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ELECTRONIC WARFARE SOUTH AFRICA 2017International Conference & Exhibition6-8 November 2017 | CSIR, Pretoria

ELECTRONIC WARFARE SOUTH AFRICA 2017International Conference & Exhibition6-8 November 2017 | CSIR, Pretoria

COMINT Threats, Challenges and

Opportunities –

Metadata the DNA of a signal

W van den Berg

This document and its content is the property of Airbus DS Electronics and Border Security GmbH. It shall not be communicated to any third party without the owner’s written consent. © Copyright Airbus DS Electronics and Border Security 2017. All rights reserved.

Introduction

08 November 20173

The Threats:

• Communication targets -> DC to light…

• Asymmetrical operation, mass data collection ….

The Challenges:

• Air interface, frequency range, bandwidth, modulation, multiplexing

• Encryption

• IP data

The Opportunities:

• Metadata – the DNA of a signal

• Transmission identity

• Sensors & system integration – Harvesting metadata

• Analysing and tracking data

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Communication target’s

08 November 20174

1MHz +9GHz6GHz3GHz300MHz30MHz

20-88MHz

1-30MHz

PMR

TETRA

GSMUMTS

SAT

GNSS

DVB

WLAN

4-5GHz mesh

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1GHz500MHz

120-170MHz

LTE 5G

225-400MHz

DMR, dPMR

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DNA & Meta data?

08 November 20175

“DNA is the molecule that contains our unique genetic

code”

“Meta data is “data that provides information about other

data”

-> structured, descriptive and administrative data

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DNA profiling mechanic's?

08 November 20176

DNA profiling (fingerprinting) is a forensic technique to identify individuals by

characteristics of their DNA ->

“The profile is a small set of DNA variation that is very likely to be different in

all unrelated individuals” *

* Wikipedia.org

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COMINT signal structure – the DNA helix?

08 November 20177

MediumAccess

method

Single AccessRadio waves,

other

Sensor metadata:

Sensor position, antenna detail, etc.

Signal - Time, Frequency, BW, Amplitude,

LOB, SEI, etc.

Analogue:

AM, FM, PM, SSB, CW

Digital:

ASK, FSK, MFSK, QAM,

Etc.

Spread:

DSSS, FHSS

Multiple Access

FDMA, TDMA,

CDMA, OFDMA,

etc.

PayloadEncryptionEncodingModulation

E.g. Baudot, STANAG

4285, POCSAG, other.

Voice, Data,

SMSAMBE,

TEA1..4,

A5/1, 5/3,

etc.ELINT metadata,

Radar, other

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FM signal structure

08 November 20178

MediumAccess

methodPayloadEncryptionEncodingModulation

Radio waves,

otherSingle Access FM Voice

Sensor metadata:

Sensor position, antenna detail, etc.

Signal - Time, Frequency, BW, Amplitude,

LOB, SEI, etc.

Sensor Ant time Freq BW Amp LOB SEI Mux Dmux Mod Ench PL HLT

Lat/long A2 10:18:1

1:13

135M1

25

25k -89 63 1,5,8,2

,8

S 0 FM 0 V D12

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GSM signal structure

08 November 20179

MediumAccess

methodPayloadEncryptionEncodingModulation

Radio waves,

otherMulti Access

TDMA

GMSK Voice

SMS

Sensor metadata:

Sensor position, antenna detail, etc.

Signal - Time, Frequency, BW, Amplitude,

LOB, SEI, etc.

Sensor Ant time Freq BW Amp LOB SEI Mux Dmux Mod Ench PL HLT

Lat/long C3 09:28:1

1:16

1,18,4

6

200k -96 T2.28 0 TDMA DH/T

M

GMSK A5/1 V/S F18

Networked - GSM:

FDMA & TDMA

GSM A5/1

And then Network information ………

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Cellular network metadata

08 November 201710

Network

Other

SMS

Call’s

Filters

SessionsBase stations

External system

interface

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08 November 201711

Harvesting Metadata:Typical tactical deployment

Harvesting Metadata:Typical tactical deployment

Headquarters

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Harvesting Metadata:Broad based collection

Headquarters

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Example: Sensor placement and planning

08 November 201713

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Example: Sensor area of intercept with intercepts

08 November 201714

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Example: Incident filtering

08 November 201715

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Example: Link diagram 1

08 November 201716

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Example: Link diagram 2

08 November 201717

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Example – tracking data

08 November 201718

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Analysing Metadata

08 November 201719

Timeline ViewsFiltered/Sorted

Occurance lists

High detail resolution

Geographical Views Link Diagrams

GraphsActivity Buzz

Diagrams

Fusion Analysis System

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Data Fusion and the full picture – COMINT, OSINT, ELINT, etc

08 November 201720

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Conclusion’s (Metadata the DNA of a signal)

08 November 201721

Metadata allow opportunities

• Filtering

• Tracking

• Mass data elimination and scaling

• Correlated searches ( geo, time, area, type, etc)

• Target Identity matching

• Incident analysis (adding other sources – Visual analytics, HUMINT, etc)

• other

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08 November 201722

Thank you for your attention!