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Electronics Recycling
Developments in WV and the
US
ICEEPICEEP
January 14,
January 14,
20082008
Jason LinnellExecutive Director
Overview• About Us• Why Recycle Electronics?
– Process Overview• WV Program and Results• Legislative Background• State Programs• Timelines• Outlook
1) The coordination of initiatives targeting the recycling of used electronics
2) Participation in pilot projects to advance and encourage electronics recycling
3) The development of programs that reduce the burden of government through private management of electronics recycling systems
• Non-profit 501c3• Located in Parkersburg, WV area (Davisville)
Polymer Tech Park
NCER’s Mission: Dedicated to the development and enhancement of a national infrastructure for the recycling of used electronics in the U.S. through:
About Us
Why Recycle Electronics?To conserve natural resourcesValuable material can be recovered and reused!
To support the communityDonating your old electronics supports schools, low-income families, and non-profits by providing needed electronics.
To create local jobsAs demand for electronics recycling increases, new businesses will form and existing companies will grow.
To protect public health and the environmentMost electronics contain hazardous materials that should not be disposed of in landfills.
Dismantling Process:
1. Electronics shipped from collection site to the recycler pallets or Gaylord boxes.
2. Materials received, weighed, and tracked through computerized bar-code system.
1.
2.
Dismantling Process 2:
3. Materials to “triage” area to separate resalable commodities such as cords, power supplies and keyboards.
4. Other products move dismantling by workers stationed along a conveyor belt.
3.
4.
Dismantling Process 3:
5. Products are disassembled with machine tools and resulting materials into separate Gaylord boxes.
6.Typically separated materials included: plastic housings, circuit boards, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals and bare Cathode Ray Tubes (once removed from housings).
5.
6.
What Is The NCER Doing in WV?• Spear-heading electronics
recycling collection events across the state• Encouraging a more consistent
national infrastructure for electronics recycling
• Building relationships with partners for electronics recycling opportunities in WV
• Developing an efficient collection system model
•Positioning WV on the leading edge of long-term issue!
2006 Collection EventsWVHTC Foundation Grant
Our 2006 collection events: 9 WV counties Collected more than 230,000
pounds Attracted more than 1,700 participants (by vehicle) Gained local and national
media attention And most importantly, educated the
public of the need to recycle electronics
Partners in 2006: Amandi Services (recycler), SDR Technologies (plastics recycler), WVDEP, WV SWMB, WVHTC Foundation
Wood County49,633 lbs recycledKanawha County33,238 lbs recycledBerkeley County34,405 lbs recycledMarion County25,301 lbs recycledGreenbrier County 19,607 lbs collected
2006 Events
Putnam County 17,592 lbs collectedMonongalia County14,240 lbs recycledUpshur County14,752 lbs collectedMarshall County12,153 lbs recycledTaylor County5,168 lbs collected
2007 Collection EventsState Grant from REAP ProgramOur 2007 collection events:
6 WV counties Collected 228,543 pounds Attracted more than 1,990 participants (by vehicle) Gained local and national
media attention And most importantly, educated the
public of the need to recycle electronics
Partners in 2007: eco International (recycler, formerly Amandi/Envirocycle), WVDEP, numerous County Solid Waste Authorities
Total pounds of electronics collected by the NCER in 2006 & 2007
466,468!
NCER Collection Events ‘06-’07
State-Level Policy Activities
LegislativeBackground
• First state electronics recycling mandate in the U.S. was in CA – enacted in 2003
• Eight more state mandates since: Maine (2004)
Maryland (2005)Washington (2006)
Connecticut (2007)Minnesota (2007)North Carolina (2007)Oregon (2007)Texas (2007)
• In all of these states, the penalty for non-compliance is: 1. products ineligible for sale in the state, and/or 2. financial penalties per each sale of covered products
Where Do We Stand?
• Ten programs with mandatory financing– CA, ME, MD, MN, NC, OR, TX, WA
AR (often overlooked)– 95 million US residents
or 32% of US population• Upcoming disposal bans
– NH, RI, AR
Product Scope By State
Desktops, Laptops (over 4 inch),TVs (over 4 inch), Monitors (over 4 inch)
Laptops, TVs (over 9 inch), Monitors (over 9 inch)
Desktops, Laptops, TVs (over 4 inch), Monitors (over 4 inch)
TVs with exclusions (over 4 inch), Monitors (over 4 inch), Laptops (over 4 inch)
TVs (over 4 inch), Monitors (over 4 inch), Laptops (over 4 inch)
Desktops, monitors, laptops
Desktops, monitors, laptops, keyboard, mice, and other peripheral equipment (excluding printers)
“*Product scope for MD and MN includes products triggering a manufacturer obligation to participate in the program.
Adding Covered Entities
Our Patchwork Quilt:Can you find two that match?!!
-Households-Small Businesses-Non-Profits-Any Entity w/ Fewer Than 7 Devices
-Households-Small Governments-Small Businesses-School Districts-Charities
Households Only
Consumers Only (Who Use Computer Equipment for Home or Home Business Use)
Any Entity
More Patches: Financing
ARF - Electronic Waste Recycling Fee, assessed on the sale of covered electronic products
FEE - Manufacturer Annual Registration Fees (can be significantly reduced by establishing an approved take-back program)
SHARE - Manufacturers must finance a program to collect & recycle their brand’s share of covered products, either collectively or independently (Oregon’s collective program is managed by the state DEQ, WA’s collective program is run by a manufacturer-managed authority.)
LBS. SOLDManufacturer pays registration fee and for collection and recycling of covered electronic devices based on their yearly sales to households
RETURNS 1 - Manufacturers must develop and implement their own recycling programs for their own returned products (TX requires program to collect from consumers, NC requires program to collect from collectors).
RETURNS 2 - Manufacturers pay for transportation and recycling of their own branded products collected by others plus a pro rata share of all orphan products
ARF
FEE
SHARE
SHARE
RETURNS1 RETURNS1
RETURNS2LBS. SOLD
• Maine and Minnesota both allow non-brand owners to claim responsibility for brands• Washington and Maryland requires “brand owner” to be responsible for that brand • Oregon allows only brand owner or licensee to be “manufacturer”• Maine and Washington cover historic producers, even if no longer in that product market
Still More Patches: Manufacturer Definitions
What Do All Of These TVs Have
In Common?
Same Brand, Different
“Manufacturer”• Barbie Brand TVs
– Registered by Mattel, Inc. in WA and Emerson Radio Consumer Products in ME and MN
• Sponge Bob Squarepants TVs– Registered by Nickelodeon in WA, Emerson
Radio Consumer Products in ME and Imation Corp. in MN
• Disney TVs– Registered by Disney Computer Products,
Inc. in WA and MemCorp, Inc. in MEChallenge: Recycling responsibility
sometimes on brand “licensees” sometimes “licensors”
California
• Law passed in 2003• Point of sale fee on for any purchase of
certain products over 4 inches diagonal screen size$6, $8, or $10 depending on screen size
• Effective January 1, 2005 on: CRT devices (TVs & monitors)LCD devices (laptops and monitors)LCD and Plasma TVs added July 1, 2005Portable DVD players as of Jan 1 2007But NOT desktop computers, other audio/video devices
Financial& OperationalRequirements
California• Manufacturers collect/remit ARF on direct sales,
retain 3%• Manufacturers required to annually notify retailers
of products covered by ARF. • Retailers collect/remit ARF on sales to CA
customers (retain 3%) 20,000+ retailers with 30,000+ retail locations (300 large
= 90%)
• Retailers only sell branded products and that meet RoHS restrictions for heavy metals.
CA Law Mechanics
• Collected fees into state fund
• Disbursements made to qualified collectors and recyclers at $0.48/lb
• 500 Approved Collectors; 50 Approved Recyclers
• Estimate 2007 Collection total: 210 million lbs
Maine Law• Passed in 2004: covers TVs and computer monitors
(includes laptops) from Maine households
• Municipalities collect from household, send/contract to state-approved consolidators (facility or pickup)Collection from household not funded by system
• Consolidators count brands, follow ESM guidelines, bill manufacturers for actual count + orphan share
• Manufacturers submit compliance plans, file reports, pay invoices from all consolidators
Maine• Manufacturers/Retailers meeting manufacturer definition choose recycling plan method of payment:
Pay consolidator count of claimed brands + orphans Pick up % pile of return share weight + orphans OR, have branded product separated + orphans for pickup by chosen recycler
• As of December 2007, 394 brands claimed by 167 manufacturers
Financial& OperationalRequirements
Maryland Computer Recycling Law
• Passed in 2005
• Creates statewide recycling program
• Registration and fee required for manufacturers of more than 1,000 covered devices per year 1,000 can be sold anywhere, not just in MD
• Computers defined as: “desktop personal computer or laptop computer, including the computer monitor”
• 2008 now adds TVs
Maryland• New manufacturers pay a $10K initial annual
registration fee and submit list of brands by December 31 each year
• If a manufacturer is renewing, the annual fee is $5K without a take-back program and $500 with a take-back program Collected fees to state funds for grants to local
governments
• Retailers may not sell brands of computers without brand labels or whose manufacturer has not paid a registration fee.
Financial& OperationalRequirements
Washington Law
• Producer Responsibility with default Manufacturer responsible for “equivalent share” either on
own or pay into State quasi-govt organization
No collection goal, but must meet your % at year’s end or pay penalty (refund if collecting more than %)
Covers CA/ME products + Desktop Computers Ban on exports to developing countries according to Basel
Convention [VETOED] Programs must be effective Jan 2009
Washington• Manufacturers may/must join Standard Plan (no choice if a white box or new entrant manufacturer) to manage and finance recycling program• Manufacturers may petition to start on own or with others an independent plan (if combined return share above 5%)• Retailer may not sell covered products if manufacturer is not registered and part of an approved plan
Violation for both retailer and manufacturer• As of late December 2007, 196 manufacturers with 266 total brands
Financial& OperationalRequirements
Minnesota• Manufacturers must recycle or purchase rights to pounds for volume equal to 60% of weight sold in MN (Jul 07 – Jun 08)
• Increases to 80% in FY 08• Annual report and penalties per pound for any shortfall, excess can be converted to “credits”
• Retailer may not sell covered products if manufacturer is not registered• Retailer must report to manufacturer on its brand(s) sales by Jul 1 annually
Financial& OperationalRequirements
Connecticut• Like Maine, state approves recyclers and submit bills to manufacturers for their brands collected + orphan share
•Orphans determined by market, not return share
• Retailer may not sell covered products if manufacturer is not registered and part of an approved plan
Financial& OperationalRequirements
Oregon• Like WA, manufacturers participate in State Contractor Program or Independent Program (5% return share minimum)
•Computer manufacturers pay based on their share of the electronic wastes collected in a year plus their share of orphan products recycled. •Television manufacturers based on return share, with the recycling fee prorated based on market share
•No separate authority, state DEQ runs/outsources Contractor Program•Annual cost for Contractor Program due Sept 1 (total cost for year)•Manufacturers register and pay fee annually•Retailers must ensure they sell only CEDs from registered and compliant manufacturers
Financial& OperationalRequirements
North Carolina• Unclear at this point, covered manufacturers must submit plan to the state, pay registration fee• AND manufacturers must provide transportation and fully cover the costs of processing for equipment received from covered product “collectors” (collectors get to “central locations”)
Financial& OperationalRequirements
Texas• Manufacturers must adopt and implement recovery plans by Sept 1 2008• Recovery plan must offer cost-free recycling opportunity for its products from consumers through methods such as: mailback, collection events, physical collection sites, etc.• Annual reports from manufacturer due beginning Jan 31 2010• Retailers must ensure brands sold on our state compliance list
Financial& OperationalRequirements
Product Design Requirements
Does not include separate laws on mercury or energy.
California• Restrictions on heavy metals specified in EU RoHS for
California’s covered electronic devices (CEDs) only
Maine• No specific requirements, but state procurement
preferences
Maryland, Oregon, Connecticut, Texas, North Carolina
• None
Washington, Minnesota• Reporting requirement only
Timelines/Deadlines
• January 1, 2007: RoHS substances banned from covered products for sale in CA
• December 31, 2007 – Registration due in OR, must declare Contractor or intent to pursue own program
• January 1, 2008: Registration/admin fees due in CT, MD and WA – must declare independent or standard plan on WA registration form
• February 1, 2008: Initial standard and independent plans due in WA to government for review/approval
• April 1, 2008: Manufacturers provide list of covered products to retailers in CA (including portable DVD)
Timelines/Deadlines
• July 1, 2008: Manufacturer reports due in ME and CA; retailer reports to manufacturers due in MN
• July 1, 2008: Manufacturer registration fee due in OR• September 1, 2008: Manufacturers in Contractor
program must pay annual costs for 2009 program in OR
• September 1, 2008: Manufacturers submit report to MN on pounds collected, pay penalties for under-collection
• September 1, 2008: TX recovery plans enforced• January 1, 2009: Plans must be fully operational in WA,
OR, CT, NC!
States expected with significant e-waste activity in 2008:
1. New York/New York City2. Massachusetts3. New Jersey4. Illinois5. Wisconsin6. Pennsylvania7. South Carolina8. North Carolina (again)9. Rhode Island10. Michigan11. Virginia12. Missouri
States to Watchin 2008
