readily visible and accessible for consumers
Advantages Rich text enabled content ICD10 Diagnostics and Smart
Medications Treatments and Billing Information Images and Videos
Medical FeaturesIntuitive User InterfacesPatient ManagementMedical Schedules and Medical CalendarsElectronic Medical Records - EMRMedical Billing SoftwareIntegrated Financial and Inventory SystemPatient FileMedical RegistryMedical Forms with QuestionnairesCustomize Export and Print Medical ReportsMedia Devices
Teamwork FeaturesShare with your Team within a
networkUnlimited DatabasesProtect and Secure your DataCross-Database Synchronization
Medical monitor
A medical monitor or physiological monitor or display is an electronic medical device that measures a patients vital signs and displays the data so obtained which may or may not be transmitted on a monitoring network Physiological data are displayed continuously on aCRT or LCD screen as data channels along the time axis They may be accompanied by numerical readouts of computed parameters on the original data such as maximum minimum and average values pulse and respiratory frequencies and so on
MonitorDefibrillators
These monitordefibrillators usually have the normal capabilities of an ICU monitor but have manual (and usually semi-automatic AED)defibrillation capability This is particular good for EMS services who need a compact easy to use monitor and defibrillator as well as for inter- or intrafacility patient transport
Monitors may be classified asHandheldPortableMonitorDefibrillator (usually portable)TabletopNetworkable non-networkableWired wireless data transmissionMains powered or mains + battery powered
Infusion pump
An infusion pump infuses fluids medication or nutrients into a patients circulatory system It is generally used intravenously althoughsubcutaneous arterial and epidural infusions are occasionally used
Infusion pumps can administer fluids in ways that would be impractically expensive or unreliable if performed manually by nursing staff For example they can administer as little as 01 mL per hour injections (too small for a drip) injections every minute injections with repeated boluses requested by the patient up to maximum number per hour (eg in patient-controlled analgesia) or fluids whose volumes vary by the time of day
Because they can also produce quite high but controlled pressures they can inject controlled amounts of fluids subcutaneously (beneath the skin) or epidurally (just within the surface of the central nervous system- a very popular local spinal anesthesia for childbirth)
Safety features available on some pumpsThe range of safety features varies widely with the age and make of the pump A state of the art pump in 2003 may have the following safety features Certified to have no single point of failure That is no single cause of
failure should cause the pump to silently fail to operate correctly It should at least stop pumping and make at least an audible error indication This is a minimum requirement on all human-rated infusion pumps of whatever age It is not required for veterinary infusion pumps
Batteries so the pump can operate if the power fails or is unplugged Anti-free-flow devices prevent blood from draining from the patient or
infusate from freely entering the patient when the infusion pump is being set-up
A down pressure sensor will detect when the patients vein is blocked or the line to the patient is kinked This may be configurable for high (subcutaneous and epidural) or low (venous) applications
An air-in-line detector A typical detector will use an ultrasonic transmitter and receiver to detect when air is being pumped Some pumps actually measure the volume and may even have configurable volumes from 01 to 2 ml of air None of these amounts can cause harm but sometimes the air can interfere with the infusion of a low-dose medicine
An up pressure sensor can detect when the bag or syringe is empty or even if the bag or syringe is being squeezed
A drug library with customizable programmable limits for individual drugs that that helps to avoid medication errors
Mechanisms to avoid uncontrolled flow of drugs in large volume pumps (often in combination with a giving st based free flow clamp) and increasingly also in syringe pumps (piston-brake)
Many pumps include an internal electronic log of the last several thousand therapy events These are usually tagged with the time and date from the pumps clock Usually erasing the log is a feature protected by a security code specifically to detect staff abuse of the pump or patient
Many makes of infusion pump can be configured to display only a small subset of features while they are operating in order to prevent tampering by patients untrained staff and visitors
Types of infusion The user interface of pumps usually requests details on the type of infusion
from the technician or nurse that sets them up Continuous infusion usually consists of small pulses of infusion usually
between 500 nanoliters and 10000 microliters depending on the pumps design with the rate of these pulses depending on the programmed infusion speed
Intermittent infusion has a high infusion rate alternating with a low programmable infusion rate to keep the cannula open The timings are programmable This mode is often used to administer antibiotics or other drugs that can irritate a blood vessel
Patient-controlled is infusion on-demand usually with a preprogrammed ceiling to avoid intoxication The rate is controlled by a pressure pad or button that can be activated by the patient It is the method of choice for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in which repeated small doses of opioid analgesics are delivered with the device coded to stop administration before a dose that may cause hazardous respiratory depression is reached
Total parenteral nutrition usually requires an infusion curve similar to normal mealtimes
Some pumps offer modes in which the amounts can be scaled or controlled based on the time of day This allows for circadian cycles which may be required for certain types of medication
Anesthetic machine
The anaesthetic machine (or anesthesia machine in America) is used by anaesthesiologists and Nurse anesthetists to support the administration of anaesthesia The most common type of anaesthetic machine in use in the developed world is the continuous-flow anaesthetic machine which is designed to provide an accurate and continuous supply of medical gases (such as oxygen and nitrous oxide) mixed with an accurate concentration of anaesthetic vapour (such as isoflurane) and deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure and flow Modern machines incorporate a ventilator suction unit and patient-monitoring devices
The original concept of Boyles machine was invented by the British anaesthetist HEG Boyle in 1917 Prior to this time anaesthetists often carried all their equipment with them but the development of heavy bulky cylinder storage and increasingly elaborate airway equipment meant that this was no longer practical for most circumstances The anaesthetic machine is usually mounted on anti-static wheels for convenient transportation
Safety features of modern machines
Based on experience gained from analysis of mishaps the modern anaesthetic machine incorporates several safety devices including
an oxygen failure alarm (also known as Oxygen Failure Warning Device or OFWD) In older machines this was a pneumatic device called a Ritchie whistle Newer machines have an electronic sensor
nitrous cut-off the flow of medical nitrous-oxide is dependent on oxygen pressure This is done at the regulator level In essence the nitrous-oxide regulator is a slave of the oxygen regulator
hypoxic-mixture alarms (hypoxy guards or ratio controllers) to prevent gas mixtures which contain less than 21 oxygen being delivered to the patient In modern machines it is impossible to deliver 100 nitrous oxide (or any hypoxic mixture) to the patient to breathe Oxygen is automatically added to the fresh gas flow even if the anaesthetist should attempt to deliver 100 nitrous oxide Ratio controllers usually operate on the penumatic principle or are chain linked Both are located on the rotameter assembly unless electronically controlled
ventilator alarms which warn of disconnection or high airway pressures
interlocks between the vaporisers preventing inadvertent administration of more than one volatile agent concurrently
alarms on all the above physiological monitorsthe Pin Index Safety System prevents cylinders being
accidentally connected to the wrong yokethe NIST (Non-Interchangeable Screw Thread) system for
pipeline gases which prevents piped gases from the wall being accidentally connected to the wrong inlet on the machine
pipeline gas hoses have non-interchangeable Schrader valve connectors which prevents hoses being accidentally plugged into the wrong wall socket
VERG-augmented anesthesia machine
Portable anesthesia
Group 6 Loiselle Ilano Queenie Layson Joana Mae Lazaro Ralph Kenneth Lazaro Dino Francis Lazo Nathaniel Mallari
Prepared by
AdvantageLess frequent manual monitoring for the
nurse of vsLess time consumingLess mobility of the nurseCan detect error right awayCan obtain the latest information
immediatelyUser friendly
DisadvantageEconomical costLess contact with the patientIncrease cost in manpower maintenance and
operation of the system
Pulse-oximetry
is a noninvasive sensor which provides a continuous estimation of arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation as well as the pulse rate These important measurements inform about the blood oxygenation and can be updated with each heartbeat
The pulse oximeter consists of a transductor
which employs two Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) and a fotodetector diode One of the LEDs emits red light (with a wavelength of 1048655 = 660 nm) while the other generates infrared light (1048655 = 940 nm) The sensor is based on the fact that the colour of blood varies depending on the oxygen it contains In particular the hemoglobin molecules reflect more red light when they are oxygenated than when reduced while its behaviour is the opposite when the light is infra-red The oximeter shines two beams of light through a finger (or earlobe etc) which are finally received in the photodetector By comparing the light intensity that is received (not reflected by the finger) for each wavelength the oximeter is able to derive the light that is being absorbed by the blood and consequently the oxygen saturation Moreover the heart rate can be estimated from the slight change in the colour provoked by a beat of the heart pushing arterial blood into the finger
Electronic medical recordElectronic medical record
An electronic medical record is usually a computerized legal medical record created in an organization that delivers care such as a hospital and doctors surgery Electronic medical records tend to be a part of a local stand-alone health information system that allows storage retrieval and manipulation of records
Using an EMR to read and write a patients record is not only possible through a workstation but depending on the type of system and health care settings may also be possible through mobile devices that are handwriting capable Electronic Medical Records may include access to Personal Health Records (PHR) which makes individual notes from a EMR readily visible and accessible for consumers
Advantages Rich text enabled content ICD10 Diagnostics and Smart
Medications Treatments and Billing Information Images and Videos
Medical FeaturesIntuitive User InterfacesPatient ManagementMedical Schedules and Medical CalendarsElectronic Medical Records - EMRMedical Billing SoftwareIntegrated Financial and Inventory SystemPatient FileMedical RegistryMedical Forms with QuestionnairesCustomize Export and Print Medical ReportsMedia Devices
Teamwork FeaturesShare with your Team within a
networkUnlimited DatabasesProtect and Secure your DataCross-Database Synchronization
Medical monitor
A medical monitor or physiological monitor or display is an electronic medical device that measures a patients vital signs and displays the data so obtained which may or may not be transmitted on a monitoring network Physiological data are displayed continuously on aCRT or LCD screen as data channels along the time axis They may be accompanied by numerical readouts of computed parameters on the original data such as maximum minimum and average values pulse and respiratory frequencies and so on
MonitorDefibrillators
These monitordefibrillators usually have the normal capabilities of an ICU monitor but have manual (and usually semi-automatic AED)defibrillation capability This is particular good for EMS services who need a compact easy to use monitor and defibrillator as well as for inter- or intrafacility patient transport
Monitors may be classified asHandheldPortableMonitorDefibrillator (usually portable)TabletopNetworkable non-networkableWired wireless data transmissionMains powered or mains + battery powered
Infusion pump
An infusion pump infuses fluids medication or nutrients into a patients circulatory system It is generally used intravenously althoughsubcutaneous arterial and epidural infusions are occasionally used
Infusion pumps can administer fluids in ways that would be impractically expensive or unreliable if performed manually by nursing staff For example they can administer as little as 01 mL per hour injections (too small for a drip) injections every minute injections with repeated boluses requested by the patient up to maximum number per hour (eg in patient-controlled analgesia) or fluids whose volumes vary by the time of day
Because they can also produce quite high but controlled pressures they can inject controlled amounts of fluids subcutaneously (beneath the skin) or epidurally (just within the surface of the central nervous system- a very popular local spinal anesthesia for childbirth)
Safety features available on some pumpsThe range of safety features varies widely with the age and make of the pump A state of the art pump in 2003 may have the following safety features Certified to have no single point of failure That is no single cause of
failure should cause the pump to silently fail to operate correctly It should at least stop pumping and make at least an audible error indication This is a minimum requirement on all human-rated infusion pumps of whatever age It is not required for veterinary infusion pumps
Batteries so the pump can operate if the power fails or is unplugged Anti-free-flow devices prevent blood from draining from the patient or
infusate from freely entering the patient when the infusion pump is being set-up
A down pressure sensor will detect when the patients vein is blocked or the line to the patient is kinked This may be configurable for high (subcutaneous and epidural) or low (venous) applications
An air-in-line detector A typical detector will use an ultrasonic transmitter and receiver to detect when air is being pumped Some pumps actually measure the volume and may even have configurable volumes from 01 to 2 ml of air None of these amounts can cause harm but sometimes the air can interfere with the infusion of a low-dose medicine
An up pressure sensor can detect when the bag or syringe is empty or even if the bag or syringe is being squeezed
A drug library with customizable programmable limits for individual drugs that that helps to avoid medication errors
Mechanisms to avoid uncontrolled flow of drugs in large volume pumps (often in combination with a giving st based free flow clamp) and increasingly also in syringe pumps (piston-brake)
Many pumps include an internal electronic log of the last several thousand therapy events These are usually tagged with the time and date from the pumps clock Usually erasing the log is a feature protected by a security code specifically to detect staff abuse of the pump or patient
Many makes of infusion pump can be configured to display only a small subset of features while they are operating in order to prevent tampering by patients untrained staff and visitors
Types of infusion The user interface of pumps usually requests details on the type of infusion
from the technician or nurse that sets them up Continuous infusion usually consists of small pulses of infusion usually
between 500 nanoliters and 10000 microliters depending on the pumps design with the rate of these pulses depending on the programmed infusion speed
Intermittent infusion has a high infusion rate alternating with a low programmable infusion rate to keep the cannula open The timings are programmable This mode is often used to administer antibiotics or other drugs that can irritate a blood vessel
Patient-controlled is infusion on-demand usually with a preprogrammed ceiling to avoid intoxication The rate is controlled by a pressure pad or button that can be activated by the patient It is the method of choice for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in which repeated small doses of opioid analgesics are delivered with the device coded to stop administration before a dose that may cause hazardous respiratory depression is reached
Total parenteral nutrition usually requires an infusion curve similar to normal mealtimes
Some pumps offer modes in which the amounts can be scaled or controlled based on the time of day This allows for circadian cycles which may be required for certain types of medication
Anesthetic machine
The anaesthetic machine (or anesthesia machine in America) is used by anaesthesiologists and Nurse anesthetists to support the administration of anaesthesia The most common type of anaesthetic machine in use in the developed world is the continuous-flow anaesthetic machine which is designed to provide an accurate and continuous supply of medical gases (such as oxygen and nitrous oxide) mixed with an accurate concentration of anaesthetic vapour (such as isoflurane) and deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure and flow Modern machines incorporate a ventilator suction unit and patient-monitoring devices
The original concept of Boyles machine was invented by the British anaesthetist HEG Boyle in 1917 Prior to this time anaesthetists often carried all their equipment with them but the development of heavy bulky cylinder storage and increasingly elaborate airway equipment meant that this was no longer practical for most circumstances The anaesthetic machine is usually mounted on anti-static wheels for convenient transportation
Safety features of modern machines
Based on experience gained from analysis of mishaps the modern anaesthetic machine incorporates several safety devices including
an oxygen failure alarm (also known as Oxygen Failure Warning Device or OFWD) In older machines this was a pneumatic device called a Ritchie whistle Newer machines have an electronic sensor
nitrous cut-off the flow of medical nitrous-oxide is dependent on oxygen pressure This is done at the regulator level In essence the nitrous-oxide regulator is a slave of the oxygen regulator
hypoxic-mixture alarms (hypoxy guards or ratio controllers) to prevent gas mixtures which contain less than 21 oxygen being delivered to the patient In modern machines it is impossible to deliver 100 nitrous oxide (or any hypoxic mixture) to the patient to breathe Oxygen is automatically added to the fresh gas flow even if the anaesthetist should attempt to deliver 100 nitrous oxide Ratio controllers usually operate on the penumatic principle or are chain linked Both are located on the rotameter assembly unless electronically controlled
ventilator alarms which warn of disconnection or high airway pressures
interlocks between the vaporisers preventing inadvertent administration of more than one volatile agent concurrently
alarms on all the above physiological monitorsthe Pin Index Safety System prevents cylinders being
accidentally connected to the wrong yokethe NIST (Non-Interchangeable Screw Thread) system for
pipeline gases which prevents piped gases from the wall being accidentally connected to the wrong inlet on the machine
pipeline gas hoses have non-interchangeable Schrader valve connectors which prevents hoses being accidentally plugged into the wrong wall socket
VERG-augmented anesthesia machine
Portable anesthesia
Group 6 Loiselle Ilano Queenie Layson Joana Mae Lazaro Ralph Kenneth Lazaro Dino Francis Lazo Nathaniel Mallari
Prepared by
DisadvantageEconomical costLess contact with the patientIncrease cost in manpower maintenance and
operation of the system
Pulse-oximetry
is a noninvasive sensor which provides a continuous estimation of arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation as well as the pulse rate These important measurements inform about the blood oxygenation and can be updated with each heartbeat
The pulse oximeter consists of a transductor
which employs two Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) and a fotodetector diode One of the LEDs emits red light (with a wavelength of 1048655 = 660 nm) while the other generates infrared light (1048655 = 940 nm) The sensor is based on the fact that the colour of blood varies depending on the oxygen it contains In particular the hemoglobin molecules reflect more red light when they are oxygenated than when reduced while its behaviour is the opposite when the light is infra-red The oximeter shines two beams of light through a finger (or earlobe etc) which are finally received in the photodetector By comparing the light intensity that is received (not reflected by the finger) for each wavelength the oximeter is able to derive the light that is being absorbed by the blood and consequently the oxygen saturation Moreover the heart rate can be estimated from the slight change in the colour provoked by a beat of the heart pushing arterial blood into the finger
Electronic medical recordElectronic medical record
An electronic medical record is usually a computerized legal medical record created in an organization that delivers care such as a hospital and doctors surgery Electronic medical records tend to be a part of a local stand-alone health information system that allows storage retrieval and manipulation of records
Using an EMR to read and write a patients record is not only possible through a workstation but depending on the type of system and health care settings may also be possible through mobile devices that are handwriting capable Electronic Medical Records may include access to Personal Health Records (PHR) which makes individual notes from a EMR readily visible and accessible for consumers
Advantages Rich text enabled content ICD10 Diagnostics and Smart
Medications Treatments and Billing Information Images and Videos
Medical FeaturesIntuitive User InterfacesPatient ManagementMedical Schedules and Medical CalendarsElectronic Medical Records - EMRMedical Billing SoftwareIntegrated Financial and Inventory SystemPatient FileMedical RegistryMedical Forms with QuestionnairesCustomize Export and Print Medical ReportsMedia Devices
Teamwork FeaturesShare with your Team within a
networkUnlimited DatabasesProtect and Secure your DataCross-Database Synchronization
Medical monitor
A medical monitor or physiological monitor or display is an electronic medical device that measures a patients vital signs and displays the data so obtained which may or may not be transmitted on a monitoring network Physiological data are displayed continuously on aCRT or LCD screen as data channels along the time axis They may be accompanied by numerical readouts of computed parameters on the original data such as maximum minimum and average values pulse and respiratory frequencies and so on
MonitorDefibrillators
These monitordefibrillators usually have the normal capabilities of an ICU monitor but have manual (and usually semi-automatic AED)defibrillation capability This is particular good for EMS services who need a compact easy to use monitor and defibrillator as well as for inter- or intrafacility patient transport
Monitors may be classified asHandheldPortableMonitorDefibrillator (usually portable)TabletopNetworkable non-networkableWired wireless data transmissionMains powered or mains + battery powered
Infusion pump
An infusion pump infuses fluids medication or nutrients into a patients circulatory system It is generally used intravenously althoughsubcutaneous arterial and epidural infusions are occasionally used
Infusion pumps can administer fluids in ways that would be impractically expensive or unreliable if performed manually by nursing staff For example they can administer as little as 01 mL per hour injections (too small for a drip) injections every minute injections with repeated boluses requested by the patient up to maximum number per hour (eg in patient-controlled analgesia) or fluids whose volumes vary by the time of day
Because they can also produce quite high but controlled pressures they can inject controlled amounts of fluids subcutaneously (beneath the skin) or epidurally (just within the surface of the central nervous system- a very popular local spinal anesthesia for childbirth)
Safety features available on some pumpsThe range of safety features varies widely with the age and make of the pump A state of the art pump in 2003 may have the following safety features Certified to have no single point of failure That is no single cause of
failure should cause the pump to silently fail to operate correctly It should at least stop pumping and make at least an audible error indication This is a minimum requirement on all human-rated infusion pumps of whatever age It is not required for veterinary infusion pumps
Batteries so the pump can operate if the power fails or is unplugged Anti-free-flow devices prevent blood from draining from the patient or
infusate from freely entering the patient when the infusion pump is being set-up
A down pressure sensor will detect when the patients vein is blocked or the line to the patient is kinked This may be configurable for high (subcutaneous and epidural) or low (venous) applications
An air-in-line detector A typical detector will use an ultrasonic transmitter and receiver to detect when air is being pumped Some pumps actually measure the volume and may even have configurable volumes from 01 to 2 ml of air None of these amounts can cause harm but sometimes the air can interfere with the infusion of a low-dose medicine
An up pressure sensor can detect when the bag or syringe is empty or even if the bag or syringe is being squeezed
A drug library with customizable programmable limits for individual drugs that that helps to avoid medication errors
Mechanisms to avoid uncontrolled flow of drugs in large volume pumps (often in combination with a giving st based free flow clamp) and increasingly also in syringe pumps (piston-brake)
Many pumps include an internal electronic log of the last several thousand therapy events These are usually tagged with the time and date from the pumps clock Usually erasing the log is a feature protected by a security code specifically to detect staff abuse of the pump or patient
Many makes of infusion pump can be configured to display only a small subset of features while they are operating in order to prevent tampering by patients untrained staff and visitors
Types of infusion The user interface of pumps usually requests details on the type of infusion
from the technician or nurse that sets them up Continuous infusion usually consists of small pulses of infusion usually
between 500 nanoliters and 10000 microliters depending on the pumps design with the rate of these pulses depending on the programmed infusion speed
Intermittent infusion has a high infusion rate alternating with a low programmable infusion rate to keep the cannula open The timings are programmable This mode is often used to administer antibiotics or other drugs that can irritate a blood vessel
Patient-controlled is infusion on-demand usually with a preprogrammed ceiling to avoid intoxication The rate is controlled by a pressure pad or button that can be activated by the patient It is the method of choice for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in which repeated small doses of opioid analgesics are delivered with the device coded to stop administration before a dose that may cause hazardous respiratory depression is reached
Total parenteral nutrition usually requires an infusion curve similar to normal mealtimes
Some pumps offer modes in which the amounts can be scaled or controlled based on the time of day This allows for circadian cycles which may be required for certain types of medication
Anesthetic machine
The anaesthetic machine (or anesthesia machine in America) is used by anaesthesiologists and Nurse anesthetists to support the administration of anaesthesia The most common type of anaesthetic machine in use in the developed world is the continuous-flow anaesthetic machine which is designed to provide an accurate and continuous supply of medical gases (such as oxygen and nitrous oxide) mixed with an accurate concentration of anaesthetic vapour (such as isoflurane) and deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure and flow Modern machines incorporate a ventilator suction unit and patient-monitoring devices
The original concept of Boyles machine was invented by the British anaesthetist HEG Boyle in 1917 Prior to this time anaesthetists often carried all their equipment with them but the development of heavy bulky cylinder storage and increasingly elaborate airway equipment meant that this was no longer practical for most circumstances The anaesthetic machine is usually mounted on anti-static wheels for convenient transportation
Safety features of modern machines
Based on experience gained from analysis of mishaps the modern anaesthetic machine incorporates several safety devices including
an oxygen failure alarm (also known as Oxygen Failure Warning Device or OFWD) In older machines this was a pneumatic device called a Ritchie whistle Newer machines have an electronic sensor
nitrous cut-off the flow of medical nitrous-oxide is dependent on oxygen pressure This is done at the regulator level In essence the nitrous-oxide regulator is a slave of the oxygen regulator
hypoxic-mixture alarms (hypoxy guards or ratio controllers) to prevent gas mixtures which contain less than 21 oxygen being delivered to the patient In modern machines it is impossible to deliver 100 nitrous oxide (or any hypoxic mixture) to the patient to breathe Oxygen is automatically added to the fresh gas flow even if the anaesthetist should attempt to deliver 100 nitrous oxide Ratio controllers usually operate on the penumatic principle or are chain linked Both are located on the rotameter assembly unless electronically controlled
ventilator alarms which warn of disconnection or high airway pressures
interlocks between the vaporisers preventing inadvertent administration of more than one volatile agent concurrently
alarms on all the above physiological monitorsthe Pin Index Safety System prevents cylinders being
accidentally connected to the wrong yokethe NIST (Non-Interchangeable Screw Thread) system for
pipeline gases which prevents piped gases from the wall being accidentally connected to the wrong inlet on the machine
pipeline gas hoses have non-interchangeable Schrader valve connectors which prevents hoses being accidentally plugged into the wrong wall socket
VERG-augmented anesthesia machine
Portable anesthesia
Group 6 Loiselle Ilano Queenie Layson Joana Mae Lazaro Ralph Kenneth Lazaro Dino Francis Lazo Nathaniel Mallari
Prepared by
Pulse-oximetry
is a noninvasive sensor which provides a continuous estimation of arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation as well as the pulse rate These important measurements inform about the blood oxygenation and can be updated with each heartbeat
The pulse oximeter consists of a transductor
which employs two Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) and a fotodetector diode One of the LEDs emits red light (with a wavelength of 1048655 = 660 nm) while the other generates infrared light (1048655 = 940 nm) The sensor is based on the fact that the colour of blood varies depending on the oxygen it contains In particular the hemoglobin molecules reflect more red light when they are oxygenated than when reduced while its behaviour is the opposite when the light is infra-red The oximeter shines two beams of light through a finger (or earlobe etc) which are finally received in the photodetector By comparing the light intensity that is received (not reflected by the finger) for each wavelength the oximeter is able to derive the light that is being absorbed by the blood and consequently the oxygen saturation Moreover the heart rate can be estimated from the slight change in the colour provoked by a beat of the heart pushing arterial blood into the finger
Electronic medical recordElectronic medical record
An electronic medical record is usually a computerized legal medical record created in an organization that delivers care such as a hospital and doctors surgery Electronic medical records tend to be a part of a local stand-alone health information system that allows storage retrieval and manipulation of records
Using an EMR to read and write a patients record is not only possible through a workstation but depending on the type of system and health care settings may also be possible through mobile devices that are handwriting capable Electronic Medical Records may include access to Personal Health Records (PHR) which makes individual notes from a EMR readily visible and accessible for consumers
Advantages Rich text enabled content ICD10 Diagnostics and Smart
Medications Treatments and Billing Information Images and Videos
Medical FeaturesIntuitive User InterfacesPatient ManagementMedical Schedules and Medical CalendarsElectronic Medical Records - EMRMedical Billing SoftwareIntegrated Financial and Inventory SystemPatient FileMedical RegistryMedical Forms with QuestionnairesCustomize Export and Print Medical ReportsMedia Devices
Teamwork FeaturesShare with your Team within a
networkUnlimited DatabasesProtect and Secure your DataCross-Database Synchronization
Medical monitor
A medical monitor or physiological monitor or display is an electronic medical device that measures a patients vital signs and displays the data so obtained which may or may not be transmitted on a monitoring network Physiological data are displayed continuously on aCRT or LCD screen as data channels along the time axis They may be accompanied by numerical readouts of computed parameters on the original data such as maximum minimum and average values pulse and respiratory frequencies and so on
MonitorDefibrillators
These monitordefibrillators usually have the normal capabilities of an ICU monitor but have manual (and usually semi-automatic AED)defibrillation capability This is particular good for EMS services who need a compact easy to use monitor and defibrillator as well as for inter- or intrafacility patient transport
Monitors may be classified asHandheldPortableMonitorDefibrillator (usually portable)TabletopNetworkable non-networkableWired wireless data transmissionMains powered or mains + battery powered
Infusion pump
An infusion pump infuses fluids medication or nutrients into a patients circulatory system It is generally used intravenously althoughsubcutaneous arterial and epidural infusions are occasionally used
Infusion pumps can administer fluids in ways that would be impractically expensive or unreliable if performed manually by nursing staff For example they can administer as little as 01 mL per hour injections (too small for a drip) injections every minute injections with repeated boluses requested by the patient up to maximum number per hour (eg in patient-controlled analgesia) or fluids whose volumes vary by the time of day
Because they can also produce quite high but controlled pressures they can inject controlled amounts of fluids subcutaneously (beneath the skin) or epidurally (just within the surface of the central nervous system- a very popular local spinal anesthesia for childbirth)
Safety features available on some pumpsThe range of safety features varies widely with the age and make of the pump A state of the art pump in 2003 may have the following safety features Certified to have no single point of failure That is no single cause of
failure should cause the pump to silently fail to operate correctly It should at least stop pumping and make at least an audible error indication This is a minimum requirement on all human-rated infusion pumps of whatever age It is not required for veterinary infusion pumps
Batteries so the pump can operate if the power fails or is unplugged Anti-free-flow devices prevent blood from draining from the patient or
infusate from freely entering the patient when the infusion pump is being set-up
A down pressure sensor will detect when the patients vein is blocked or the line to the patient is kinked This may be configurable for high (subcutaneous and epidural) or low (venous) applications
An air-in-line detector A typical detector will use an ultrasonic transmitter and receiver to detect when air is being pumped Some pumps actually measure the volume and may even have configurable volumes from 01 to 2 ml of air None of these amounts can cause harm but sometimes the air can interfere with the infusion of a low-dose medicine
An up pressure sensor can detect when the bag or syringe is empty or even if the bag or syringe is being squeezed
A drug library with customizable programmable limits for individual drugs that that helps to avoid medication errors
Mechanisms to avoid uncontrolled flow of drugs in large volume pumps (often in combination with a giving st based free flow clamp) and increasingly also in syringe pumps (piston-brake)
Many pumps include an internal electronic log of the last several thousand therapy events These are usually tagged with the time and date from the pumps clock Usually erasing the log is a feature protected by a security code specifically to detect staff abuse of the pump or patient
Many makes of infusion pump can be configured to display only a small subset of features while they are operating in order to prevent tampering by patients untrained staff and visitors
Types of infusion The user interface of pumps usually requests details on the type of infusion
from the technician or nurse that sets them up Continuous infusion usually consists of small pulses of infusion usually
between 500 nanoliters and 10000 microliters depending on the pumps design with the rate of these pulses depending on the programmed infusion speed
Intermittent infusion has a high infusion rate alternating with a low programmable infusion rate to keep the cannula open The timings are programmable This mode is often used to administer antibiotics or other drugs that can irritate a blood vessel
Patient-controlled is infusion on-demand usually with a preprogrammed ceiling to avoid intoxication The rate is controlled by a pressure pad or button that can be activated by the patient It is the method of choice for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in which repeated small doses of opioid analgesics are delivered with the device coded to stop administration before a dose that may cause hazardous respiratory depression is reached
Total parenteral nutrition usually requires an infusion curve similar to normal mealtimes
Some pumps offer modes in which the amounts can be scaled or controlled based on the time of day This allows for circadian cycles which may be required for certain types of medication
Anesthetic machine
The anaesthetic machine (or anesthesia machine in America) is used by anaesthesiologists and Nurse anesthetists to support the administration of anaesthesia The most common type of anaesthetic machine in use in the developed world is the continuous-flow anaesthetic machine which is designed to provide an accurate and continuous supply of medical gases (such as oxygen and nitrous oxide) mixed with an accurate concentration of anaesthetic vapour (such as isoflurane) and deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure and flow Modern machines incorporate a ventilator suction unit and patient-monitoring devices
The original concept of Boyles machine was invented by the British anaesthetist HEG Boyle in 1917 Prior to this time anaesthetists often carried all their equipment with them but the development of heavy bulky cylinder storage and increasingly elaborate airway equipment meant that this was no longer practical for most circumstances The anaesthetic machine is usually mounted on anti-static wheels for convenient transportation
Safety features of modern machines
Based on experience gained from analysis of mishaps the modern anaesthetic machine incorporates several safety devices including
an oxygen failure alarm (also known as Oxygen Failure Warning Device or OFWD) In older machines this was a pneumatic device called a Ritchie whistle Newer machines have an electronic sensor
nitrous cut-off the flow of medical nitrous-oxide is dependent on oxygen pressure This is done at the regulator level In essence the nitrous-oxide regulator is a slave of the oxygen regulator
hypoxic-mixture alarms (hypoxy guards or ratio controllers) to prevent gas mixtures which contain less than 21 oxygen being delivered to the patient In modern machines it is impossible to deliver 100 nitrous oxide (or any hypoxic mixture) to the patient to breathe Oxygen is automatically added to the fresh gas flow even if the anaesthetist should attempt to deliver 100 nitrous oxide Ratio controllers usually operate on the penumatic principle or are chain linked Both are located on the rotameter assembly unless electronically controlled
ventilator alarms which warn of disconnection or high airway pressures
interlocks between the vaporisers preventing inadvertent administration of more than one volatile agent concurrently
alarms on all the above physiological monitorsthe Pin Index Safety System prevents cylinders being
accidentally connected to the wrong yokethe NIST (Non-Interchangeable Screw Thread) system for
pipeline gases which prevents piped gases from the wall being accidentally connected to the wrong inlet on the machine
pipeline gas hoses have non-interchangeable Schrader valve connectors which prevents hoses being accidentally plugged into the wrong wall socket
VERG-augmented anesthesia machine
Portable anesthesia
Group 6 Loiselle Ilano Queenie Layson Joana Mae Lazaro Ralph Kenneth Lazaro Dino Francis Lazo Nathaniel Mallari
Prepared by
The pulse oximeter consists of a transductor
which employs two Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) and a fotodetector diode One of the LEDs emits red light (with a wavelength of 1048655 = 660 nm) while the other generates infrared light (1048655 = 940 nm) The sensor is based on the fact that the colour of blood varies depending on the oxygen it contains In particular the hemoglobin molecules reflect more red light when they are oxygenated than when reduced while its behaviour is the opposite when the light is infra-red The oximeter shines two beams of light through a finger (or earlobe etc) which are finally received in the photodetector By comparing the light intensity that is received (not reflected by the finger) for each wavelength the oximeter is able to derive the light that is being absorbed by the blood and consequently the oxygen saturation Moreover the heart rate can be estimated from the slight change in the colour provoked by a beat of the heart pushing arterial blood into the finger
Electronic medical recordElectronic medical record
An electronic medical record is usually a computerized legal medical record created in an organization that delivers care such as a hospital and doctors surgery Electronic medical records tend to be a part of a local stand-alone health information system that allows storage retrieval and manipulation of records
Using an EMR to read and write a patients record is not only possible through a workstation but depending on the type of system and health care settings may also be possible through mobile devices that are handwriting capable Electronic Medical Records may include access to Personal Health Records (PHR) which makes individual notes from a EMR readily visible and accessible for consumers
Advantages Rich text enabled content ICD10 Diagnostics and Smart
Medications Treatments and Billing Information Images and Videos
Medical FeaturesIntuitive User InterfacesPatient ManagementMedical Schedules and Medical CalendarsElectronic Medical Records - EMRMedical Billing SoftwareIntegrated Financial and Inventory SystemPatient FileMedical RegistryMedical Forms with QuestionnairesCustomize Export and Print Medical ReportsMedia Devices
Teamwork FeaturesShare with your Team within a
networkUnlimited DatabasesProtect and Secure your DataCross-Database Synchronization
Medical monitor
A medical monitor or physiological monitor or display is an electronic medical device that measures a patients vital signs and displays the data so obtained which may or may not be transmitted on a monitoring network Physiological data are displayed continuously on aCRT or LCD screen as data channels along the time axis They may be accompanied by numerical readouts of computed parameters on the original data such as maximum minimum and average values pulse and respiratory frequencies and so on
MonitorDefibrillators
These monitordefibrillators usually have the normal capabilities of an ICU monitor but have manual (and usually semi-automatic AED)defibrillation capability This is particular good for EMS services who need a compact easy to use monitor and defibrillator as well as for inter- or intrafacility patient transport
Monitors may be classified asHandheldPortableMonitorDefibrillator (usually portable)TabletopNetworkable non-networkableWired wireless data transmissionMains powered or mains + battery powered
Infusion pump
An infusion pump infuses fluids medication or nutrients into a patients circulatory system It is generally used intravenously althoughsubcutaneous arterial and epidural infusions are occasionally used
Infusion pumps can administer fluids in ways that would be impractically expensive or unreliable if performed manually by nursing staff For example they can administer as little as 01 mL per hour injections (too small for a drip) injections every minute injections with repeated boluses requested by the patient up to maximum number per hour (eg in patient-controlled analgesia) or fluids whose volumes vary by the time of day
Because they can also produce quite high but controlled pressures they can inject controlled amounts of fluids subcutaneously (beneath the skin) or epidurally (just within the surface of the central nervous system- a very popular local spinal anesthesia for childbirth)
Safety features available on some pumpsThe range of safety features varies widely with the age and make of the pump A state of the art pump in 2003 may have the following safety features Certified to have no single point of failure That is no single cause of
failure should cause the pump to silently fail to operate correctly It should at least stop pumping and make at least an audible error indication This is a minimum requirement on all human-rated infusion pumps of whatever age It is not required for veterinary infusion pumps
Batteries so the pump can operate if the power fails or is unplugged Anti-free-flow devices prevent blood from draining from the patient or
infusate from freely entering the patient when the infusion pump is being set-up
A down pressure sensor will detect when the patients vein is blocked or the line to the patient is kinked This may be configurable for high (subcutaneous and epidural) or low (venous) applications
An air-in-line detector A typical detector will use an ultrasonic transmitter and receiver to detect when air is being pumped Some pumps actually measure the volume and may even have configurable volumes from 01 to 2 ml of air None of these amounts can cause harm but sometimes the air can interfere with the infusion of a low-dose medicine
An up pressure sensor can detect when the bag or syringe is empty or even if the bag or syringe is being squeezed
A drug library with customizable programmable limits for individual drugs that that helps to avoid medication errors
Mechanisms to avoid uncontrolled flow of drugs in large volume pumps (often in combination with a giving st based free flow clamp) and increasingly also in syringe pumps (piston-brake)
Many pumps include an internal electronic log of the last several thousand therapy events These are usually tagged with the time and date from the pumps clock Usually erasing the log is a feature protected by a security code specifically to detect staff abuse of the pump or patient
Many makes of infusion pump can be configured to display only a small subset of features while they are operating in order to prevent tampering by patients untrained staff and visitors
Types of infusion The user interface of pumps usually requests details on the type of infusion
from the technician or nurse that sets them up Continuous infusion usually consists of small pulses of infusion usually
between 500 nanoliters and 10000 microliters depending on the pumps design with the rate of these pulses depending on the programmed infusion speed
Intermittent infusion has a high infusion rate alternating with a low programmable infusion rate to keep the cannula open The timings are programmable This mode is often used to administer antibiotics or other drugs that can irritate a blood vessel
Patient-controlled is infusion on-demand usually with a preprogrammed ceiling to avoid intoxication The rate is controlled by a pressure pad or button that can be activated by the patient It is the method of choice for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in which repeated small doses of opioid analgesics are delivered with the device coded to stop administration before a dose that may cause hazardous respiratory depression is reached
Total parenteral nutrition usually requires an infusion curve similar to normal mealtimes
Some pumps offer modes in which the amounts can be scaled or controlled based on the time of day This allows for circadian cycles which may be required for certain types of medication
Anesthetic machine
The anaesthetic machine (or anesthesia machine in America) is used by anaesthesiologists and Nurse anesthetists to support the administration of anaesthesia The most common type of anaesthetic machine in use in the developed world is the continuous-flow anaesthetic machine which is designed to provide an accurate and continuous supply of medical gases (such as oxygen and nitrous oxide) mixed with an accurate concentration of anaesthetic vapour (such as isoflurane) and deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure and flow Modern machines incorporate a ventilator suction unit and patient-monitoring devices
The original concept of Boyles machine was invented by the British anaesthetist HEG Boyle in 1917 Prior to this time anaesthetists often carried all their equipment with them but the development of heavy bulky cylinder storage and increasingly elaborate airway equipment meant that this was no longer practical for most circumstances The anaesthetic machine is usually mounted on anti-static wheels for convenient transportation
Safety features of modern machines
Based on experience gained from analysis of mishaps the modern anaesthetic machine incorporates several safety devices including
an oxygen failure alarm (also known as Oxygen Failure Warning Device or OFWD) In older machines this was a pneumatic device called a Ritchie whistle Newer machines have an electronic sensor
nitrous cut-off the flow of medical nitrous-oxide is dependent on oxygen pressure This is done at the regulator level In essence the nitrous-oxide regulator is a slave of the oxygen regulator
hypoxic-mixture alarms (hypoxy guards or ratio controllers) to prevent gas mixtures which contain less than 21 oxygen being delivered to the patient In modern machines it is impossible to deliver 100 nitrous oxide (or any hypoxic mixture) to the patient to breathe Oxygen is automatically added to the fresh gas flow even if the anaesthetist should attempt to deliver 100 nitrous oxide Ratio controllers usually operate on the penumatic principle or are chain linked Both are located on the rotameter assembly unless electronically controlled
ventilator alarms which warn of disconnection or high airway pressures
interlocks between the vaporisers preventing inadvertent administration of more than one volatile agent concurrently
alarms on all the above physiological monitorsthe Pin Index Safety System prevents cylinders being
accidentally connected to the wrong yokethe NIST (Non-Interchangeable Screw Thread) system for
pipeline gases which prevents piped gases from the wall being accidentally connected to the wrong inlet on the machine
pipeline gas hoses have non-interchangeable Schrader valve connectors which prevents hoses being accidentally plugged into the wrong wall socket
VERG-augmented anesthesia machine
Portable anesthesia
Group 6 Loiselle Ilano Queenie Layson Joana Mae Lazaro Ralph Kenneth Lazaro Dino Francis Lazo Nathaniel Mallari
Prepared by
Electronic medical recordElectronic medical record
An electronic medical record is usually a computerized legal medical record created in an organization that delivers care such as a hospital and doctors surgery Electronic medical records tend to be a part of a local stand-alone health information system that allows storage retrieval and manipulation of records
Using an EMR to read and write a patients record is not only possible through a workstation but depending on the type of system and health care settings may also be possible through mobile devices that are handwriting capable Electronic Medical Records may include access to Personal Health Records (PHR) which makes individual notes from a EMR readily visible and accessible for consumers
Advantages Rich text enabled content ICD10 Diagnostics and Smart
Medications Treatments and Billing Information Images and Videos
Medical FeaturesIntuitive User InterfacesPatient ManagementMedical Schedules and Medical CalendarsElectronic Medical Records - EMRMedical Billing SoftwareIntegrated Financial and Inventory SystemPatient FileMedical RegistryMedical Forms with QuestionnairesCustomize Export and Print Medical ReportsMedia Devices
Teamwork FeaturesShare with your Team within a
networkUnlimited DatabasesProtect and Secure your DataCross-Database Synchronization
Medical monitor
A medical monitor or physiological monitor or display is an electronic medical device that measures a patients vital signs and displays the data so obtained which may or may not be transmitted on a monitoring network Physiological data are displayed continuously on aCRT or LCD screen as data channels along the time axis They may be accompanied by numerical readouts of computed parameters on the original data such as maximum minimum and average values pulse and respiratory frequencies and so on
MonitorDefibrillators
These monitordefibrillators usually have the normal capabilities of an ICU monitor but have manual (and usually semi-automatic AED)defibrillation capability This is particular good for EMS services who need a compact easy to use monitor and defibrillator as well as for inter- or intrafacility patient transport
Monitors may be classified asHandheldPortableMonitorDefibrillator (usually portable)TabletopNetworkable non-networkableWired wireless data transmissionMains powered or mains + battery powered
Infusion pump
An infusion pump infuses fluids medication or nutrients into a patients circulatory system It is generally used intravenously althoughsubcutaneous arterial and epidural infusions are occasionally used
Infusion pumps can administer fluids in ways that would be impractically expensive or unreliable if performed manually by nursing staff For example they can administer as little as 01 mL per hour injections (too small for a drip) injections every minute injections with repeated boluses requested by the patient up to maximum number per hour (eg in patient-controlled analgesia) or fluids whose volumes vary by the time of day
Because they can also produce quite high but controlled pressures they can inject controlled amounts of fluids subcutaneously (beneath the skin) or epidurally (just within the surface of the central nervous system- a very popular local spinal anesthesia for childbirth)
Safety features available on some pumpsThe range of safety features varies widely with the age and make of the pump A state of the art pump in 2003 may have the following safety features Certified to have no single point of failure That is no single cause of
failure should cause the pump to silently fail to operate correctly It should at least stop pumping and make at least an audible error indication This is a minimum requirement on all human-rated infusion pumps of whatever age It is not required for veterinary infusion pumps
Batteries so the pump can operate if the power fails or is unplugged Anti-free-flow devices prevent blood from draining from the patient or
infusate from freely entering the patient when the infusion pump is being set-up
A down pressure sensor will detect when the patients vein is blocked or the line to the patient is kinked This may be configurable for high (subcutaneous and epidural) or low (venous) applications
An air-in-line detector A typical detector will use an ultrasonic transmitter and receiver to detect when air is being pumped Some pumps actually measure the volume and may even have configurable volumes from 01 to 2 ml of air None of these amounts can cause harm but sometimes the air can interfere with the infusion of a low-dose medicine
An up pressure sensor can detect when the bag or syringe is empty or even if the bag or syringe is being squeezed
A drug library with customizable programmable limits for individual drugs that that helps to avoid medication errors
Mechanisms to avoid uncontrolled flow of drugs in large volume pumps (often in combination with a giving st based free flow clamp) and increasingly also in syringe pumps (piston-brake)
Many pumps include an internal electronic log of the last several thousand therapy events These are usually tagged with the time and date from the pumps clock Usually erasing the log is a feature protected by a security code specifically to detect staff abuse of the pump or patient
Many makes of infusion pump can be configured to display only a small subset of features while they are operating in order to prevent tampering by patients untrained staff and visitors
Types of infusion The user interface of pumps usually requests details on the type of infusion
from the technician or nurse that sets them up Continuous infusion usually consists of small pulses of infusion usually
between 500 nanoliters and 10000 microliters depending on the pumps design with the rate of these pulses depending on the programmed infusion speed
Intermittent infusion has a high infusion rate alternating with a low programmable infusion rate to keep the cannula open The timings are programmable This mode is often used to administer antibiotics or other drugs that can irritate a blood vessel
Patient-controlled is infusion on-demand usually with a preprogrammed ceiling to avoid intoxication The rate is controlled by a pressure pad or button that can be activated by the patient It is the method of choice for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in which repeated small doses of opioid analgesics are delivered with the device coded to stop administration before a dose that may cause hazardous respiratory depression is reached
Total parenteral nutrition usually requires an infusion curve similar to normal mealtimes
Some pumps offer modes in which the amounts can be scaled or controlled based on the time of day This allows for circadian cycles which may be required for certain types of medication
Anesthetic machine
The anaesthetic machine (or anesthesia machine in America) is used by anaesthesiologists and Nurse anesthetists to support the administration of anaesthesia The most common type of anaesthetic machine in use in the developed world is the continuous-flow anaesthetic machine which is designed to provide an accurate and continuous supply of medical gases (such as oxygen and nitrous oxide) mixed with an accurate concentration of anaesthetic vapour (such as isoflurane) and deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure and flow Modern machines incorporate a ventilator suction unit and patient-monitoring devices
The original concept of Boyles machine was invented by the British anaesthetist HEG Boyle in 1917 Prior to this time anaesthetists often carried all their equipment with them but the development of heavy bulky cylinder storage and increasingly elaborate airway equipment meant that this was no longer practical for most circumstances The anaesthetic machine is usually mounted on anti-static wheels for convenient transportation
Safety features of modern machines
Based on experience gained from analysis of mishaps the modern anaesthetic machine incorporates several safety devices including
an oxygen failure alarm (also known as Oxygen Failure Warning Device or OFWD) In older machines this was a pneumatic device called a Ritchie whistle Newer machines have an electronic sensor
nitrous cut-off the flow of medical nitrous-oxide is dependent on oxygen pressure This is done at the regulator level In essence the nitrous-oxide regulator is a slave of the oxygen regulator
hypoxic-mixture alarms (hypoxy guards or ratio controllers) to prevent gas mixtures which contain less than 21 oxygen being delivered to the patient In modern machines it is impossible to deliver 100 nitrous oxide (or any hypoxic mixture) to the patient to breathe Oxygen is automatically added to the fresh gas flow even if the anaesthetist should attempt to deliver 100 nitrous oxide Ratio controllers usually operate on the penumatic principle or are chain linked Both are located on the rotameter assembly unless electronically controlled
ventilator alarms which warn of disconnection or high airway pressures
interlocks between the vaporisers preventing inadvertent administration of more than one volatile agent concurrently
alarms on all the above physiological monitorsthe Pin Index Safety System prevents cylinders being
accidentally connected to the wrong yokethe NIST (Non-Interchangeable Screw Thread) system for
pipeline gases which prevents piped gases from the wall being accidentally connected to the wrong inlet on the machine
pipeline gas hoses have non-interchangeable Schrader valve connectors which prevents hoses being accidentally plugged into the wrong wall socket
VERG-augmented anesthesia machine
Portable anesthesia
Group 6 Loiselle Ilano Queenie Layson Joana Mae Lazaro Ralph Kenneth Lazaro Dino Francis Lazo Nathaniel Mallari
Prepared by
An electronic medical record is usually a computerized legal medical record created in an organization that delivers care such as a hospital and doctors surgery Electronic medical records tend to be a part of a local stand-alone health information system that allows storage retrieval and manipulation of records
Using an EMR to read and write a patients record is not only possible through a workstation but depending on the type of system and health care settings may also be possible through mobile devices that are handwriting capable Electronic Medical Records may include access to Personal Health Records (PHR) which makes individual notes from a EMR readily visible and accessible for consumers
Advantages Rich text enabled content ICD10 Diagnostics and Smart
Medications Treatments and Billing Information Images and Videos
Medical FeaturesIntuitive User InterfacesPatient ManagementMedical Schedules and Medical CalendarsElectronic Medical Records - EMRMedical Billing SoftwareIntegrated Financial and Inventory SystemPatient FileMedical RegistryMedical Forms with QuestionnairesCustomize Export and Print Medical ReportsMedia Devices
Teamwork FeaturesShare with your Team within a
networkUnlimited DatabasesProtect and Secure your DataCross-Database Synchronization
Medical monitor
A medical monitor or physiological monitor or display is an electronic medical device that measures a patients vital signs and displays the data so obtained which may or may not be transmitted on a monitoring network Physiological data are displayed continuously on aCRT or LCD screen as data channels along the time axis They may be accompanied by numerical readouts of computed parameters on the original data such as maximum minimum and average values pulse and respiratory frequencies and so on
MonitorDefibrillators
These monitordefibrillators usually have the normal capabilities of an ICU monitor but have manual (and usually semi-automatic AED)defibrillation capability This is particular good for EMS services who need a compact easy to use monitor and defibrillator as well as for inter- or intrafacility patient transport
Monitors may be classified asHandheldPortableMonitorDefibrillator (usually portable)TabletopNetworkable non-networkableWired wireless data transmissionMains powered or mains + battery powered
Infusion pump
An infusion pump infuses fluids medication or nutrients into a patients circulatory system It is generally used intravenously althoughsubcutaneous arterial and epidural infusions are occasionally used
Infusion pumps can administer fluids in ways that would be impractically expensive or unreliable if performed manually by nursing staff For example they can administer as little as 01 mL per hour injections (too small for a drip) injections every minute injections with repeated boluses requested by the patient up to maximum number per hour (eg in patient-controlled analgesia) or fluids whose volumes vary by the time of day
Because they can also produce quite high but controlled pressures they can inject controlled amounts of fluids subcutaneously (beneath the skin) or epidurally (just within the surface of the central nervous system- a very popular local spinal anesthesia for childbirth)
Safety features available on some pumpsThe range of safety features varies widely with the age and make of the pump A state of the art pump in 2003 may have the following safety features Certified to have no single point of failure That is no single cause of
failure should cause the pump to silently fail to operate correctly It should at least stop pumping and make at least an audible error indication This is a minimum requirement on all human-rated infusion pumps of whatever age It is not required for veterinary infusion pumps
Batteries so the pump can operate if the power fails or is unplugged Anti-free-flow devices prevent blood from draining from the patient or
infusate from freely entering the patient when the infusion pump is being set-up
A down pressure sensor will detect when the patients vein is blocked or the line to the patient is kinked This may be configurable for high (subcutaneous and epidural) or low (venous) applications
An air-in-line detector A typical detector will use an ultrasonic transmitter and receiver to detect when air is being pumped Some pumps actually measure the volume and may even have configurable volumes from 01 to 2 ml of air None of these amounts can cause harm but sometimes the air can interfere with the infusion of a low-dose medicine
An up pressure sensor can detect when the bag or syringe is empty or even if the bag or syringe is being squeezed
A drug library with customizable programmable limits for individual drugs that that helps to avoid medication errors
Mechanisms to avoid uncontrolled flow of drugs in large volume pumps (often in combination with a giving st based free flow clamp) and increasingly also in syringe pumps (piston-brake)
Many pumps include an internal electronic log of the last several thousand therapy events These are usually tagged with the time and date from the pumps clock Usually erasing the log is a feature protected by a security code specifically to detect staff abuse of the pump or patient
Many makes of infusion pump can be configured to display only a small subset of features while they are operating in order to prevent tampering by patients untrained staff and visitors
Types of infusion The user interface of pumps usually requests details on the type of infusion
from the technician or nurse that sets them up Continuous infusion usually consists of small pulses of infusion usually
between 500 nanoliters and 10000 microliters depending on the pumps design with the rate of these pulses depending on the programmed infusion speed
Intermittent infusion has a high infusion rate alternating with a low programmable infusion rate to keep the cannula open The timings are programmable This mode is often used to administer antibiotics or other drugs that can irritate a blood vessel
Patient-controlled is infusion on-demand usually with a preprogrammed ceiling to avoid intoxication The rate is controlled by a pressure pad or button that can be activated by the patient It is the method of choice for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in which repeated small doses of opioid analgesics are delivered with the device coded to stop administration before a dose that may cause hazardous respiratory depression is reached
Total parenteral nutrition usually requires an infusion curve similar to normal mealtimes
Some pumps offer modes in which the amounts can be scaled or controlled based on the time of day This allows for circadian cycles which may be required for certain types of medication
Anesthetic machine
The anaesthetic machine (or anesthesia machine in America) is used by anaesthesiologists and Nurse anesthetists to support the administration of anaesthesia The most common type of anaesthetic machine in use in the developed world is the continuous-flow anaesthetic machine which is designed to provide an accurate and continuous supply of medical gases (such as oxygen and nitrous oxide) mixed with an accurate concentration of anaesthetic vapour (such as isoflurane) and deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure and flow Modern machines incorporate a ventilator suction unit and patient-monitoring devices
The original concept of Boyles machine was invented by the British anaesthetist HEG Boyle in 1917 Prior to this time anaesthetists often carried all their equipment with them but the development of heavy bulky cylinder storage and increasingly elaborate airway equipment meant that this was no longer practical for most circumstances The anaesthetic machine is usually mounted on anti-static wheels for convenient transportation
Safety features of modern machines
Based on experience gained from analysis of mishaps the modern anaesthetic machine incorporates several safety devices including
an oxygen failure alarm (also known as Oxygen Failure Warning Device or OFWD) In older machines this was a pneumatic device called a Ritchie whistle Newer machines have an electronic sensor
nitrous cut-off the flow of medical nitrous-oxide is dependent on oxygen pressure This is done at the regulator level In essence the nitrous-oxide regulator is a slave of the oxygen regulator
hypoxic-mixture alarms (hypoxy guards or ratio controllers) to prevent gas mixtures which contain less than 21 oxygen being delivered to the patient In modern machines it is impossible to deliver 100 nitrous oxide (or any hypoxic mixture) to the patient to breathe Oxygen is automatically added to the fresh gas flow even if the anaesthetist should attempt to deliver 100 nitrous oxide Ratio controllers usually operate on the penumatic principle or are chain linked Both are located on the rotameter assembly unless electronically controlled
ventilator alarms which warn of disconnection or high airway pressures
interlocks between the vaporisers preventing inadvertent administration of more than one volatile agent concurrently
alarms on all the above physiological monitorsthe Pin Index Safety System prevents cylinders being
accidentally connected to the wrong yokethe NIST (Non-Interchangeable Screw Thread) system for
pipeline gases which prevents piped gases from the wall being accidentally connected to the wrong inlet on the machine
pipeline gas hoses have non-interchangeable Schrader valve connectors which prevents hoses being accidentally plugged into the wrong wall socket
VERG-augmented anesthesia machine
Portable anesthesia
Group 6 Loiselle Ilano Queenie Layson Joana Mae Lazaro Ralph Kenneth Lazaro Dino Francis Lazo Nathaniel Mallari
Prepared by
Using an EMR to read and write a patients record is not only possible through a workstation but depending on the type of system and health care settings may also be possible through mobile devices that are handwriting capable Electronic Medical Records may include access to Personal Health Records (PHR) which makes individual notes from a EMR readily visible and accessible for consumers
Advantages Rich text enabled content ICD10 Diagnostics and Smart
Medications Treatments and Billing Information Images and Videos
Medical FeaturesIntuitive User InterfacesPatient ManagementMedical Schedules and Medical CalendarsElectronic Medical Records - EMRMedical Billing SoftwareIntegrated Financial and Inventory SystemPatient FileMedical RegistryMedical Forms with QuestionnairesCustomize Export and Print Medical ReportsMedia Devices
Teamwork FeaturesShare with your Team within a
networkUnlimited DatabasesProtect and Secure your DataCross-Database Synchronization
Medical monitor
A medical monitor or physiological monitor or display is an electronic medical device that measures a patients vital signs and displays the data so obtained which may or may not be transmitted on a monitoring network Physiological data are displayed continuously on aCRT or LCD screen as data channels along the time axis They may be accompanied by numerical readouts of computed parameters on the original data such as maximum minimum and average values pulse and respiratory frequencies and so on
MonitorDefibrillators
These monitordefibrillators usually have the normal capabilities of an ICU monitor but have manual (and usually semi-automatic AED)defibrillation capability This is particular good for EMS services who need a compact easy to use monitor and defibrillator as well as for inter- or intrafacility patient transport
Monitors may be classified asHandheldPortableMonitorDefibrillator (usually portable)TabletopNetworkable non-networkableWired wireless data transmissionMains powered or mains + battery powered
Infusion pump
An infusion pump infuses fluids medication or nutrients into a patients circulatory system It is generally used intravenously althoughsubcutaneous arterial and epidural infusions are occasionally used
Infusion pumps can administer fluids in ways that would be impractically expensive or unreliable if performed manually by nursing staff For example they can administer as little as 01 mL per hour injections (too small for a drip) injections every minute injections with repeated boluses requested by the patient up to maximum number per hour (eg in patient-controlled analgesia) or fluids whose volumes vary by the time of day
Because they can also produce quite high but controlled pressures they can inject controlled amounts of fluids subcutaneously (beneath the skin) or epidurally (just within the surface of the central nervous system- a very popular local spinal anesthesia for childbirth)
Safety features available on some pumpsThe range of safety features varies widely with the age and make of the pump A state of the art pump in 2003 may have the following safety features Certified to have no single point of failure That is no single cause of
failure should cause the pump to silently fail to operate correctly It should at least stop pumping and make at least an audible error indication This is a minimum requirement on all human-rated infusion pumps of whatever age It is not required for veterinary infusion pumps
Batteries so the pump can operate if the power fails or is unplugged Anti-free-flow devices prevent blood from draining from the patient or
infusate from freely entering the patient when the infusion pump is being set-up
A down pressure sensor will detect when the patients vein is blocked or the line to the patient is kinked This may be configurable for high (subcutaneous and epidural) or low (venous) applications
An air-in-line detector A typical detector will use an ultrasonic transmitter and receiver to detect when air is being pumped Some pumps actually measure the volume and may even have configurable volumes from 01 to 2 ml of air None of these amounts can cause harm but sometimes the air can interfere with the infusion of a low-dose medicine
An up pressure sensor can detect when the bag or syringe is empty or even if the bag or syringe is being squeezed
A drug library with customizable programmable limits for individual drugs that that helps to avoid medication errors
Mechanisms to avoid uncontrolled flow of drugs in large volume pumps (often in combination with a giving st based free flow clamp) and increasingly also in syringe pumps (piston-brake)
Many pumps include an internal electronic log of the last several thousand therapy events These are usually tagged with the time and date from the pumps clock Usually erasing the log is a feature protected by a security code specifically to detect staff abuse of the pump or patient
Many makes of infusion pump can be configured to display only a small subset of features while they are operating in order to prevent tampering by patients untrained staff and visitors
Types of infusion The user interface of pumps usually requests details on the type of infusion
from the technician or nurse that sets them up Continuous infusion usually consists of small pulses of infusion usually
between 500 nanoliters and 10000 microliters depending on the pumps design with the rate of these pulses depending on the programmed infusion speed
Intermittent infusion has a high infusion rate alternating with a low programmable infusion rate to keep the cannula open The timings are programmable This mode is often used to administer antibiotics or other drugs that can irritate a blood vessel
Patient-controlled is infusion on-demand usually with a preprogrammed ceiling to avoid intoxication The rate is controlled by a pressure pad or button that can be activated by the patient It is the method of choice for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in which repeated small doses of opioid analgesics are delivered with the device coded to stop administration before a dose that may cause hazardous respiratory depression is reached
Total parenteral nutrition usually requires an infusion curve similar to normal mealtimes
Some pumps offer modes in which the amounts can be scaled or controlled based on the time of day This allows for circadian cycles which may be required for certain types of medication
Anesthetic machine
The anaesthetic machine (or anesthesia machine in America) is used by anaesthesiologists and Nurse anesthetists to support the administration of anaesthesia The most common type of anaesthetic machine in use in the developed world is the continuous-flow anaesthetic machine which is designed to provide an accurate and continuous supply of medical gases (such as oxygen and nitrous oxide) mixed with an accurate concentration of anaesthetic vapour (such as isoflurane) and deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure and flow Modern machines incorporate a ventilator suction unit and patient-monitoring devices
The original concept of Boyles machine was invented by the British anaesthetist HEG Boyle in 1917 Prior to this time anaesthetists often carried all their equipment with them but the development of heavy bulky cylinder storage and increasingly elaborate airway equipment meant that this was no longer practical for most circumstances The anaesthetic machine is usually mounted on anti-static wheels for convenient transportation
Safety features of modern machines
Based on experience gained from analysis of mishaps the modern anaesthetic machine incorporates several safety devices including
an oxygen failure alarm (also known as Oxygen Failure Warning Device or OFWD) In older machines this was a pneumatic device called a Ritchie whistle Newer machines have an electronic sensor
nitrous cut-off the flow of medical nitrous-oxide is dependent on oxygen pressure This is done at the regulator level In essence the nitrous-oxide regulator is a slave of the oxygen regulator
hypoxic-mixture alarms (hypoxy guards or ratio controllers) to prevent gas mixtures which contain less than 21 oxygen being delivered to the patient In modern machines it is impossible to deliver 100 nitrous oxide (or any hypoxic mixture) to the patient to breathe Oxygen is automatically added to the fresh gas flow even if the anaesthetist should attempt to deliver 100 nitrous oxide Ratio controllers usually operate on the penumatic principle or are chain linked Both are located on the rotameter assembly unless electronically controlled
ventilator alarms which warn of disconnection or high airway pressures
interlocks between the vaporisers preventing inadvertent administration of more than one volatile agent concurrently
alarms on all the above physiological monitorsthe Pin Index Safety System prevents cylinders being
accidentally connected to the wrong yokethe NIST (Non-Interchangeable Screw Thread) system for
pipeline gases which prevents piped gases from the wall being accidentally connected to the wrong inlet on the machine
pipeline gas hoses have non-interchangeable Schrader valve connectors which prevents hoses being accidentally plugged into the wrong wall socket
VERG-augmented anesthesia machine
Portable anesthesia
Group 6 Loiselle Ilano Queenie Layson Joana Mae Lazaro Ralph Kenneth Lazaro Dino Francis Lazo Nathaniel Mallari
Prepared by
Advantages Rich text enabled content ICD10 Diagnostics and Smart
Medications Treatments and Billing Information Images and Videos
Medical FeaturesIntuitive User InterfacesPatient ManagementMedical Schedules and Medical CalendarsElectronic Medical Records - EMRMedical Billing SoftwareIntegrated Financial and Inventory SystemPatient FileMedical RegistryMedical Forms with QuestionnairesCustomize Export and Print Medical ReportsMedia Devices
Teamwork FeaturesShare with your Team within a
networkUnlimited DatabasesProtect and Secure your DataCross-Database Synchronization
Medical monitor
A medical monitor or physiological monitor or display is an electronic medical device that measures a patients vital signs and displays the data so obtained which may or may not be transmitted on a monitoring network Physiological data are displayed continuously on aCRT or LCD screen as data channels along the time axis They may be accompanied by numerical readouts of computed parameters on the original data such as maximum minimum and average values pulse and respiratory frequencies and so on
MonitorDefibrillators
These monitordefibrillators usually have the normal capabilities of an ICU monitor but have manual (and usually semi-automatic AED)defibrillation capability This is particular good for EMS services who need a compact easy to use monitor and defibrillator as well as for inter- or intrafacility patient transport
Monitors may be classified asHandheldPortableMonitorDefibrillator (usually portable)TabletopNetworkable non-networkableWired wireless data transmissionMains powered or mains + battery powered
Infusion pump
An infusion pump infuses fluids medication or nutrients into a patients circulatory system It is generally used intravenously althoughsubcutaneous arterial and epidural infusions are occasionally used
Infusion pumps can administer fluids in ways that would be impractically expensive or unreliable if performed manually by nursing staff For example they can administer as little as 01 mL per hour injections (too small for a drip) injections every minute injections with repeated boluses requested by the patient up to maximum number per hour (eg in patient-controlled analgesia) or fluids whose volumes vary by the time of day
Because they can also produce quite high but controlled pressures they can inject controlled amounts of fluids subcutaneously (beneath the skin) or epidurally (just within the surface of the central nervous system- a very popular local spinal anesthesia for childbirth)
Safety features available on some pumpsThe range of safety features varies widely with the age and make of the pump A state of the art pump in 2003 may have the following safety features Certified to have no single point of failure That is no single cause of
failure should cause the pump to silently fail to operate correctly It should at least stop pumping and make at least an audible error indication This is a minimum requirement on all human-rated infusion pumps of whatever age It is not required for veterinary infusion pumps
Batteries so the pump can operate if the power fails or is unplugged Anti-free-flow devices prevent blood from draining from the patient or
infusate from freely entering the patient when the infusion pump is being set-up
A down pressure sensor will detect when the patients vein is blocked or the line to the patient is kinked This may be configurable for high (subcutaneous and epidural) or low (venous) applications
An air-in-line detector A typical detector will use an ultrasonic transmitter and receiver to detect when air is being pumped Some pumps actually measure the volume and may even have configurable volumes from 01 to 2 ml of air None of these amounts can cause harm but sometimes the air can interfere with the infusion of a low-dose medicine
An up pressure sensor can detect when the bag or syringe is empty or even if the bag or syringe is being squeezed
A drug library with customizable programmable limits for individual drugs that that helps to avoid medication errors
Mechanisms to avoid uncontrolled flow of drugs in large volume pumps (often in combination with a giving st based free flow clamp) and increasingly also in syringe pumps (piston-brake)
Many pumps include an internal electronic log of the last several thousand therapy events These are usually tagged with the time and date from the pumps clock Usually erasing the log is a feature protected by a security code specifically to detect staff abuse of the pump or patient
Many makes of infusion pump can be configured to display only a small subset of features while they are operating in order to prevent tampering by patients untrained staff and visitors
Types of infusion The user interface of pumps usually requests details on the type of infusion
from the technician or nurse that sets them up Continuous infusion usually consists of small pulses of infusion usually
between 500 nanoliters and 10000 microliters depending on the pumps design with the rate of these pulses depending on the programmed infusion speed
Intermittent infusion has a high infusion rate alternating with a low programmable infusion rate to keep the cannula open The timings are programmable This mode is often used to administer antibiotics or other drugs that can irritate a blood vessel
Patient-controlled is infusion on-demand usually with a preprogrammed ceiling to avoid intoxication The rate is controlled by a pressure pad or button that can be activated by the patient It is the method of choice for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in which repeated small doses of opioid analgesics are delivered with the device coded to stop administration before a dose that may cause hazardous respiratory depression is reached
Total parenteral nutrition usually requires an infusion curve similar to normal mealtimes
Some pumps offer modes in which the amounts can be scaled or controlled based on the time of day This allows for circadian cycles which may be required for certain types of medication
Anesthetic machine
The anaesthetic machine (or anesthesia machine in America) is used by anaesthesiologists and Nurse anesthetists to support the administration of anaesthesia The most common type of anaesthetic machine in use in the developed world is the continuous-flow anaesthetic machine which is designed to provide an accurate and continuous supply of medical gases (such as oxygen and nitrous oxide) mixed with an accurate concentration of anaesthetic vapour (such as isoflurane) and deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure and flow Modern machines incorporate a ventilator suction unit and patient-monitoring devices
The original concept of Boyles machine was invented by the British anaesthetist HEG Boyle in 1917 Prior to this time anaesthetists often carried all their equipment with them but the development of heavy bulky cylinder storage and increasingly elaborate airway equipment meant that this was no longer practical for most circumstances The anaesthetic machine is usually mounted on anti-static wheels for convenient transportation
Safety features of modern machines
Based on experience gained from analysis of mishaps the modern anaesthetic machine incorporates several safety devices including
an oxygen failure alarm (also known as Oxygen Failure Warning Device or OFWD) In older machines this was a pneumatic device called a Ritchie whistle Newer machines have an electronic sensor
nitrous cut-off the flow of medical nitrous-oxide is dependent on oxygen pressure This is done at the regulator level In essence the nitrous-oxide regulator is a slave of the oxygen regulator
hypoxic-mixture alarms (hypoxy guards or ratio controllers) to prevent gas mixtures which contain less than 21 oxygen being delivered to the patient In modern machines it is impossible to deliver 100 nitrous oxide (or any hypoxic mixture) to the patient to breathe Oxygen is automatically added to the fresh gas flow even if the anaesthetist should attempt to deliver 100 nitrous oxide Ratio controllers usually operate on the penumatic principle or are chain linked Both are located on the rotameter assembly unless electronically controlled
ventilator alarms which warn of disconnection or high airway pressures
interlocks between the vaporisers preventing inadvertent administration of more than one volatile agent concurrently
alarms on all the above physiological monitorsthe Pin Index Safety System prevents cylinders being
accidentally connected to the wrong yokethe NIST (Non-Interchangeable Screw Thread) system for
pipeline gases which prevents piped gases from the wall being accidentally connected to the wrong inlet on the machine
pipeline gas hoses have non-interchangeable Schrader valve connectors which prevents hoses being accidentally plugged into the wrong wall socket
VERG-augmented anesthesia machine
Portable anesthesia
Group 6 Loiselle Ilano Queenie Layson Joana Mae Lazaro Ralph Kenneth Lazaro Dino Francis Lazo Nathaniel Mallari
Prepared by
Medical FeaturesIntuitive User InterfacesPatient ManagementMedical Schedules and Medical CalendarsElectronic Medical Records - EMRMedical Billing SoftwareIntegrated Financial and Inventory SystemPatient FileMedical RegistryMedical Forms with QuestionnairesCustomize Export and Print Medical ReportsMedia Devices
Teamwork FeaturesShare with your Team within a
networkUnlimited DatabasesProtect and Secure your DataCross-Database Synchronization
Medical monitor
A medical monitor or physiological monitor or display is an electronic medical device that measures a patients vital signs and displays the data so obtained which may or may not be transmitted on a monitoring network Physiological data are displayed continuously on aCRT or LCD screen as data channels along the time axis They may be accompanied by numerical readouts of computed parameters on the original data such as maximum minimum and average values pulse and respiratory frequencies and so on
MonitorDefibrillators
These monitordefibrillators usually have the normal capabilities of an ICU monitor but have manual (and usually semi-automatic AED)defibrillation capability This is particular good for EMS services who need a compact easy to use monitor and defibrillator as well as for inter- or intrafacility patient transport
Monitors may be classified asHandheldPortableMonitorDefibrillator (usually portable)TabletopNetworkable non-networkableWired wireless data transmissionMains powered or mains + battery powered
Infusion pump
An infusion pump infuses fluids medication or nutrients into a patients circulatory system It is generally used intravenously althoughsubcutaneous arterial and epidural infusions are occasionally used
Infusion pumps can administer fluids in ways that would be impractically expensive or unreliable if performed manually by nursing staff For example they can administer as little as 01 mL per hour injections (too small for a drip) injections every minute injections with repeated boluses requested by the patient up to maximum number per hour (eg in patient-controlled analgesia) or fluids whose volumes vary by the time of day
Because they can also produce quite high but controlled pressures they can inject controlled amounts of fluids subcutaneously (beneath the skin) or epidurally (just within the surface of the central nervous system- a very popular local spinal anesthesia for childbirth)
Safety features available on some pumpsThe range of safety features varies widely with the age and make of the pump A state of the art pump in 2003 may have the following safety features Certified to have no single point of failure That is no single cause of
failure should cause the pump to silently fail to operate correctly It should at least stop pumping and make at least an audible error indication This is a minimum requirement on all human-rated infusion pumps of whatever age It is not required for veterinary infusion pumps
Batteries so the pump can operate if the power fails or is unplugged Anti-free-flow devices prevent blood from draining from the patient or
infusate from freely entering the patient when the infusion pump is being set-up
A down pressure sensor will detect when the patients vein is blocked or the line to the patient is kinked This may be configurable for high (subcutaneous and epidural) or low (venous) applications
An air-in-line detector A typical detector will use an ultrasonic transmitter and receiver to detect when air is being pumped Some pumps actually measure the volume and may even have configurable volumes from 01 to 2 ml of air None of these amounts can cause harm but sometimes the air can interfere with the infusion of a low-dose medicine
An up pressure sensor can detect when the bag or syringe is empty or even if the bag or syringe is being squeezed
A drug library with customizable programmable limits for individual drugs that that helps to avoid medication errors
Mechanisms to avoid uncontrolled flow of drugs in large volume pumps (often in combination with a giving st based free flow clamp) and increasingly also in syringe pumps (piston-brake)
Many pumps include an internal electronic log of the last several thousand therapy events These are usually tagged with the time and date from the pumps clock Usually erasing the log is a feature protected by a security code specifically to detect staff abuse of the pump or patient
Many makes of infusion pump can be configured to display only a small subset of features while they are operating in order to prevent tampering by patients untrained staff and visitors
Types of infusion The user interface of pumps usually requests details on the type of infusion
from the technician or nurse that sets them up Continuous infusion usually consists of small pulses of infusion usually
between 500 nanoliters and 10000 microliters depending on the pumps design with the rate of these pulses depending on the programmed infusion speed
Intermittent infusion has a high infusion rate alternating with a low programmable infusion rate to keep the cannula open The timings are programmable This mode is often used to administer antibiotics or other drugs that can irritate a blood vessel
Patient-controlled is infusion on-demand usually with a preprogrammed ceiling to avoid intoxication The rate is controlled by a pressure pad or button that can be activated by the patient It is the method of choice for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in which repeated small doses of opioid analgesics are delivered with the device coded to stop administration before a dose that may cause hazardous respiratory depression is reached
Total parenteral nutrition usually requires an infusion curve similar to normal mealtimes
Some pumps offer modes in which the amounts can be scaled or controlled based on the time of day This allows for circadian cycles which may be required for certain types of medication
Anesthetic machine
The anaesthetic machine (or anesthesia machine in America) is used by anaesthesiologists and Nurse anesthetists to support the administration of anaesthesia The most common type of anaesthetic machine in use in the developed world is the continuous-flow anaesthetic machine which is designed to provide an accurate and continuous supply of medical gases (such as oxygen and nitrous oxide) mixed with an accurate concentration of anaesthetic vapour (such as isoflurane) and deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure and flow Modern machines incorporate a ventilator suction unit and patient-monitoring devices
The original concept of Boyles machine was invented by the British anaesthetist HEG Boyle in 1917 Prior to this time anaesthetists often carried all their equipment with them but the development of heavy bulky cylinder storage and increasingly elaborate airway equipment meant that this was no longer practical for most circumstances The anaesthetic machine is usually mounted on anti-static wheels for convenient transportation
Safety features of modern machines
Based on experience gained from analysis of mishaps the modern anaesthetic machine incorporates several safety devices including
an oxygen failure alarm (also known as Oxygen Failure Warning Device or OFWD) In older machines this was a pneumatic device called a Ritchie whistle Newer machines have an electronic sensor
nitrous cut-off the flow of medical nitrous-oxide is dependent on oxygen pressure This is done at the regulator level In essence the nitrous-oxide regulator is a slave of the oxygen regulator
hypoxic-mixture alarms (hypoxy guards or ratio controllers) to prevent gas mixtures which contain less than 21 oxygen being delivered to the patient In modern machines it is impossible to deliver 100 nitrous oxide (or any hypoxic mixture) to the patient to breathe Oxygen is automatically added to the fresh gas flow even if the anaesthetist should attempt to deliver 100 nitrous oxide Ratio controllers usually operate on the penumatic principle or are chain linked Both are located on the rotameter assembly unless electronically controlled
ventilator alarms which warn of disconnection or high airway pressures
interlocks between the vaporisers preventing inadvertent administration of more than one volatile agent concurrently
alarms on all the above physiological monitorsthe Pin Index Safety System prevents cylinders being
accidentally connected to the wrong yokethe NIST (Non-Interchangeable Screw Thread) system for
pipeline gases which prevents piped gases from the wall being accidentally connected to the wrong inlet on the machine
pipeline gas hoses have non-interchangeable Schrader valve connectors which prevents hoses being accidentally plugged into the wrong wall socket
VERG-augmented anesthesia machine
Portable anesthesia
Group 6 Loiselle Ilano Queenie Layson Joana Mae Lazaro Ralph Kenneth Lazaro Dino Francis Lazo Nathaniel Mallari
Prepared by
Teamwork FeaturesShare with your Team within a
networkUnlimited DatabasesProtect and Secure your DataCross-Database Synchronization
Medical monitor
A medical monitor or physiological monitor or display is an electronic medical device that measures a patients vital signs and displays the data so obtained which may or may not be transmitted on a monitoring network Physiological data are displayed continuously on aCRT or LCD screen as data channels along the time axis They may be accompanied by numerical readouts of computed parameters on the original data such as maximum minimum and average values pulse and respiratory frequencies and so on
MonitorDefibrillators
These monitordefibrillators usually have the normal capabilities of an ICU monitor but have manual (and usually semi-automatic AED)defibrillation capability This is particular good for EMS services who need a compact easy to use monitor and defibrillator as well as for inter- or intrafacility patient transport
Monitors may be classified asHandheldPortableMonitorDefibrillator (usually portable)TabletopNetworkable non-networkableWired wireless data transmissionMains powered or mains + battery powered
Infusion pump
An infusion pump infuses fluids medication or nutrients into a patients circulatory system It is generally used intravenously althoughsubcutaneous arterial and epidural infusions are occasionally used
Infusion pumps can administer fluids in ways that would be impractically expensive or unreliable if performed manually by nursing staff For example they can administer as little as 01 mL per hour injections (too small for a drip) injections every minute injections with repeated boluses requested by the patient up to maximum number per hour (eg in patient-controlled analgesia) or fluids whose volumes vary by the time of day
Because they can also produce quite high but controlled pressures they can inject controlled amounts of fluids subcutaneously (beneath the skin) or epidurally (just within the surface of the central nervous system- a very popular local spinal anesthesia for childbirth)
Safety features available on some pumpsThe range of safety features varies widely with the age and make of the pump A state of the art pump in 2003 may have the following safety features Certified to have no single point of failure That is no single cause of
failure should cause the pump to silently fail to operate correctly It should at least stop pumping and make at least an audible error indication This is a minimum requirement on all human-rated infusion pumps of whatever age It is not required for veterinary infusion pumps
Batteries so the pump can operate if the power fails or is unplugged Anti-free-flow devices prevent blood from draining from the patient or
infusate from freely entering the patient when the infusion pump is being set-up
A down pressure sensor will detect when the patients vein is blocked or the line to the patient is kinked This may be configurable for high (subcutaneous and epidural) or low (venous) applications
An air-in-line detector A typical detector will use an ultrasonic transmitter and receiver to detect when air is being pumped Some pumps actually measure the volume and may even have configurable volumes from 01 to 2 ml of air None of these amounts can cause harm but sometimes the air can interfere with the infusion of a low-dose medicine
An up pressure sensor can detect when the bag or syringe is empty or even if the bag or syringe is being squeezed
A drug library with customizable programmable limits for individual drugs that that helps to avoid medication errors
Mechanisms to avoid uncontrolled flow of drugs in large volume pumps (often in combination with a giving st based free flow clamp) and increasingly also in syringe pumps (piston-brake)
Many pumps include an internal electronic log of the last several thousand therapy events These are usually tagged with the time and date from the pumps clock Usually erasing the log is a feature protected by a security code specifically to detect staff abuse of the pump or patient
Many makes of infusion pump can be configured to display only a small subset of features while they are operating in order to prevent tampering by patients untrained staff and visitors
Types of infusion The user interface of pumps usually requests details on the type of infusion
from the technician or nurse that sets them up Continuous infusion usually consists of small pulses of infusion usually
between 500 nanoliters and 10000 microliters depending on the pumps design with the rate of these pulses depending on the programmed infusion speed
Intermittent infusion has a high infusion rate alternating with a low programmable infusion rate to keep the cannula open The timings are programmable This mode is often used to administer antibiotics or other drugs that can irritate a blood vessel
Patient-controlled is infusion on-demand usually with a preprogrammed ceiling to avoid intoxication The rate is controlled by a pressure pad or button that can be activated by the patient It is the method of choice for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in which repeated small doses of opioid analgesics are delivered with the device coded to stop administration before a dose that may cause hazardous respiratory depression is reached
Total parenteral nutrition usually requires an infusion curve similar to normal mealtimes
Some pumps offer modes in which the amounts can be scaled or controlled based on the time of day This allows for circadian cycles which may be required for certain types of medication
Anesthetic machine
The anaesthetic machine (or anesthesia machine in America) is used by anaesthesiologists and Nurse anesthetists to support the administration of anaesthesia The most common type of anaesthetic machine in use in the developed world is the continuous-flow anaesthetic machine which is designed to provide an accurate and continuous supply of medical gases (such as oxygen and nitrous oxide) mixed with an accurate concentration of anaesthetic vapour (such as isoflurane) and deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure and flow Modern machines incorporate a ventilator suction unit and patient-monitoring devices
The original concept of Boyles machine was invented by the British anaesthetist HEG Boyle in 1917 Prior to this time anaesthetists often carried all their equipment with them but the development of heavy bulky cylinder storage and increasingly elaborate airway equipment meant that this was no longer practical for most circumstances The anaesthetic machine is usually mounted on anti-static wheels for convenient transportation
Safety features of modern machines
Based on experience gained from analysis of mishaps the modern anaesthetic machine incorporates several safety devices including
an oxygen failure alarm (also known as Oxygen Failure Warning Device or OFWD) In older machines this was a pneumatic device called a Ritchie whistle Newer machines have an electronic sensor
nitrous cut-off the flow of medical nitrous-oxide is dependent on oxygen pressure This is done at the regulator level In essence the nitrous-oxide regulator is a slave of the oxygen regulator
hypoxic-mixture alarms (hypoxy guards or ratio controllers) to prevent gas mixtures which contain less than 21 oxygen being delivered to the patient In modern machines it is impossible to deliver 100 nitrous oxide (or any hypoxic mixture) to the patient to breathe Oxygen is automatically added to the fresh gas flow even if the anaesthetist should attempt to deliver 100 nitrous oxide Ratio controllers usually operate on the penumatic principle or are chain linked Both are located on the rotameter assembly unless electronically controlled
ventilator alarms which warn of disconnection or high airway pressures
interlocks between the vaporisers preventing inadvertent administration of more than one volatile agent concurrently
alarms on all the above physiological monitorsthe Pin Index Safety System prevents cylinders being
accidentally connected to the wrong yokethe NIST (Non-Interchangeable Screw Thread) system for
pipeline gases which prevents piped gases from the wall being accidentally connected to the wrong inlet on the machine
pipeline gas hoses have non-interchangeable Schrader valve connectors which prevents hoses being accidentally plugged into the wrong wall socket
VERG-augmented anesthesia machine
Portable anesthesia
Group 6 Loiselle Ilano Queenie Layson Joana Mae Lazaro Ralph Kenneth Lazaro Dino Francis Lazo Nathaniel Mallari
Prepared by
Medical monitor
A medical monitor or physiological monitor or display is an electronic medical device that measures a patients vital signs and displays the data so obtained which may or may not be transmitted on a monitoring network Physiological data are displayed continuously on aCRT or LCD screen as data channels along the time axis They may be accompanied by numerical readouts of computed parameters on the original data such as maximum minimum and average values pulse and respiratory frequencies and so on
MonitorDefibrillators
These monitordefibrillators usually have the normal capabilities of an ICU monitor but have manual (and usually semi-automatic AED)defibrillation capability This is particular good for EMS services who need a compact easy to use monitor and defibrillator as well as for inter- or intrafacility patient transport
Monitors may be classified asHandheldPortableMonitorDefibrillator (usually portable)TabletopNetworkable non-networkableWired wireless data transmissionMains powered or mains + battery powered
Infusion pump
An infusion pump infuses fluids medication or nutrients into a patients circulatory system It is generally used intravenously althoughsubcutaneous arterial and epidural infusions are occasionally used
Infusion pumps can administer fluids in ways that would be impractically expensive or unreliable if performed manually by nursing staff For example they can administer as little as 01 mL per hour injections (too small for a drip) injections every minute injections with repeated boluses requested by the patient up to maximum number per hour (eg in patient-controlled analgesia) or fluids whose volumes vary by the time of day
Because they can also produce quite high but controlled pressures they can inject controlled amounts of fluids subcutaneously (beneath the skin) or epidurally (just within the surface of the central nervous system- a very popular local spinal anesthesia for childbirth)
Safety features available on some pumpsThe range of safety features varies widely with the age and make of the pump A state of the art pump in 2003 may have the following safety features Certified to have no single point of failure That is no single cause of
failure should cause the pump to silently fail to operate correctly It should at least stop pumping and make at least an audible error indication This is a minimum requirement on all human-rated infusion pumps of whatever age It is not required for veterinary infusion pumps
Batteries so the pump can operate if the power fails or is unplugged Anti-free-flow devices prevent blood from draining from the patient or
infusate from freely entering the patient when the infusion pump is being set-up
A down pressure sensor will detect when the patients vein is blocked or the line to the patient is kinked This may be configurable for high (subcutaneous and epidural) or low (venous) applications
An air-in-line detector A typical detector will use an ultrasonic transmitter and receiver to detect when air is being pumped Some pumps actually measure the volume and may even have configurable volumes from 01 to 2 ml of air None of these amounts can cause harm but sometimes the air can interfere with the infusion of a low-dose medicine
An up pressure sensor can detect when the bag or syringe is empty or even if the bag or syringe is being squeezed
A drug library with customizable programmable limits for individual drugs that that helps to avoid medication errors
Mechanisms to avoid uncontrolled flow of drugs in large volume pumps (often in combination with a giving st based free flow clamp) and increasingly also in syringe pumps (piston-brake)
Many pumps include an internal electronic log of the last several thousand therapy events These are usually tagged with the time and date from the pumps clock Usually erasing the log is a feature protected by a security code specifically to detect staff abuse of the pump or patient
Many makes of infusion pump can be configured to display only a small subset of features while they are operating in order to prevent tampering by patients untrained staff and visitors
Types of infusion The user interface of pumps usually requests details on the type of infusion
from the technician or nurse that sets them up Continuous infusion usually consists of small pulses of infusion usually
between 500 nanoliters and 10000 microliters depending on the pumps design with the rate of these pulses depending on the programmed infusion speed
Intermittent infusion has a high infusion rate alternating with a low programmable infusion rate to keep the cannula open The timings are programmable This mode is often used to administer antibiotics or other drugs that can irritate a blood vessel
Patient-controlled is infusion on-demand usually with a preprogrammed ceiling to avoid intoxication The rate is controlled by a pressure pad or button that can be activated by the patient It is the method of choice for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in which repeated small doses of opioid analgesics are delivered with the device coded to stop administration before a dose that may cause hazardous respiratory depression is reached
Total parenteral nutrition usually requires an infusion curve similar to normal mealtimes
Some pumps offer modes in which the amounts can be scaled or controlled based on the time of day This allows for circadian cycles which may be required for certain types of medication
Anesthetic machine
The anaesthetic machine (or anesthesia machine in America) is used by anaesthesiologists and Nurse anesthetists to support the administration of anaesthesia The most common type of anaesthetic machine in use in the developed world is the continuous-flow anaesthetic machine which is designed to provide an accurate and continuous supply of medical gases (such as oxygen and nitrous oxide) mixed with an accurate concentration of anaesthetic vapour (such as isoflurane) and deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure and flow Modern machines incorporate a ventilator suction unit and patient-monitoring devices
The original concept of Boyles machine was invented by the British anaesthetist HEG Boyle in 1917 Prior to this time anaesthetists often carried all their equipment with them but the development of heavy bulky cylinder storage and increasingly elaborate airway equipment meant that this was no longer practical for most circumstances The anaesthetic machine is usually mounted on anti-static wheels for convenient transportation
Safety features of modern machines
Based on experience gained from analysis of mishaps the modern anaesthetic machine incorporates several safety devices including
an oxygen failure alarm (also known as Oxygen Failure Warning Device or OFWD) In older machines this was a pneumatic device called a Ritchie whistle Newer machines have an electronic sensor
nitrous cut-off the flow of medical nitrous-oxide is dependent on oxygen pressure This is done at the regulator level In essence the nitrous-oxide regulator is a slave of the oxygen regulator
hypoxic-mixture alarms (hypoxy guards or ratio controllers) to prevent gas mixtures which contain less than 21 oxygen being delivered to the patient In modern machines it is impossible to deliver 100 nitrous oxide (or any hypoxic mixture) to the patient to breathe Oxygen is automatically added to the fresh gas flow even if the anaesthetist should attempt to deliver 100 nitrous oxide Ratio controllers usually operate on the penumatic principle or are chain linked Both are located on the rotameter assembly unless electronically controlled
ventilator alarms which warn of disconnection or high airway pressures
interlocks between the vaporisers preventing inadvertent administration of more than one volatile agent concurrently
alarms on all the above physiological monitorsthe Pin Index Safety System prevents cylinders being
accidentally connected to the wrong yokethe NIST (Non-Interchangeable Screw Thread) system for
pipeline gases which prevents piped gases from the wall being accidentally connected to the wrong inlet on the machine
pipeline gas hoses have non-interchangeable Schrader valve connectors which prevents hoses being accidentally plugged into the wrong wall socket
VERG-augmented anesthesia machine
Portable anesthesia
Group 6 Loiselle Ilano Queenie Layson Joana Mae Lazaro Ralph Kenneth Lazaro Dino Francis Lazo Nathaniel Mallari
Prepared by
A medical monitor or physiological monitor or display is an electronic medical device that measures a patients vital signs and displays the data so obtained which may or may not be transmitted on a monitoring network Physiological data are displayed continuously on aCRT or LCD screen as data channels along the time axis They may be accompanied by numerical readouts of computed parameters on the original data such as maximum minimum and average values pulse and respiratory frequencies and so on
MonitorDefibrillators
These monitordefibrillators usually have the normal capabilities of an ICU monitor but have manual (and usually semi-automatic AED)defibrillation capability This is particular good for EMS services who need a compact easy to use monitor and defibrillator as well as for inter- or intrafacility patient transport
Monitors may be classified asHandheldPortableMonitorDefibrillator (usually portable)TabletopNetworkable non-networkableWired wireless data transmissionMains powered or mains + battery powered
Infusion pump
An infusion pump infuses fluids medication or nutrients into a patients circulatory system It is generally used intravenously althoughsubcutaneous arterial and epidural infusions are occasionally used
Infusion pumps can administer fluids in ways that would be impractically expensive or unreliable if performed manually by nursing staff For example they can administer as little as 01 mL per hour injections (too small for a drip) injections every minute injections with repeated boluses requested by the patient up to maximum number per hour (eg in patient-controlled analgesia) or fluids whose volumes vary by the time of day
Because they can also produce quite high but controlled pressures they can inject controlled amounts of fluids subcutaneously (beneath the skin) or epidurally (just within the surface of the central nervous system- a very popular local spinal anesthesia for childbirth)
Safety features available on some pumpsThe range of safety features varies widely with the age and make of the pump A state of the art pump in 2003 may have the following safety features Certified to have no single point of failure That is no single cause of
failure should cause the pump to silently fail to operate correctly It should at least stop pumping and make at least an audible error indication This is a minimum requirement on all human-rated infusion pumps of whatever age It is not required for veterinary infusion pumps
Batteries so the pump can operate if the power fails or is unplugged Anti-free-flow devices prevent blood from draining from the patient or
infusate from freely entering the patient when the infusion pump is being set-up
A down pressure sensor will detect when the patients vein is blocked or the line to the patient is kinked This may be configurable for high (subcutaneous and epidural) or low (venous) applications
An air-in-line detector A typical detector will use an ultrasonic transmitter and receiver to detect when air is being pumped Some pumps actually measure the volume and may even have configurable volumes from 01 to 2 ml of air None of these amounts can cause harm but sometimes the air can interfere with the infusion of a low-dose medicine
An up pressure sensor can detect when the bag or syringe is empty or even if the bag or syringe is being squeezed
A drug library with customizable programmable limits for individual drugs that that helps to avoid medication errors
Mechanisms to avoid uncontrolled flow of drugs in large volume pumps (often in combination with a giving st based free flow clamp) and increasingly also in syringe pumps (piston-brake)
Many pumps include an internal electronic log of the last several thousand therapy events These are usually tagged with the time and date from the pumps clock Usually erasing the log is a feature protected by a security code specifically to detect staff abuse of the pump or patient
Many makes of infusion pump can be configured to display only a small subset of features while they are operating in order to prevent tampering by patients untrained staff and visitors
Types of infusion The user interface of pumps usually requests details on the type of infusion
from the technician or nurse that sets them up Continuous infusion usually consists of small pulses of infusion usually
between 500 nanoliters and 10000 microliters depending on the pumps design with the rate of these pulses depending on the programmed infusion speed
Intermittent infusion has a high infusion rate alternating with a low programmable infusion rate to keep the cannula open The timings are programmable This mode is often used to administer antibiotics or other drugs that can irritate a blood vessel
Patient-controlled is infusion on-demand usually with a preprogrammed ceiling to avoid intoxication The rate is controlled by a pressure pad or button that can be activated by the patient It is the method of choice for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in which repeated small doses of opioid analgesics are delivered with the device coded to stop administration before a dose that may cause hazardous respiratory depression is reached
Total parenteral nutrition usually requires an infusion curve similar to normal mealtimes
Some pumps offer modes in which the amounts can be scaled or controlled based on the time of day This allows for circadian cycles which may be required for certain types of medication
Anesthetic machine
The anaesthetic machine (or anesthesia machine in America) is used by anaesthesiologists and Nurse anesthetists to support the administration of anaesthesia The most common type of anaesthetic machine in use in the developed world is the continuous-flow anaesthetic machine which is designed to provide an accurate and continuous supply of medical gases (such as oxygen and nitrous oxide) mixed with an accurate concentration of anaesthetic vapour (such as isoflurane) and deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure and flow Modern machines incorporate a ventilator suction unit and patient-monitoring devices
The original concept of Boyles machine was invented by the British anaesthetist HEG Boyle in 1917 Prior to this time anaesthetists often carried all their equipment with them but the development of heavy bulky cylinder storage and increasingly elaborate airway equipment meant that this was no longer practical for most circumstances The anaesthetic machine is usually mounted on anti-static wheels for convenient transportation
Safety features of modern machines
Based on experience gained from analysis of mishaps the modern anaesthetic machine incorporates several safety devices including
an oxygen failure alarm (also known as Oxygen Failure Warning Device or OFWD) In older machines this was a pneumatic device called a Ritchie whistle Newer machines have an electronic sensor
nitrous cut-off the flow of medical nitrous-oxide is dependent on oxygen pressure This is done at the regulator level In essence the nitrous-oxide regulator is a slave of the oxygen regulator
hypoxic-mixture alarms (hypoxy guards or ratio controllers) to prevent gas mixtures which contain less than 21 oxygen being delivered to the patient In modern machines it is impossible to deliver 100 nitrous oxide (or any hypoxic mixture) to the patient to breathe Oxygen is automatically added to the fresh gas flow even if the anaesthetist should attempt to deliver 100 nitrous oxide Ratio controllers usually operate on the penumatic principle or are chain linked Both are located on the rotameter assembly unless electronically controlled
ventilator alarms which warn of disconnection or high airway pressures
interlocks between the vaporisers preventing inadvertent administration of more than one volatile agent concurrently
alarms on all the above physiological monitorsthe Pin Index Safety System prevents cylinders being
accidentally connected to the wrong yokethe NIST (Non-Interchangeable Screw Thread) system for
pipeline gases which prevents piped gases from the wall being accidentally connected to the wrong inlet on the machine
pipeline gas hoses have non-interchangeable Schrader valve connectors which prevents hoses being accidentally plugged into the wrong wall socket
VERG-augmented anesthesia machine
Portable anesthesia
Group 6 Loiselle Ilano Queenie Layson Joana Mae Lazaro Ralph Kenneth Lazaro Dino Francis Lazo Nathaniel Mallari
Prepared by
MonitorDefibrillators
These monitordefibrillators usually have the normal capabilities of an ICU monitor but have manual (and usually semi-automatic AED)defibrillation capability This is particular good for EMS services who need a compact easy to use monitor and defibrillator as well as for inter- or intrafacility patient transport
Monitors may be classified asHandheldPortableMonitorDefibrillator (usually portable)TabletopNetworkable non-networkableWired wireless data transmissionMains powered or mains + battery powered
Infusion pump
An infusion pump infuses fluids medication or nutrients into a patients circulatory system It is generally used intravenously althoughsubcutaneous arterial and epidural infusions are occasionally used
Infusion pumps can administer fluids in ways that would be impractically expensive or unreliable if performed manually by nursing staff For example they can administer as little as 01 mL per hour injections (too small for a drip) injections every minute injections with repeated boluses requested by the patient up to maximum number per hour (eg in patient-controlled analgesia) or fluids whose volumes vary by the time of day
Because they can also produce quite high but controlled pressures they can inject controlled amounts of fluids subcutaneously (beneath the skin) or epidurally (just within the surface of the central nervous system- a very popular local spinal anesthesia for childbirth)
Safety features available on some pumpsThe range of safety features varies widely with the age and make of the pump A state of the art pump in 2003 may have the following safety features Certified to have no single point of failure That is no single cause of
failure should cause the pump to silently fail to operate correctly It should at least stop pumping and make at least an audible error indication This is a minimum requirement on all human-rated infusion pumps of whatever age It is not required for veterinary infusion pumps
Batteries so the pump can operate if the power fails or is unplugged Anti-free-flow devices prevent blood from draining from the patient or
infusate from freely entering the patient when the infusion pump is being set-up
A down pressure sensor will detect when the patients vein is blocked or the line to the patient is kinked This may be configurable for high (subcutaneous and epidural) or low (venous) applications
An air-in-line detector A typical detector will use an ultrasonic transmitter and receiver to detect when air is being pumped Some pumps actually measure the volume and may even have configurable volumes from 01 to 2 ml of air None of these amounts can cause harm but sometimes the air can interfere with the infusion of a low-dose medicine
An up pressure sensor can detect when the bag or syringe is empty or even if the bag or syringe is being squeezed
A drug library with customizable programmable limits for individual drugs that that helps to avoid medication errors
Mechanisms to avoid uncontrolled flow of drugs in large volume pumps (often in combination with a giving st based free flow clamp) and increasingly also in syringe pumps (piston-brake)
Many pumps include an internal electronic log of the last several thousand therapy events These are usually tagged with the time and date from the pumps clock Usually erasing the log is a feature protected by a security code specifically to detect staff abuse of the pump or patient
Many makes of infusion pump can be configured to display only a small subset of features while they are operating in order to prevent tampering by patients untrained staff and visitors
Types of infusion The user interface of pumps usually requests details on the type of infusion
from the technician or nurse that sets them up Continuous infusion usually consists of small pulses of infusion usually
between 500 nanoliters and 10000 microliters depending on the pumps design with the rate of these pulses depending on the programmed infusion speed
Intermittent infusion has a high infusion rate alternating with a low programmable infusion rate to keep the cannula open The timings are programmable This mode is often used to administer antibiotics or other drugs that can irritate a blood vessel
Patient-controlled is infusion on-demand usually with a preprogrammed ceiling to avoid intoxication The rate is controlled by a pressure pad or button that can be activated by the patient It is the method of choice for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in which repeated small doses of opioid analgesics are delivered with the device coded to stop administration before a dose that may cause hazardous respiratory depression is reached
Total parenteral nutrition usually requires an infusion curve similar to normal mealtimes
Some pumps offer modes in which the amounts can be scaled or controlled based on the time of day This allows for circadian cycles which may be required for certain types of medication
Anesthetic machine
The anaesthetic machine (or anesthesia machine in America) is used by anaesthesiologists and Nurse anesthetists to support the administration of anaesthesia The most common type of anaesthetic machine in use in the developed world is the continuous-flow anaesthetic machine which is designed to provide an accurate and continuous supply of medical gases (such as oxygen and nitrous oxide) mixed with an accurate concentration of anaesthetic vapour (such as isoflurane) and deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure and flow Modern machines incorporate a ventilator suction unit and patient-monitoring devices
The original concept of Boyles machine was invented by the British anaesthetist HEG Boyle in 1917 Prior to this time anaesthetists often carried all their equipment with them but the development of heavy bulky cylinder storage and increasingly elaborate airway equipment meant that this was no longer practical for most circumstances The anaesthetic machine is usually mounted on anti-static wheels for convenient transportation
Safety features of modern machines
Based on experience gained from analysis of mishaps the modern anaesthetic machine incorporates several safety devices including
an oxygen failure alarm (also known as Oxygen Failure Warning Device or OFWD) In older machines this was a pneumatic device called a Ritchie whistle Newer machines have an electronic sensor
nitrous cut-off the flow of medical nitrous-oxide is dependent on oxygen pressure This is done at the regulator level In essence the nitrous-oxide regulator is a slave of the oxygen regulator
hypoxic-mixture alarms (hypoxy guards or ratio controllers) to prevent gas mixtures which contain less than 21 oxygen being delivered to the patient In modern machines it is impossible to deliver 100 nitrous oxide (or any hypoxic mixture) to the patient to breathe Oxygen is automatically added to the fresh gas flow even if the anaesthetist should attempt to deliver 100 nitrous oxide Ratio controllers usually operate on the penumatic principle or are chain linked Both are located on the rotameter assembly unless electronically controlled
ventilator alarms which warn of disconnection or high airway pressures
interlocks between the vaporisers preventing inadvertent administration of more than one volatile agent concurrently
alarms on all the above physiological monitorsthe Pin Index Safety System prevents cylinders being
accidentally connected to the wrong yokethe NIST (Non-Interchangeable Screw Thread) system for
pipeline gases which prevents piped gases from the wall being accidentally connected to the wrong inlet on the machine
pipeline gas hoses have non-interchangeable Schrader valve connectors which prevents hoses being accidentally plugged into the wrong wall socket
VERG-augmented anesthesia machine
Portable anesthesia
Group 6 Loiselle Ilano Queenie Layson Joana Mae Lazaro Ralph Kenneth Lazaro Dino Francis Lazo Nathaniel Mallari
Prepared by
These monitordefibrillators usually have the normal capabilities of an ICU monitor but have manual (and usually semi-automatic AED)defibrillation capability This is particular good for EMS services who need a compact easy to use monitor and defibrillator as well as for inter- or intrafacility patient transport
Monitors may be classified asHandheldPortableMonitorDefibrillator (usually portable)TabletopNetworkable non-networkableWired wireless data transmissionMains powered or mains + battery powered
Infusion pump
An infusion pump infuses fluids medication or nutrients into a patients circulatory system It is generally used intravenously althoughsubcutaneous arterial and epidural infusions are occasionally used
Infusion pumps can administer fluids in ways that would be impractically expensive or unreliable if performed manually by nursing staff For example they can administer as little as 01 mL per hour injections (too small for a drip) injections every minute injections with repeated boluses requested by the patient up to maximum number per hour (eg in patient-controlled analgesia) or fluids whose volumes vary by the time of day
Because they can also produce quite high but controlled pressures they can inject controlled amounts of fluids subcutaneously (beneath the skin) or epidurally (just within the surface of the central nervous system- a very popular local spinal anesthesia for childbirth)
Safety features available on some pumpsThe range of safety features varies widely with the age and make of the pump A state of the art pump in 2003 may have the following safety features Certified to have no single point of failure That is no single cause of
failure should cause the pump to silently fail to operate correctly It should at least stop pumping and make at least an audible error indication This is a minimum requirement on all human-rated infusion pumps of whatever age It is not required for veterinary infusion pumps
Batteries so the pump can operate if the power fails or is unplugged Anti-free-flow devices prevent blood from draining from the patient or
infusate from freely entering the patient when the infusion pump is being set-up
A down pressure sensor will detect when the patients vein is blocked or the line to the patient is kinked This may be configurable for high (subcutaneous and epidural) or low (venous) applications
An air-in-line detector A typical detector will use an ultrasonic transmitter and receiver to detect when air is being pumped Some pumps actually measure the volume and may even have configurable volumes from 01 to 2 ml of air None of these amounts can cause harm but sometimes the air can interfere with the infusion of a low-dose medicine
An up pressure sensor can detect when the bag or syringe is empty or even if the bag or syringe is being squeezed
A drug library with customizable programmable limits for individual drugs that that helps to avoid medication errors
Mechanisms to avoid uncontrolled flow of drugs in large volume pumps (often in combination with a giving st based free flow clamp) and increasingly also in syringe pumps (piston-brake)
Many pumps include an internal electronic log of the last several thousand therapy events These are usually tagged with the time and date from the pumps clock Usually erasing the log is a feature protected by a security code specifically to detect staff abuse of the pump or patient
Many makes of infusion pump can be configured to display only a small subset of features while they are operating in order to prevent tampering by patients untrained staff and visitors
Types of infusion The user interface of pumps usually requests details on the type of infusion
from the technician or nurse that sets them up Continuous infusion usually consists of small pulses of infusion usually
between 500 nanoliters and 10000 microliters depending on the pumps design with the rate of these pulses depending on the programmed infusion speed
Intermittent infusion has a high infusion rate alternating with a low programmable infusion rate to keep the cannula open The timings are programmable This mode is often used to administer antibiotics or other drugs that can irritate a blood vessel
Patient-controlled is infusion on-demand usually with a preprogrammed ceiling to avoid intoxication The rate is controlled by a pressure pad or button that can be activated by the patient It is the method of choice for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in which repeated small doses of opioid analgesics are delivered with the device coded to stop administration before a dose that may cause hazardous respiratory depression is reached
Total parenteral nutrition usually requires an infusion curve similar to normal mealtimes
Some pumps offer modes in which the amounts can be scaled or controlled based on the time of day This allows for circadian cycles which may be required for certain types of medication
Anesthetic machine
The anaesthetic machine (or anesthesia machine in America) is used by anaesthesiologists and Nurse anesthetists to support the administration of anaesthesia The most common type of anaesthetic machine in use in the developed world is the continuous-flow anaesthetic machine which is designed to provide an accurate and continuous supply of medical gases (such as oxygen and nitrous oxide) mixed with an accurate concentration of anaesthetic vapour (such as isoflurane) and deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure and flow Modern machines incorporate a ventilator suction unit and patient-monitoring devices
The original concept of Boyles machine was invented by the British anaesthetist HEG Boyle in 1917 Prior to this time anaesthetists often carried all their equipment with them but the development of heavy bulky cylinder storage and increasingly elaborate airway equipment meant that this was no longer practical for most circumstances The anaesthetic machine is usually mounted on anti-static wheels for convenient transportation
Safety features of modern machines
Based on experience gained from analysis of mishaps the modern anaesthetic machine incorporates several safety devices including
an oxygen failure alarm (also known as Oxygen Failure Warning Device or OFWD) In older machines this was a pneumatic device called a Ritchie whistle Newer machines have an electronic sensor
nitrous cut-off the flow of medical nitrous-oxide is dependent on oxygen pressure This is done at the regulator level In essence the nitrous-oxide regulator is a slave of the oxygen regulator
hypoxic-mixture alarms (hypoxy guards or ratio controllers) to prevent gas mixtures which contain less than 21 oxygen being delivered to the patient In modern machines it is impossible to deliver 100 nitrous oxide (or any hypoxic mixture) to the patient to breathe Oxygen is automatically added to the fresh gas flow even if the anaesthetist should attempt to deliver 100 nitrous oxide Ratio controllers usually operate on the penumatic principle or are chain linked Both are located on the rotameter assembly unless electronically controlled
ventilator alarms which warn of disconnection or high airway pressures
interlocks between the vaporisers preventing inadvertent administration of more than one volatile agent concurrently
alarms on all the above physiological monitorsthe Pin Index Safety System prevents cylinders being
accidentally connected to the wrong yokethe NIST (Non-Interchangeable Screw Thread) system for
pipeline gases which prevents piped gases from the wall being accidentally connected to the wrong inlet on the machine
pipeline gas hoses have non-interchangeable Schrader valve connectors which prevents hoses being accidentally plugged into the wrong wall socket
VERG-augmented anesthesia machine
Portable anesthesia
Group 6 Loiselle Ilano Queenie Layson Joana Mae Lazaro Ralph Kenneth Lazaro Dino Francis Lazo Nathaniel Mallari
Prepared by
Monitors may be classified asHandheldPortableMonitorDefibrillator (usually portable)TabletopNetworkable non-networkableWired wireless data transmissionMains powered or mains + battery powered
Infusion pump
An infusion pump infuses fluids medication or nutrients into a patients circulatory system It is generally used intravenously althoughsubcutaneous arterial and epidural infusions are occasionally used
Infusion pumps can administer fluids in ways that would be impractically expensive or unreliable if performed manually by nursing staff For example they can administer as little as 01 mL per hour injections (too small for a drip) injections every minute injections with repeated boluses requested by the patient up to maximum number per hour (eg in patient-controlled analgesia) or fluids whose volumes vary by the time of day
Because they can also produce quite high but controlled pressures they can inject controlled amounts of fluids subcutaneously (beneath the skin) or epidurally (just within the surface of the central nervous system- a very popular local spinal anesthesia for childbirth)
Safety features available on some pumpsThe range of safety features varies widely with the age and make of the pump A state of the art pump in 2003 may have the following safety features Certified to have no single point of failure That is no single cause of
failure should cause the pump to silently fail to operate correctly It should at least stop pumping and make at least an audible error indication This is a minimum requirement on all human-rated infusion pumps of whatever age It is not required for veterinary infusion pumps
Batteries so the pump can operate if the power fails or is unplugged Anti-free-flow devices prevent blood from draining from the patient or
infusate from freely entering the patient when the infusion pump is being set-up
A down pressure sensor will detect when the patients vein is blocked or the line to the patient is kinked This may be configurable for high (subcutaneous and epidural) or low (venous) applications
An air-in-line detector A typical detector will use an ultrasonic transmitter and receiver to detect when air is being pumped Some pumps actually measure the volume and may even have configurable volumes from 01 to 2 ml of air None of these amounts can cause harm but sometimes the air can interfere with the infusion of a low-dose medicine
An up pressure sensor can detect when the bag or syringe is empty or even if the bag or syringe is being squeezed
A drug library with customizable programmable limits for individual drugs that that helps to avoid medication errors
Mechanisms to avoid uncontrolled flow of drugs in large volume pumps (often in combination with a giving st based free flow clamp) and increasingly also in syringe pumps (piston-brake)
Many pumps include an internal electronic log of the last several thousand therapy events These are usually tagged with the time and date from the pumps clock Usually erasing the log is a feature protected by a security code specifically to detect staff abuse of the pump or patient
Many makes of infusion pump can be configured to display only a small subset of features while they are operating in order to prevent tampering by patients untrained staff and visitors
Types of infusion The user interface of pumps usually requests details on the type of infusion
from the technician or nurse that sets them up Continuous infusion usually consists of small pulses of infusion usually
between 500 nanoliters and 10000 microliters depending on the pumps design with the rate of these pulses depending on the programmed infusion speed
Intermittent infusion has a high infusion rate alternating with a low programmable infusion rate to keep the cannula open The timings are programmable This mode is often used to administer antibiotics or other drugs that can irritate a blood vessel
Patient-controlled is infusion on-demand usually with a preprogrammed ceiling to avoid intoxication The rate is controlled by a pressure pad or button that can be activated by the patient It is the method of choice for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in which repeated small doses of opioid analgesics are delivered with the device coded to stop administration before a dose that may cause hazardous respiratory depression is reached
Total parenteral nutrition usually requires an infusion curve similar to normal mealtimes
Some pumps offer modes in which the amounts can be scaled or controlled based on the time of day This allows for circadian cycles which may be required for certain types of medication
Anesthetic machine
The anaesthetic machine (or anesthesia machine in America) is used by anaesthesiologists and Nurse anesthetists to support the administration of anaesthesia The most common type of anaesthetic machine in use in the developed world is the continuous-flow anaesthetic machine which is designed to provide an accurate and continuous supply of medical gases (such as oxygen and nitrous oxide) mixed with an accurate concentration of anaesthetic vapour (such as isoflurane) and deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure and flow Modern machines incorporate a ventilator suction unit and patient-monitoring devices
The original concept of Boyles machine was invented by the British anaesthetist HEG Boyle in 1917 Prior to this time anaesthetists often carried all their equipment with them but the development of heavy bulky cylinder storage and increasingly elaborate airway equipment meant that this was no longer practical for most circumstances The anaesthetic machine is usually mounted on anti-static wheels for convenient transportation
Safety features of modern machines
Based on experience gained from analysis of mishaps the modern anaesthetic machine incorporates several safety devices including
an oxygen failure alarm (also known as Oxygen Failure Warning Device or OFWD) In older machines this was a pneumatic device called a Ritchie whistle Newer machines have an electronic sensor
nitrous cut-off the flow of medical nitrous-oxide is dependent on oxygen pressure This is done at the regulator level In essence the nitrous-oxide regulator is a slave of the oxygen regulator
hypoxic-mixture alarms (hypoxy guards or ratio controllers) to prevent gas mixtures which contain less than 21 oxygen being delivered to the patient In modern machines it is impossible to deliver 100 nitrous oxide (or any hypoxic mixture) to the patient to breathe Oxygen is automatically added to the fresh gas flow even if the anaesthetist should attempt to deliver 100 nitrous oxide Ratio controllers usually operate on the penumatic principle or are chain linked Both are located on the rotameter assembly unless electronically controlled
ventilator alarms which warn of disconnection or high airway pressures
interlocks between the vaporisers preventing inadvertent administration of more than one volatile agent concurrently
alarms on all the above physiological monitorsthe Pin Index Safety System prevents cylinders being
accidentally connected to the wrong yokethe NIST (Non-Interchangeable Screw Thread) system for
pipeline gases which prevents piped gases from the wall being accidentally connected to the wrong inlet on the machine
pipeline gas hoses have non-interchangeable Schrader valve connectors which prevents hoses being accidentally plugged into the wrong wall socket
VERG-augmented anesthesia machine
Portable anesthesia
Group 6 Loiselle Ilano Queenie Layson Joana Mae Lazaro Ralph Kenneth Lazaro Dino Francis Lazo Nathaniel Mallari
Prepared by
Infusion pump
An infusion pump infuses fluids medication or nutrients into a patients circulatory system It is generally used intravenously althoughsubcutaneous arterial and epidural infusions are occasionally used
Infusion pumps can administer fluids in ways that would be impractically expensive or unreliable if performed manually by nursing staff For example they can administer as little as 01 mL per hour injections (too small for a drip) injections every minute injections with repeated boluses requested by the patient up to maximum number per hour (eg in patient-controlled analgesia) or fluids whose volumes vary by the time of day
Because they can also produce quite high but controlled pressures they can inject controlled amounts of fluids subcutaneously (beneath the skin) or epidurally (just within the surface of the central nervous system- a very popular local spinal anesthesia for childbirth)
Safety features available on some pumpsThe range of safety features varies widely with the age and make of the pump A state of the art pump in 2003 may have the following safety features Certified to have no single point of failure That is no single cause of
failure should cause the pump to silently fail to operate correctly It should at least stop pumping and make at least an audible error indication This is a minimum requirement on all human-rated infusion pumps of whatever age It is not required for veterinary infusion pumps
Batteries so the pump can operate if the power fails or is unplugged Anti-free-flow devices prevent blood from draining from the patient or
infusate from freely entering the patient when the infusion pump is being set-up
A down pressure sensor will detect when the patients vein is blocked or the line to the patient is kinked This may be configurable for high (subcutaneous and epidural) or low (venous) applications
An air-in-line detector A typical detector will use an ultrasonic transmitter and receiver to detect when air is being pumped Some pumps actually measure the volume and may even have configurable volumes from 01 to 2 ml of air None of these amounts can cause harm but sometimes the air can interfere with the infusion of a low-dose medicine
An up pressure sensor can detect when the bag or syringe is empty or even if the bag or syringe is being squeezed
A drug library with customizable programmable limits for individual drugs that that helps to avoid medication errors
Mechanisms to avoid uncontrolled flow of drugs in large volume pumps (often in combination with a giving st based free flow clamp) and increasingly also in syringe pumps (piston-brake)
Many pumps include an internal electronic log of the last several thousand therapy events These are usually tagged with the time and date from the pumps clock Usually erasing the log is a feature protected by a security code specifically to detect staff abuse of the pump or patient
Many makes of infusion pump can be configured to display only a small subset of features while they are operating in order to prevent tampering by patients untrained staff and visitors
Types of infusion The user interface of pumps usually requests details on the type of infusion
from the technician or nurse that sets them up Continuous infusion usually consists of small pulses of infusion usually
between 500 nanoliters and 10000 microliters depending on the pumps design with the rate of these pulses depending on the programmed infusion speed
Intermittent infusion has a high infusion rate alternating with a low programmable infusion rate to keep the cannula open The timings are programmable This mode is often used to administer antibiotics or other drugs that can irritate a blood vessel
Patient-controlled is infusion on-demand usually with a preprogrammed ceiling to avoid intoxication The rate is controlled by a pressure pad or button that can be activated by the patient It is the method of choice for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in which repeated small doses of opioid analgesics are delivered with the device coded to stop administration before a dose that may cause hazardous respiratory depression is reached
Total parenteral nutrition usually requires an infusion curve similar to normal mealtimes
Some pumps offer modes in which the amounts can be scaled or controlled based on the time of day This allows for circadian cycles which may be required for certain types of medication
Anesthetic machine
The anaesthetic machine (or anesthesia machine in America) is used by anaesthesiologists and Nurse anesthetists to support the administration of anaesthesia The most common type of anaesthetic machine in use in the developed world is the continuous-flow anaesthetic machine which is designed to provide an accurate and continuous supply of medical gases (such as oxygen and nitrous oxide) mixed with an accurate concentration of anaesthetic vapour (such as isoflurane) and deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure and flow Modern machines incorporate a ventilator suction unit and patient-monitoring devices
The original concept of Boyles machine was invented by the British anaesthetist HEG Boyle in 1917 Prior to this time anaesthetists often carried all their equipment with them but the development of heavy bulky cylinder storage and increasingly elaborate airway equipment meant that this was no longer practical for most circumstances The anaesthetic machine is usually mounted on anti-static wheels for convenient transportation
Safety features of modern machines
Based on experience gained from analysis of mishaps the modern anaesthetic machine incorporates several safety devices including
an oxygen failure alarm (also known as Oxygen Failure Warning Device or OFWD) In older machines this was a pneumatic device called a Ritchie whistle Newer machines have an electronic sensor
nitrous cut-off the flow of medical nitrous-oxide is dependent on oxygen pressure This is done at the regulator level In essence the nitrous-oxide regulator is a slave of the oxygen regulator
hypoxic-mixture alarms (hypoxy guards or ratio controllers) to prevent gas mixtures which contain less than 21 oxygen being delivered to the patient In modern machines it is impossible to deliver 100 nitrous oxide (or any hypoxic mixture) to the patient to breathe Oxygen is automatically added to the fresh gas flow even if the anaesthetist should attempt to deliver 100 nitrous oxide Ratio controllers usually operate on the penumatic principle or are chain linked Both are located on the rotameter assembly unless electronically controlled
ventilator alarms which warn of disconnection or high airway pressures
interlocks between the vaporisers preventing inadvertent administration of more than one volatile agent concurrently
alarms on all the above physiological monitorsthe Pin Index Safety System prevents cylinders being
accidentally connected to the wrong yokethe NIST (Non-Interchangeable Screw Thread) system for
pipeline gases which prevents piped gases from the wall being accidentally connected to the wrong inlet on the machine
pipeline gas hoses have non-interchangeable Schrader valve connectors which prevents hoses being accidentally plugged into the wrong wall socket
VERG-augmented anesthesia machine
Portable anesthesia
Group 6 Loiselle Ilano Queenie Layson Joana Mae Lazaro Ralph Kenneth Lazaro Dino Francis Lazo Nathaniel Mallari
Prepared by
Safety features available on some pumpsThe range of safety features varies widely with the age and make of the pump A state of the art pump in 2003 may have the following safety features Certified to have no single point of failure That is no single cause of
failure should cause the pump to silently fail to operate correctly It should at least stop pumping and make at least an audible error indication This is a minimum requirement on all human-rated infusion pumps of whatever age It is not required for veterinary infusion pumps
Batteries so the pump can operate if the power fails or is unplugged Anti-free-flow devices prevent blood from draining from the patient or
infusate from freely entering the patient when the infusion pump is being set-up
A down pressure sensor will detect when the patients vein is blocked or the line to the patient is kinked This may be configurable for high (subcutaneous and epidural) or low (venous) applications
An air-in-line detector A typical detector will use an ultrasonic transmitter and receiver to detect when air is being pumped Some pumps actually measure the volume and may even have configurable volumes from 01 to 2 ml of air None of these amounts can cause harm but sometimes the air can interfere with the infusion of a low-dose medicine
An up pressure sensor can detect when the bag or syringe is empty or even if the bag or syringe is being squeezed
A drug library with customizable programmable limits for individual drugs that that helps to avoid medication errors
Mechanisms to avoid uncontrolled flow of drugs in large volume pumps (often in combination with a giving st based free flow clamp) and increasingly also in syringe pumps (piston-brake)
Many pumps include an internal electronic log of the last several thousand therapy events These are usually tagged with the time and date from the pumps clock Usually erasing the log is a feature protected by a security code specifically to detect staff abuse of the pump or patient
Many makes of infusion pump can be configured to display only a small subset of features while they are operating in order to prevent tampering by patients untrained staff and visitors
Types of infusion The user interface of pumps usually requests details on the type of infusion
from the technician or nurse that sets them up Continuous infusion usually consists of small pulses of infusion usually
between 500 nanoliters and 10000 microliters depending on the pumps design with the rate of these pulses depending on the programmed infusion speed
Intermittent infusion has a high infusion rate alternating with a low programmable infusion rate to keep the cannula open The timings are programmable This mode is often used to administer antibiotics or other drugs that can irritate a blood vessel
Patient-controlled is infusion on-demand usually with a preprogrammed ceiling to avoid intoxication The rate is controlled by a pressure pad or button that can be activated by the patient It is the method of choice for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in which repeated small doses of opioid analgesics are delivered with the device coded to stop administration before a dose that may cause hazardous respiratory depression is reached
Total parenteral nutrition usually requires an infusion curve similar to normal mealtimes
Some pumps offer modes in which the amounts can be scaled or controlled based on the time of day This allows for circadian cycles which may be required for certain types of medication
Anesthetic machine
The anaesthetic machine (or anesthesia machine in America) is used by anaesthesiologists and Nurse anesthetists to support the administration of anaesthesia The most common type of anaesthetic machine in use in the developed world is the continuous-flow anaesthetic machine which is designed to provide an accurate and continuous supply of medical gases (such as oxygen and nitrous oxide) mixed with an accurate concentration of anaesthetic vapour (such as isoflurane) and deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure and flow Modern machines incorporate a ventilator suction unit and patient-monitoring devices
The original concept of Boyles machine was invented by the British anaesthetist HEG Boyle in 1917 Prior to this time anaesthetists often carried all their equipment with them but the development of heavy bulky cylinder storage and increasingly elaborate airway equipment meant that this was no longer practical for most circumstances The anaesthetic machine is usually mounted on anti-static wheels for convenient transportation
Safety features of modern machines
Based on experience gained from analysis of mishaps the modern anaesthetic machine incorporates several safety devices including
an oxygen failure alarm (also known as Oxygen Failure Warning Device or OFWD) In older machines this was a pneumatic device called a Ritchie whistle Newer machines have an electronic sensor
nitrous cut-off the flow of medical nitrous-oxide is dependent on oxygen pressure This is done at the regulator level In essence the nitrous-oxide regulator is a slave of the oxygen regulator
hypoxic-mixture alarms (hypoxy guards or ratio controllers) to prevent gas mixtures which contain less than 21 oxygen being delivered to the patient In modern machines it is impossible to deliver 100 nitrous oxide (or any hypoxic mixture) to the patient to breathe Oxygen is automatically added to the fresh gas flow even if the anaesthetist should attempt to deliver 100 nitrous oxide Ratio controllers usually operate on the penumatic principle or are chain linked Both are located on the rotameter assembly unless electronically controlled
ventilator alarms which warn of disconnection or high airway pressures
interlocks between the vaporisers preventing inadvertent administration of more than one volatile agent concurrently
alarms on all the above physiological monitorsthe Pin Index Safety System prevents cylinders being
accidentally connected to the wrong yokethe NIST (Non-Interchangeable Screw Thread) system for
pipeline gases which prevents piped gases from the wall being accidentally connected to the wrong inlet on the machine
pipeline gas hoses have non-interchangeable Schrader valve connectors which prevents hoses being accidentally plugged into the wrong wall socket
VERG-augmented anesthesia machine
Portable anesthesia
Group 6 Loiselle Ilano Queenie Layson Joana Mae Lazaro Ralph Kenneth Lazaro Dino Francis Lazo Nathaniel Mallari
Prepared by
An air-in-line detector A typical detector will use an ultrasonic transmitter and receiver to detect when air is being pumped Some pumps actually measure the volume and may even have configurable volumes from 01 to 2 ml of air None of these amounts can cause harm but sometimes the air can interfere with the infusion of a low-dose medicine
An up pressure sensor can detect when the bag or syringe is empty or even if the bag or syringe is being squeezed
A drug library with customizable programmable limits for individual drugs that that helps to avoid medication errors
Mechanisms to avoid uncontrolled flow of drugs in large volume pumps (often in combination with a giving st based free flow clamp) and increasingly also in syringe pumps (piston-brake)
Many pumps include an internal electronic log of the last several thousand therapy events These are usually tagged with the time and date from the pumps clock Usually erasing the log is a feature protected by a security code specifically to detect staff abuse of the pump or patient
Many makes of infusion pump can be configured to display only a small subset of features while they are operating in order to prevent tampering by patients untrained staff and visitors
Types of infusion The user interface of pumps usually requests details on the type of infusion
from the technician or nurse that sets them up Continuous infusion usually consists of small pulses of infusion usually
between 500 nanoliters and 10000 microliters depending on the pumps design with the rate of these pulses depending on the programmed infusion speed
Intermittent infusion has a high infusion rate alternating with a low programmable infusion rate to keep the cannula open The timings are programmable This mode is often used to administer antibiotics or other drugs that can irritate a blood vessel
Patient-controlled is infusion on-demand usually with a preprogrammed ceiling to avoid intoxication The rate is controlled by a pressure pad or button that can be activated by the patient It is the method of choice for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in which repeated small doses of opioid analgesics are delivered with the device coded to stop administration before a dose that may cause hazardous respiratory depression is reached
Total parenteral nutrition usually requires an infusion curve similar to normal mealtimes
Some pumps offer modes in which the amounts can be scaled or controlled based on the time of day This allows for circadian cycles which may be required for certain types of medication
Anesthetic machine
The anaesthetic machine (or anesthesia machine in America) is used by anaesthesiologists and Nurse anesthetists to support the administration of anaesthesia The most common type of anaesthetic machine in use in the developed world is the continuous-flow anaesthetic machine which is designed to provide an accurate and continuous supply of medical gases (such as oxygen and nitrous oxide) mixed with an accurate concentration of anaesthetic vapour (such as isoflurane) and deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure and flow Modern machines incorporate a ventilator suction unit and patient-monitoring devices
The original concept of Boyles machine was invented by the British anaesthetist HEG Boyle in 1917 Prior to this time anaesthetists often carried all their equipment with them but the development of heavy bulky cylinder storage and increasingly elaborate airway equipment meant that this was no longer practical for most circumstances The anaesthetic machine is usually mounted on anti-static wheels for convenient transportation
Safety features of modern machines
Based on experience gained from analysis of mishaps the modern anaesthetic machine incorporates several safety devices including
an oxygen failure alarm (also known as Oxygen Failure Warning Device or OFWD) In older machines this was a pneumatic device called a Ritchie whistle Newer machines have an electronic sensor
nitrous cut-off the flow of medical nitrous-oxide is dependent on oxygen pressure This is done at the regulator level In essence the nitrous-oxide regulator is a slave of the oxygen regulator
hypoxic-mixture alarms (hypoxy guards or ratio controllers) to prevent gas mixtures which contain less than 21 oxygen being delivered to the patient In modern machines it is impossible to deliver 100 nitrous oxide (or any hypoxic mixture) to the patient to breathe Oxygen is automatically added to the fresh gas flow even if the anaesthetist should attempt to deliver 100 nitrous oxide Ratio controllers usually operate on the penumatic principle or are chain linked Both are located on the rotameter assembly unless electronically controlled
ventilator alarms which warn of disconnection or high airway pressures
interlocks between the vaporisers preventing inadvertent administration of more than one volatile agent concurrently
alarms on all the above physiological monitorsthe Pin Index Safety System prevents cylinders being
accidentally connected to the wrong yokethe NIST (Non-Interchangeable Screw Thread) system for
pipeline gases which prevents piped gases from the wall being accidentally connected to the wrong inlet on the machine
pipeline gas hoses have non-interchangeable Schrader valve connectors which prevents hoses being accidentally plugged into the wrong wall socket
VERG-augmented anesthesia machine
Portable anesthesia
Group 6 Loiselle Ilano Queenie Layson Joana Mae Lazaro Ralph Kenneth Lazaro Dino Francis Lazo Nathaniel Mallari
Prepared by
Types of infusion The user interface of pumps usually requests details on the type of infusion
from the technician or nurse that sets them up Continuous infusion usually consists of small pulses of infusion usually
between 500 nanoliters and 10000 microliters depending on the pumps design with the rate of these pulses depending on the programmed infusion speed
Intermittent infusion has a high infusion rate alternating with a low programmable infusion rate to keep the cannula open The timings are programmable This mode is often used to administer antibiotics or other drugs that can irritate a blood vessel
Patient-controlled is infusion on-demand usually with a preprogrammed ceiling to avoid intoxication The rate is controlled by a pressure pad or button that can be activated by the patient It is the method of choice for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in which repeated small doses of opioid analgesics are delivered with the device coded to stop administration before a dose that may cause hazardous respiratory depression is reached
Total parenteral nutrition usually requires an infusion curve similar to normal mealtimes
Some pumps offer modes in which the amounts can be scaled or controlled based on the time of day This allows for circadian cycles which may be required for certain types of medication
Anesthetic machine
The anaesthetic machine (or anesthesia machine in America) is used by anaesthesiologists and Nurse anesthetists to support the administration of anaesthesia The most common type of anaesthetic machine in use in the developed world is the continuous-flow anaesthetic machine which is designed to provide an accurate and continuous supply of medical gases (such as oxygen and nitrous oxide) mixed with an accurate concentration of anaesthetic vapour (such as isoflurane) and deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure and flow Modern machines incorporate a ventilator suction unit and patient-monitoring devices
The original concept of Boyles machine was invented by the British anaesthetist HEG Boyle in 1917 Prior to this time anaesthetists often carried all their equipment with them but the development of heavy bulky cylinder storage and increasingly elaborate airway equipment meant that this was no longer practical for most circumstances The anaesthetic machine is usually mounted on anti-static wheels for convenient transportation
Safety features of modern machines
Based on experience gained from analysis of mishaps the modern anaesthetic machine incorporates several safety devices including
an oxygen failure alarm (also known as Oxygen Failure Warning Device or OFWD) In older machines this was a pneumatic device called a Ritchie whistle Newer machines have an electronic sensor
nitrous cut-off the flow of medical nitrous-oxide is dependent on oxygen pressure This is done at the regulator level In essence the nitrous-oxide regulator is a slave of the oxygen regulator
hypoxic-mixture alarms (hypoxy guards or ratio controllers) to prevent gas mixtures which contain less than 21 oxygen being delivered to the patient In modern machines it is impossible to deliver 100 nitrous oxide (or any hypoxic mixture) to the patient to breathe Oxygen is automatically added to the fresh gas flow even if the anaesthetist should attempt to deliver 100 nitrous oxide Ratio controllers usually operate on the penumatic principle or are chain linked Both are located on the rotameter assembly unless electronically controlled
ventilator alarms which warn of disconnection or high airway pressures
interlocks between the vaporisers preventing inadvertent administration of more than one volatile agent concurrently
alarms on all the above physiological monitorsthe Pin Index Safety System prevents cylinders being
accidentally connected to the wrong yokethe NIST (Non-Interchangeable Screw Thread) system for
pipeline gases which prevents piped gases from the wall being accidentally connected to the wrong inlet on the machine
pipeline gas hoses have non-interchangeable Schrader valve connectors which prevents hoses being accidentally plugged into the wrong wall socket
VERG-augmented anesthesia machine
Portable anesthesia
Group 6 Loiselle Ilano Queenie Layson Joana Mae Lazaro Ralph Kenneth Lazaro Dino Francis Lazo Nathaniel Mallari
Prepared by
Anesthetic machine
The anaesthetic machine (or anesthesia machine in America) is used by anaesthesiologists and Nurse anesthetists to support the administration of anaesthesia The most common type of anaesthetic machine in use in the developed world is the continuous-flow anaesthetic machine which is designed to provide an accurate and continuous supply of medical gases (such as oxygen and nitrous oxide) mixed with an accurate concentration of anaesthetic vapour (such as isoflurane) and deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure and flow Modern machines incorporate a ventilator suction unit and patient-monitoring devices
The original concept of Boyles machine was invented by the British anaesthetist HEG Boyle in 1917 Prior to this time anaesthetists often carried all their equipment with them but the development of heavy bulky cylinder storage and increasingly elaborate airway equipment meant that this was no longer practical for most circumstances The anaesthetic machine is usually mounted on anti-static wheels for convenient transportation
Safety features of modern machines
Based on experience gained from analysis of mishaps the modern anaesthetic machine incorporates several safety devices including
an oxygen failure alarm (also known as Oxygen Failure Warning Device or OFWD) In older machines this was a pneumatic device called a Ritchie whistle Newer machines have an electronic sensor
nitrous cut-off the flow of medical nitrous-oxide is dependent on oxygen pressure This is done at the regulator level In essence the nitrous-oxide regulator is a slave of the oxygen regulator
hypoxic-mixture alarms (hypoxy guards or ratio controllers) to prevent gas mixtures which contain less than 21 oxygen being delivered to the patient In modern machines it is impossible to deliver 100 nitrous oxide (or any hypoxic mixture) to the patient to breathe Oxygen is automatically added to the fresh gas flow even if the anaesthetist should attempt to deliver 100 nitrous oxide Ratio controllers usually operate on the penumatic principle or are chain linked Both are located on the rotameter assembly unless electronically controlled
ventilator alarms which warn of disconnection or high airway pressures
interlocks between the vaporisers preventing inadvertent administration of more than one volatile agent concurrently
alarms on all the above physiological monitorsthe Pin Index Safety System prevents cylinders being
accidentally connected to the wrong yokethe NIST (Non-Interchangeable Screw Thread) system for
pipeline gases which prevents piped gases from the wall being accidentally connected to the wrong inlet on the machine
pipeline gas hoses have non-interchangeable Schrader valve connectors which prevents hoses being accidentally plugged into the wrong wall socket
VERG-augmented anesthesia machine
Portable anesthesia
Group 6 Loiselle Ilano Queenie Layson Joana Mae Lazaro Ralph Kenneth Lazaro Dino Francis Lazo Nathaniel Mallari
Prepared by
The anaesthetic machine (or anesthesia machine in America) is used by anaesthesiologists and Nurse anesthetists to support the administration of anaesthesia The most common type of anaesthetic machine in use in the developed world is the continuous-flow anaesthetic machine which is designed to provide an accurate and continuous supply of medical gases (such as oxygen and nitrous oxide) mixed with an accurate concentration of anaesthetic vapour (such as isoflurane) and deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure and flow Modern machines incorporate a ventilator suction unit and patient-monitoring devices
The original concept of Boyles machine was invented by the British anaesthetist HEG Boyle in 1917 Prior to this time anaesthetists often carried all their equipment with them but the development of heavy bulky cylinder storage and increasingly elaborate airway equipment meant that this was no longer practical for most circumstances The anaesthetic machine is usually mounted on anti-static wheels for convenient transportation
Safety features of modern machines
Based on experience gained from analysis of mishaps the modern anaesthetic machine incorporates several safety devices including
an oxygen failure alarm (also known as Oxygen Failure Warning Device or OFWD) In older machines this was a pneumatic device called a Ritchie whistle Newer machines have an electronic sensor
nitrous cut-off the flow of medical nitrous-oxide is dependent on oxygen pressure This is done at the regulator level In essence the nitrous-oxide regulator is a slave of the oxygen regulator
hypoxic-mixture alarms (hypoxy guards or ratio controllers) to prevent gas mixtures which contain less than 21 oxygen being delivered to the patient In modern machines it is impossible to deliver 100 nitrous oxide (or any hypoxic mixture) to the patient to breathe Oxygen is automatically added to the fresh gas flow even if the anaesthetist should attempt to deliver 100 nitrous oxide Ratio controllers usually operate on the penumatic principle or are chain linked Both are located on the rotameter assembly unless electronically controlled
ventilator alarms which warn of disconnection or high airway pressures
interlocks between the vaporisers preventing inadvertent administration of more than one volatile agent concurrently
alarms on all the above physiological monitorsthe Pin Index Safety System prevents cylinders being
accidentally connected to the wrong yokethe NIST (Non-Interchangeable Screw Thread) system for
pipeline gases which prevents piped gases from the wall being accidentally connected to the wrong inlet on the machine
pipeline gas hoses have non-interchangeable Schrader valve connectors which prevents hoses being accidentally plugged into the wrong wall socket
VERG-augmented anesthesia machine
Portable anesthesia
Group 6 Loiselle Ilano Queenie Layson Joana Mae Lazaro Ralph Kenneth Lazaro Dino Francis Lazo Nathaniel Mallari
Prepared by
The original concept of Boyles machine was invented by the British anaesthetist HEG Boyle in 1917 Prior to this time anaesthetists often carried all their equipment with them but the development of heavy bulky cylinder storage and increasingly elaborate airway equipment meant that this was no longer practical for most circumstances The anaesthetic machine is usually mounted on anti-static wheels for convenient transportation
Safety features of modern machines
Based on experience gained from analysis of mishaps the modern anaesthetic machine incorporates several safety devices including
an oxygen failure alarm (also known as Oxygen Failure Warning Device or OFWD) In older machines this was a pneumatic device called a Ritchie whistle Newer machines have an electronic sensor
nitrous cut-off the flow of medical nitrous-oxide is dependent on oxygen pressure This is done at the regulator level In essence the nitrous-oxide regulator is a slave of the oxygen regulator
hypoxic-mixture alarms (hypoxy guards or ratio controllers) to prevent gas mixtures which contain less than 21 oxygen being delivered to the patient In modern machines it is impossible to deliver 100 nitrous oxide (or any hypoxic mixture) to the patient to breathe Oxygen is automatically added to the fresh gas flow even if the anaesthetist should attempt to deliver 100 nitrous oxide Ratio controllers usually operate on the penumatic principle or are chain linked Both are located on the rotameter assembly unless electronically controlled
ventilator alarms which warn of disconnection or high airway pressures
interlocks between the vaporisers preventing inadvertent administration of more than one volatile agent concurrently
alarms on all the above physiological monitorsthe Pin Index Safety System prevents cylinders being
accidentally connected to the wrong yokethe NIST (Non-Interchangeable Screw Thread) system for
pipeline gases which prevents piped gases from the wall being accidentally connected to the wrong inlet on the machine
pipeline gas hoses have non-interchangeable Schrader valve connectors which prevents hoses being accidentally plugged into the wrong wall socket
VERG-augmented anesthesia machine
Portable anesthesia
Group 6 Loiselle Ilano Queenie Layson Joana Mae Lazaro Ralph Kenneth Lazaro Dino Francis Lazo Nathaniel Mallari
Prepared by
Safety features of modern machines
Based on experience gained from analysis of mishaps the modern anaesthetic machine incorporates several safety devices including
an oxygen failure alarm (also known as Oxygen Failure Warning Device or OFWD) In older machines this was a pneumatic device called a Ritchie whistle Newer machines have an electronic sensor
nitrous cut-off the flow of medical nitrous-oxide is dependent on oxygen pressure This is done at the regulator level In essence the nitrous-oxide regulator is a slave of the oxygen regulator
hypoxic-mixture alarms (hypoxy guards or ratio controllers) to prevent gas mixtures which contain less than 21 oxygen being delivered to the patient In modern machines it is impossible to deliver 100 nitrous oxide (or any hypoxic mixture) to the patient to breathe Oxygen is automatically added to the fresh gas flow even if the anaesthetist should attempt to deliver 100 nitrous oxide Ratio controllers usually operate on the penumatic principle or are chain linked Both are located on the rotameter assembly unless electronically controlled
ventilator alarms which warn of disconnection or high airway pressures
interlocks between the vaporisers preventing inadvertent administration of more than one volatile agent concurrently
alarms on all the above physiological monitorsthe Pin Index Safety System prevents cylinders being
accidentally connected to the wrong yokethe NIST (Non-Interchangeable Screw Thread) system for
pipeline gases which prevents piped gases from the wall being accidentally connected to the wrong inlet on the machine
pipeline gas hoses have non-interchangeable Schrader valve connectors which prevents hoses being accidentally plugged into the wrong wall socket
VERG-augmented anesthesia machine
Portable anesthesia
Group 6 Loiselle Ilano Queenie Layson Joana Mae Lazaro Ralph Kenneth Lazaro Dino Francis Lazo Nathaniel Mallari
Prepared by
ventilator alarms which warn of disconnection or high airway pressures
interlocks between the vaporisers preventing inadvertent administration of more than one volatile agent concurrently
alarms on all the above physiological monitorsthe Pin Index Safety System prevents cylinders being
accidentally connected to the wrong yokethe NIST (Non-Interchangeable Screw Thread) system for
pipeline gases which prevents piped gases from the wall being accidentally connected to the wrong inlet on the machine
pipeline gas hoses have non-interchangeable Schrader valve connectors which prevents hoses being accidentally plugged into the wrong wall socket
VERG-augmented anesthesia machine
Portable anesthesia
Group 6 Loiselle Ilano Queenie Layson Joana Mae Lazaro Ralph Kenneth Lazaro Dino Francis Lazo Nathaniel Mallari
Prepared by
VERG-augmented anesthesia machine
Portable anesthesia
Group 6 Loiselle Ilano Queenie Layson Joana Mae Lazaro Ralph Kenneth Lazaro Dino Francis Lazo Nathaniel Mallari
Prepared by
Portable anesthesia
Group 6 Loiselle Ilano Queenie Layson Joana Mae Lazaro Ralph Kenneth Lazaro Dino Francis Lazo Nathaniel Mallari
Prepared by
Group 6 Loiselle Ilano Queenie Layson Joana Mae Lazaro Ralph Kenneth Lazaro Dino Francis Lazo Nathaniel Mallari
Prepared by
