Electronic Product Design Companies in Bangalore

8/15/2019 Electronic Product Design Companies in Bangalore

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http://www.dncltech.com

Printed circuit board design in Bangalore

ABSTRACT

This project main objective increasing energy demand and cost are the

main motivators for this research project. Solar thermal energy is used to

create mechanical motion. In turn, the mechanical motion drives a

generator to generate electricity. http://www.dncltech.com. The

objective of this project is to use solar radiation to heat a blac fined

metal tan filed !ith air. The air is heated by the solar radiation and

e"pands leaving the tan through a no##le, !hich is mounted on the top

outlet valve. A turbine !heel is driven by the force of the hot air flo!

!hen the air is leaving the no##le causing a mechanical rotation.

Embedded design companies in Bangalore. An electric generator iscoupled to the turbine !heel generating electricity. The generated

electricity can be used for direct and indirect applications. To put the

concept in practical research !or, a prototype is designed, constructed,

and tested under lab conditions. $hen the blac fined metal tan is

heated by simulated heatsource, the air e"pands by natural heat

convection from the heat that is conducted from the !alls of the metal

tan. Electronic product design at

Bangalore .http://www.dncltech.com


http://www.dncltech.com/http://www.dncltech.com/http://www.dncltech.com/http://www.dncltech.com/


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http://www.dncltech.com$hen air temperature increases the density decreases and causing the

hot air flo!s to rise by the po!er of the natural bouncy effect. The blac

metal tan is used as air storage. Control valves are mounted on the air

inlet and outlet on theblac metal tan to control the air flo! in and out.

Conse%uently, the valves control the inside tan air temperature.

&reliminarily tests sho!ed that the prototype !ors satisfactorily under

artificial heat source and lab conditions. The prototype !ill be tested

under real environment conditions to verify the results. Electronic

product design companies in Bangalore.

So mostly trusted embedded companies means dncl technologies.


http://www.dncltech.com/http://www.dncltech.com/


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Electronic product design companies in

Bangalore

Acknowledgements

The success of our project depended on the contributions of many

individuals over the past eight months. $e !ould lie to tae the time to

than all of those !ho have helped and supported us in this process.

'irst, !e lie to than our advisor, &rofessor Robert (arsh for providing

us !ith guidance and support through this long process. $e !ould also

lie to than our sponsor, Andy &ressman for providing us !ith advice

and insight into all aspects of our project. (e provided us !ith numerouscontacts that helped us !ith our project. 'inal thans go to )orn Co"

and *oel )ufour, for being part of our design revie! committee and

giving us valuable information for our design.

http+!!!.dncltech.com

Background




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http://www.dncltech.comin retrofitted !arehouses, in bacyards, and ne! value chains that

connect small and medium si#e gro!ers to marets are proliferating

5?ovell, /668.

@ven though there is a gro!ing trend to produce local, fruits and

vegetables in cities and on the periphery of urban areas, local grain

production remains limited. It is rare, for e"ample, for locally produced

grains to be used even in small craft bre!eries since most bre!eries buy

malted barley from large malt houses in the id!est at commodity

prices nor is locally gro!n grain typically found in mechanical motionenergy farmers marets. 9ne barrier to e"panding the maret for locally

produced grain is the lac of appropriate machinery to harvest grain

gro!n on a small scale 5C. Stanley, personal communication,

//68.

$hile these small:scale grain harvesters e"ist in @urope and parts of

Asia, farmers do not import this machinery into 0nited States because of

e"orbitant transportation costs.




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http://www.dncltech.comTo this one small:scale farms either rent a combine mechanical or use

hand tools, such as a scythe or sicle 5&it#er, /668. -either technology

is suitable for small:scale grain production. Combine turbine are too

large and cumbersome for this scale, and !ould be ne"t to impossible to

maneuver in an urban farming environment. (and tools may !or for

less than a half an acre, but if there are multiple small plots, it !ould be

a very labor intensive and time consuming job. $hat is needed is an

appropriately scaled machine that could be used by gro!ers to reap and

bind grain gro!n on a fe! acres.The goal of this project !as to help small:scale gro!ers meet an

increased demand for local grains by designing a reaper:binder machine

to po!er supply more efficiently. $e intervie!ed small:scale gro!ers

and agricultural engineers to identify the current problems !ith gro!ing

grains in -e! @ngland, to learn about the types of machines currently

used to harvest grains, and to develop appropriate design criteria for our

product. 9nce !e designed a three:dimensional computer model, !e

!ored !ith a three person revie! panel to refine our ideas. $ith this

design !e hope to provide farmers !ith a means to harvest and bind

grains on small plots of land and in broader terms develop urban and

small:scale agriculture.




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Findings

9ur team determined that the best machine to po!er supply a small

scale plot of grain is a reaper binder that attaches to a t!o:!heeled, !al

behind tractor. The basic steps taen in gro!ing grains are generating

more po!er supply. The machine !e designed handles the po!er supply

and binding aspects of farming grain.

Through our intervie!s, !e found that developing an attachment for a

t!o:!heeled tractor !ould be the most practical solution. This !ould provide farmers !ith a simple platform that only re%uires farmers to

purchase the necessary attachments. Based on our intervie!s !ith our

sponsor and *oel )ufour, !e assumed that most commercial farmers

!ould be !illing to spend up to 32,666 dollars for a machine to harvest

grains 5*. )ufour, personal communications, 6/68. Subtracting

the cost of the base tractor, !hich has a minimum price of 3,427 and a

ma"imum of 34,2, !e estimated the budget for materials and labor

!ould be about 3;,466 or less for our attachment 5see Appendi" B+ Cost

Report8.

$e came up !ith an initial design that used a sicle bar cutter and t!o

channels to feed the grain bac to the binder. $e then sent this design toour revie! board that provided v




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http://www.dncltech.comfeedbac. This revie! board included Andy &ressman, !ho is our

sponsor for this project, )orn Co", an innovative farmer from -e!

(ampshire, and *oel )ufour, !ho o!ns @arth Tools Inc., and sells BCS

tractors. After !e received comments from our design board, it !as

decided that !e should start our design from the beginning again. 'or

this redesign, !e used the BCS ;// reaper binder as a base for our

design in order to eliminate some of the problems that !e encountered

!hen !e !ere utili#ing the e"isting sicle bar attachment. 9ne of these

problems !as the grain had to be diverted t!o separate !ays because thee"isting sicle bar mo!erDs body !as in the middle. Thus, the cut stals

of grain needed to go to the right and left of this body. 'or our redesign,

!e decided to mae our o!n sicle bar cutter so that there !ould be no

need for separate channels.

The first step our redesigned machine !ill tae in harvesting grains !ill

be to cut the stals of grain !ith the use of oscillating blades at the front

of the machine. 9nce cut, the grain !ill be brought to the center of the

machine by finger:lie appendages. These feeding fingers !ill also be

po!ered by the &T9 output of the tractor and feed the stals of grain

into the middle of the binder to be bound. These fingers also serve the

purpose of compacting the grain into the binder as !ell as eeping thestals of grain upright. This !ay more grain !ill be bound in each

bundle, thus increasing efficiency. The feeders !ere designed so that one




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http://www.dncltech.comfeeder !ould be at its center:most position !hile the other !ould be at

its furthest position a!ay from the center of the machine. This !ay, they

reach the center of the binder at alternating times, ma"imi#ing the

amount of grain that can be brought and compacted into the main

channel. $ith this alternating movement, any collisions !ould be

avoided bet!een the t!o feeder arms.

The t!o !heeled tractor !ill be connected to the binder at the bac left:

hand side 5vie!ing the machine from the front8. The reason !e chose

this location for the placement of the tractor !as so the bound grain!ould fall and land to the left of the driver. If the tractor had been placed

in the middle, the bundles of grain !ould need to be diverted to one side

or the other after they !ere bound. This could potentially cause

problems if the bundles !ere dropped into the uncut stals of grain. $ith

the design !e created, the bundles of grain !ould fall in the center of the

cutting path of the machine thus reducing the chances that the bundles of

grain !ould fall into the uncut stals.

The binder mechanism for our design is located at the end of the

channel. Before any grain reaches the tying mechanism, t!ine !ill be

strung across the opening. The free end of the vit!ine is held on the

tying side of the machine by a rotating dis. This piece of t!ine !illhold the stals of grain until there !as enough to be bound. The rotating

t!ine clamp !ill be po!ered by a small motor that !ill be timed !ith




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http://www.dncltech.comthe rest of the tying mechanism. The location of the arm is located at a

position so the grain !ill not fall over as it is being bound. $hen the

bundling area is filled to capacity, an arm that has the t!ine running

inside it moves across the channel and encompasses the stals of grain

!ith t!ine. This rod is po!ered by a slider and bar linage driven by

gears. At the other end, a mechanism !ould tie and cut the t!ine




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http://www.dncltech.comrotation is tilted at an angle of /=S to the plane of the @arthEs orbit and

the direction of this a" is is constant.

/. Fariations in atmospheric scattering by air molecules of !ater vapour,

gases, and dust particles.

=. Fariations in atmospheric absorption by 9/, 6=, (/6, and C9/G Solar

radiation measurements often include total 5beam and diffuse8 radiation,

in energy per unit time per unit area, on a hori#ontal surface. The

measurements are made by a pyrheliometer using a collimated detector

for measuring solar radiation for a small portion of the sy including theSun 5i. e. beam radiation8 at normal incidence. Also the radiation

measurements made by a pyranometer measure the total hemispherical

solar 5beam H diffuse8 radiation, usually on a hori#ontal surface. If

Shaded from the beam radiation by a shade ring, it measures only the

diffuse radiation . Solar energy can be collected in t!o !ays either by

thermal collectors 5?i%uid:heating solar collectors and Air:heating solar

collectors8 or electrical collectors 5&hotovoltaic &anels8. There are many

air solar collectors !hich are being under research !or and mass

production for industrial applications especially in heating and cooling

in buildings and agricultural applications.




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C(A&T@R =+ A-A?>SIS 9' C0RR@-T )@SI


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http://www.dncltech.comReservoirs can be covered, in !hich case they may be called covered or

underground storage tans or reservoirs. Covered !ater tans are

common in urban areas.

Storage tans are available in many shapes+ vertical and hori#ontal

cylindrical open top and closed top flat bottom, cone bottom, slope

bottom and dish bottom. ?arge tans tend to be vertical cylindrical, or to

have rounded corners transition from vertical side !all to bottom profile,

to easier !ithstand hydraulic hydrostatically induced pressure of

contained li%uid. ost container tans for handling li%uids during

transportation are designed to handle varying degrees of pressure

=./ Air Inlet and 9utlet Falves

There are t!o mechanical valves located on the metal tame The valvesare connected to the tan via a metal pipes to air inlet and outlet of l.

cm in diameter. The l. cm valves are used to control the air flo! into

and out of the tan and conse%uently control the air temperature inside

the tan. A valve is a device that regulates, directs or controls the flo! of

a fluid 5gases, li%uids, fluidi#ed solids, or slurries8 by opening, closing,

or partially obstructing various passage!ays. Falves are

technically fittings, but are usually discussed as a separate category. In

an open valve, fluid flo!s in a direction from higher pressure to lo!er


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slurrieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping_and_plumbing_fittingshttp://www.dncltech.com/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slurrieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping_and_plumbing_fittingshttp://www.dncltech.com/


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http://www.dncltech.com pressure. The !ord is derived from the ?atin valva, the moving part of a

door, in turn from volvere, to turn, roll.

The simplest, and very ancient, valve is simply a freely hinged flap

!hich drops to obstruct fluid 5gas or li%uid8 flo! in one direction, but is

pushed open by flo! in the opposite direction. This is called a chec

valve, as it prevents or checs the flo! in one direction.

odern control valves may regulate pressure or flo! do!nstream and

operate on sophisticated automation systems. Falves have many uses,

including controlling !ater for irrigation, industrial uses for controlling

processes, residential uses such as on off and pressure control to dish

and clothes !ashers and taps in the home. @ven aerosols have a tiny

valve built in. Falves are also used in the military and transport sectors.

alves are found in virtually every industrial process, including !ater and

se!age processing, mining, po!er generation, processing of oil, gas and petroleum, food manufacturing, chemical and plastic manufacturing and

many other fields.

&eople in developed nations use valves in their daily lives,

including plumbing valves, such as taps for tap !ater , gas control valves

on cooers, small valves fitted to !ashing machines and dish!ashers,safety devices fitted to hot !ater systems, and poppet valves in car

engines.


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Check_valvehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Check_valvehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_valveshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_dynamicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_automationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tap_(valve)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tap_waterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washing_machinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dishwasherhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_water_systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poppet_valvehttp://www.dncltech.com/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Check_valvehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Check_valvehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_valveshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_dynamicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_automationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tap_(valve)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tap_waterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washing_machinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dishwasherhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_water_systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poppet_valvehttp://www.dncltech.com/


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http://www.dncltech.comIn nature there are valves, for e"ample one:!ay valves

in veins controlling the blood circulation, and heart valves controlling

the flo! of blood in the chambers of the heart and maintaining the

correct pumping action. Falves may be operated manually, either by

a handle, lever , pedal or !heel. Falves may also be automatic, driven by

changes in pressure, temperature, or flo!. These changes may act upon

a diaphragm or a piston !hich in turn activates the valve, e"amples of

this type of valve found commonly are safety valves fitted to hot !ater

systems or boilers. ore comple" control systems using valves re%uiringautomatic control based on an e"ternal input 5i.e., regulating flo!

through a pipe to a changing set point8 re%uire an actuator . An actuator

!ill stroe the valve depending on its input and set:up, allo!ing the

valve to be positioned accurately, and allo!ing control over a variety of

re%uirements.

=.=. pcb design companies in Bangalore

A blac selective coating is applied on the outside surfaces of the tan

and fins. The coating !ill help !ith ma"imum absorption of the solar

radiation and minimi#e bac reflection. Another advantage of the blac

coating is to increase the collection efficiency of the tan and increase

the air temperature inside it.


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veinshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_circulationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_valvehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chambers_of_the_hearthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handle_(grip)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leverhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperaturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaphragm_(mechanical_device)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_valvehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actuatorhttp://www.dncltech.com/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veinshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_circulationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_valvehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chambers_of_the_hearthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handle_(grip)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leverhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperaturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaphragm_(mechanical_device)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_valvehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actuatorhttp://www.dncltech.com/


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http://www.dncltech.com=.1. -o##le

A no##le is mounted on the air output pipe. The no##le !ors as an air

jet directed on the !heel of the electricity generator. A no##le is a device

designed to control the direction or characteristics of a fluid flo!

5especially to increase velocity8 as it e"its 5or enters8 an enclosed

chamber or pipe. A no##le is often a pipe or tube of varying cross

sectional area, and it can be used to direct or modify the flo! of a fluid

5li%uid or gas8. -o##les are fre%uently used to control the rate of flo!,

speed, direction, mass, shape, andor the pressure of the stream that

emerges from them. In no##le velocity of fluid increases on the e"pense

of its pressure energy. A gas jet, fluid jet, or hydro jet is a no##le

intended to eject gas or fluid in a coherent stream into a surrounding

medium.


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http://www.dncltech.comin carburetors, !here smooth calibrated orifices are used to regulate the

flo! of fuel into an engine, and in jacu## is or spas.

Another speciali#ed jet is the laminar jet. This is a !ater jet that contains

devices to smooth out the pressure and flo!, and gives laminar flo!, as

its name suggests. This gives better results for fountains. The foam jet is

another type of jet !hich uses foam instead of a gas or fluid. -o##les

used for feeding hot blast into a blast furnace or forge are

called tuyeres.*et no##les are also use in large rooms !here the

distribution of air via ceiling diffusers is not possible or not practical.

)iffusers that use jet no##les are called jet diffuser !here it !ill be

arranged in the side !all areas in order to distribute air. $hen the

temperature difference bet!een the supply air and the room air changes,

the supply air stream is deflected up!ards, to supply !arm air, or

do!n!ards, to supply cold air. -o##les can be describedas convergent 5narro!ing do!n from a !ide diameter to a smaller

diameter in the direction of the flo!8 ordivergent 5e"panding from a

smaller diameter to a larger one8. A de ?aval no##le has a convergent

section follo!ed by a divergent section and is often called a convergent:

divergent no##le .


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carburetorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calibrated_orificehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasolinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacuzzihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminar_flowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminar_flowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_blasthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blast_furnacehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forgehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuyerehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Laval_nozzlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent-divergent_nozzlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent-divergent_nozzlehttp://www.dncltech.com/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carburetorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calibrated_orificehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasolinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacuzzihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminar_flowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminar_flowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_blasthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blast_furnacehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forgehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuyerehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Laval_nozzlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent-divergent_nozzlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent-divergent_nozzlehttp://www.dncltech.com/


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http://www.dncltech.comConvergent no##les accelerate subsonic fluids. If the no##le pressure

ratio is high enough, then the flo! !ill reach sonic velocity at the

narro!est point . In this situation, the no##le is said to be choed.

Increasing the no##le pressure ratio further !ill not increase the

throat ach number above one. )o!nstream 5i.e. e"ternal to the no##le8

the flo! is free to e"pand to supersonic velocities ho!ever ach can

be a very high speed for a hot gas because the speed of sound varies as

the s%uare root of absolute temperature. This fact is used e"tensively in

rocetry !here hypersonic flo!s are re%uired and !here propellant

mi"tures are deliberately chosen to further increase the sonic speed.

)ivergent no##les slo! fluids if the flo! is subsonic, but they accelerate

sonic or supersonic fluids.

Convergent:divergent no##les can therefore accelerate fluids that have

choed in the convergent section to supersonic speeds. This C) process

is more efficient than allo!ing a convergent no##le to e"pand

supersonically e"ternally. The shape of the divergent section also

ensures that the direction of the escaping gases is directly bac!ards, as

any side!ays component !ould not contribute to thrust.

A jet e"haust produces a net thrust from the energy obtained fromcombusting fuel !hich is added to the inducted air. This hot air passes


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach_numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_soundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersonichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_laval_nozzlehttp://www.dncltech.com/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach_numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_soundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersonichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_laval_nozzlehttp://www.dncltech.com/


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http://www.dncltech.comthrough a high speed no##le, apropelling no##le, !hich enormously

increases its inetic energy.

Increasing e"haust velocity increases thrust for a given mass flo!, but

matching the e"haust velocity to the air speed provides the best energy

efficiency. (o!ever, momentum considerations prevent jet aircraft from

maintaining velocity !hile e"ceeding their e"haust jet speed. The

engines of supersonic jet aircraft, such as those

of fighters and SSTaircraft 5e.g. Concorde8 almost al!ays achieve the

high e"haust speeds necessary for supersonic flight by using a C)

no##le despite !eight and cost penalties conversely, subsonic jet

engines employ relatively lo!, subsonic, e"haust velocities and therefore

employ simple convergent no##le, or even bypass no##les at even lo!er

speeds.

Rocet motors ma"imise thrust and e"haust velocity by usingconvergent:divergent no##les !ith very large area ratios and therefore

e"tremely high pressure ratios. ass flo! is at a premium because all

the propulsive mass is carried !ith vehicle, and very high e"haust

speeds are desirable.

PCB esign companies in Bangalore


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fighter_aircrafthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersonic_transporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concordehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bypass_ratiohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_motorhttp://www.dncltech.com/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fighter_aircrafthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersonic_transporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concordehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bypass_ratiohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_motorhttp://www.dncltech.com/


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http://www.dncltech.comagnetic no##les have also been proposed for some types of propulsion,

such as FASIR , in !hich the flo! of plasma is directed by magnetic

fields instead of !alls made of solid matter.

any no##les produce a very fine spray of li%uids.

• Atomi#er no##les are used for spray painting,

perfumes, carburetors for internal combustion engines, spray

on deodorants, antiperspirants and many other similar uses.

• Air:Aspirating -o##le uses an opening in the cone shaped no##le

to inject air into a stream of !ater based foam 5CA'SA''''''&8 to

mae the concentrate foam up. ost commonly found on foam

e"tinguishers and foam handlines.

• S!irl no##les inject the li%uid in tangentially, and it spirals into the

center and then e"its through the central hole. )ue to the vorte"ing

this causes the spray to come out in a cone shape.A spray no##le is a

precision device that facilitates dispersion of li%uid into a spray.

-o##les are used for three purposes+ to distribute a li%uid over an

area, to increase li%uid surface area, and create impact force on a

solid surface. A !ide variety of spray no##le applications use anumber of spray characteristics to describe the spray.


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_Specific_Impulse_Magnetoplasma_Rockethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_(physics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_fieldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_fieldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomizer_nozzlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carburetorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_enginehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deodoranthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiperspiranthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_(liquid_drop)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_applicationshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_characteristicshttp://www.dncltech.com/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_Specific_Impulse_Magnetoplasma_Rockethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_(physics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_fieldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_fieldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomizer_nozzlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carburetorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_enginehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deodoranthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiperspiranthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_(liquid_drop)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_applicationshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_characteristicshttp://www.dncltech.com/


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http://www.dncltech.com• Spray no##les can be categori#ed based on the energy input used to

cause atomi#ation, the breaup of the fluid into drops.J/KJ=K Spray

no##les can have one or more outlets a multiple outlet no##le is

no!n as a compound no##le

=.;. @lectricity


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http://www.dncltech.comInlet and 'ull 9utlet Falves 9pened

C. Similarly to Step A above, data are collected for (alf

Inlet and (alf 9utlet Falves 9pened

). Similarly to Step A above, data are collected for 'ull

Inlet and (alf 9utlet Falves 9pened

@. @lectricity

An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical

cells !ith e"ternal connections provided to po!er electrical devices. A

discharging battery has a positive terminal, or cathode, and a negative

terminal, or anode. The terminal mared negative is the source of

electrons that !hen connected to an e"ternal circuit !ill flo! and deliver

energy to an e"ternal device. $hen a battery is connected to an e"ternalcircuit, electrolytes are able to move as ions !ithin, allo!ing the

chemical reactions to be completed at the separate terminals and so


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_cellhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_cellhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathodehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anodehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolytehttp://www.dncltech.com/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_cellhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_cellhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathodehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anodehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolytehttp://www.dncltech.com/


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http://www.dncltech.comdeliver energy to the e"ternal circuit. It is the movement of those ions

!ithin the battery !hich allo!s current to flo! out of the battery to

perform !or. (istorically the term battery specifically referred to a

device composed of multiple cells, ho!ever the usage has evolved to

additionally include devices composed of a single cell.

&rimary batteries are used once and discarded the electrode materials

are irreversibly changed during discharge. Common e"amples are

the alaline battery used for flashlights and a multitude of portable

devices. Secondary5rechargeable batteries8 can be discharged and

recharged multiple times the original composition of the electrodes can

be restored by reverse current. @"amples include the lead:acid

batteries used in vehicles and lithium:ion batteries used for portable

electronics. Batteries come in many shapes and si#es, from miniature

cells used to po!er hearing aids and !rist!atches to battery bans thesi#e of rooms that provide standby po!er for telephone e"changes and

computer data centers.

According to a /664 estimate, the !orld!ide battery industry generates

0S312 billion in sales each year, !ith ;L annual gro!th.Batteries have

much lo!er specific energy 5energy per unit mass8 thancommon fuels such as gasoline. This is some!hat offset by the higher


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_batteryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_batteryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flashlighthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_batteryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rechargeable_batterieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-acid_batterieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-acid_batterieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium-ionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_aidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_exchangehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_centerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000000000_(number)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuelhttp://www.dncltech.com/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_batteryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_batteryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flashlighthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_batteryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rechargeable_batterieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-acid_batterieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-acid_batterieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium-ionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_aidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_exchangehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_centerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000000000_(number)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuelhttp://www.dncltech.com/


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http://www.dncltech.comefficiency of electric motors in producing mechanical !or, compared to

combustion engines.

C!AP"E# $: %ethodology

To increase in demand of po!er supply, the aim !as to fabricateaffordable mechanical !ith locally available parts for the economic

gro!th of small scale po!er supply. To achieve this aim, it !as decided

to follo! follo!ing steps+

. Interact !ith local small scale generating po!er supply to obtain a

basic idea traditional techni%ue used for air converted to turbine getting

po!er supply.

/. Intervie! agricultural e%uipment manufacturers to get information

about various e%uipments that are available and are in demand.




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http://www.dncltech.com=. Refer various international papers in small scale po!er supply

produced earlier.

1. )esign of turbine, /v generator, po!er supply collector

&ast data bases lie


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http://www.dncltech.comTurbine are used to overcome the slippage and po!er supply . It is no!

the basic belt for po!er transmission. They provide the best combination

of traction, speed of movement, load , and long service life

$.( Fabrications

A !elded frame is mounted on !heel assembly taing in consideration

that t!o ro!s have to be air tan at a time. Initially the air tan ismounted on the frame using nut and bolts. This step is follo!ed by the

mounting of mechanism and belt arrangement for transmitting the

po!er from battery .The no##le getting co air .After that turbine getting

po!er supply. The po!er supply gives to battery .The battery stored

energy.

C9-C?0SI9-

This project is conducted to confirm the concept of using solar energy asa driving force to generate electricity. The si#e of system is small to

generate enough po!er to drive the turbine !heel. A large metal tan




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http://www.dncltech.comcan be used instead. An optimal si#e of the tan can be estimated so that

the collected solar energy does not e"ceed the thermal capacity of the

air. $hen the recommendations are taen into consideration and tests

!ill be conducted, the results !ill be verified. 'urther research can be

done on the system !hile it is buried at the geothermal level as an

alternative source of energy.

R@'@R@-C@S

JK )avid N. c)aniels+ The Sun+ 9ur 'uture @nergy Source, /nd ed.,

*ohn $iley O Sons, 21.

J/K -ational Resources Canada+ 9ffice of @nergy @fficiency, @nergy 0se

(andboo. -atural Resources Canada, /66;.

J=K '. Nreith and ).>.


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http://www.dncltech.comJ7K S@&A+ Solar &o!er, Solar @lectric &o!er Association, 0SA,

)ecember /;, /66/.

J2K Abdul R. Al:A##a!i+ &hotonics+ &rinciples and &ractices, CRC

&ress, Taylor O 'rancis


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http://www.dncltech.comJ;K *. &. (olman+ Thermodynamics, 1th ed., -e! >or, c


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