Electronics Referance - Jan Zumwalt

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This and many other developer references avai lab le at ht tp : /nea t in fo .com/dev_notes /_cheat -sheets


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Neat In fo .com - by Jan Zumwal t May 20 , 2012Copyr ight 1995-2012

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Table of Contents

Chapter 01 Charts & Formulas .................................................................. 4 Chapter 02 D/C electronics ....................................................................... 5

DC Concepts ........................................................................................... 5 Chapter 03 A/C electronics ....................................................................... 6

AC Concepts ........................................................................................... 6Chapter 04 Resistors ................................................................................ 9

Resistor Color Chart ................................................................................ 9 Resistor Concepts ................................................................................... 9

Chapter 05 Capacitors ............................................................................ 12Chapter 06 Coils & Inductors .................................................................. 29Chapter 07 Frequency & Antennas .......................................................... 30Chapter 08 Filters & Audio ..................................................................... 33 Chapter 09 Power Supply ....................................................................... 34 Chapter 09 Transistors ........................................................................... 38Common Electrical Definitions ............................................................... 39 Back Page .............................................................................................. 40

Documentation ...................................................................................... 40 TutoriaLs .............................................................................................. 40 References ........................................................................................... 40


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Chapter 01Charts & Formulas

1 Radian = 5.72 deg

1 Deg = 1.74 rad

1 rev = 360 = 6.28 rad

Duty cycle = (width / time) * 100

t = 1/ff = 1/tHertz = 1Cps (cycles per sec)Vp = +VmaxRMS = Vp x .707Vav = Vp x 0.636Vp-p = Vp x 2

Powers of Ten

1018 = E = exa = exa

1015 = P = peta = peta

1012 = T = tera = trillion

109 = G = giga = billion

106 = M = mega = million

103 = k = kilo = thousand

10-1 = d = deci = decimal

10-3 = m = milli = thousandth

10-6 = u = micro = millionth

10-9 = n = nano = billionth

10-12 = p = pico = trillionth

10-15 = f = femto = femto

10-18 = a = atto = atto

...1111

Parallel

SeriesINDUCTOR&RESISTOR

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Total

Mult byTo get this

Given Avg RMS Peak PP----------------------------------

Avg ~ 1.11 1.57 3.14RMS .90 ~ 1.41 2.82Peak .63 .70 ~ 2.00PP .31 .35 .50 ~


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Chapter 02D/C electronics

DC Concepts

1) AC current is a relatively stable currentthat changes direction at regularintervals in a short period of time.

2) DC...

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Chapter 03A/C electronics

AC Concepts

1) AC current is a relatively stablecurrent that changes direction atregular intervals in a short periodof time.

2) There can only be one voltage at anyinstant in time, but an apparent "DC"voltage can be superposed on the AC.

3) One cycle is the time it takes tomake one revolution.

4) AC signals can be inverted, added,subtracted.

5) AC signals are analog.

6) Ohms law works for resistivecomponents with out furthercalculation.

7) Some electronics devices varyresistance depending upon frequencyand therefore have reactance insteadof resistance.

8) Inductors reactance increases with

frequency.Remember: ELI the ICE man.ELI = E(voltage) L(inductance)beforeI(current)

XL = 2L L = XL/(2) =XL/(2L)

9) Capacitors reactance decreases withfrequency.Remember: ELI the ICE man.ICE = I(Current) (Capacitance) before E(voltage)

XC = 1/(2C) C = 1/(2XC) = 1/(2CXC)

10) Resonance is the frequency that XL = XC.

r = 1/(2LC) C = 1/(42r2L) L = 1/(42r2C)

11) impedance = total resistance and reactance = Z

12) Hertz = 1 cps (cycle per sec) = 1Hz

13) = 1/T and T = 1/

14) Vp = +Vmax Vp = 1.414 x rms Vp = 1.57 x Vavg

15) Vp-p = +Vmax x 2

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16) Vrms (Veff DC Pwr) = Vp x .707

17) Vavg (average) = Vp x .636

18) In an AC circuit I, E, L are often out of phase.

21) Ohms A/C Law

_____________ ___________

I=V/Z I=watts/(Zcos) I=watts/(Vcos)_____________

V=I/Z V=watts/(Icos) V=(wattsZ)/cos

Z=V/I Z=watts/(I2cos) Z=(V 2cos)/watts

watts=I2Z cos watts=IV cos watts=(V2cos)/Z

If we know the frequency and speed of any wave we can f ind itsphysical length:

vel ft/sec 1100 1100Length = ---------- = ---- = ------

Hertz Hz t

10,000Hz tone = 0.1ft

The same can be done for radio waves - theyre faster and are usuallymeasured in meters:

vel m/sec 300,000,000 300,000,000Length = ---------- = ----------- = -----------

Hertz Hz t

10,000Hz Ulf radio = 30,000m = 18mi!

Helpful formulas:t = 1 / ff = 1 / tHertz = 1Cps (cycles per sec)Vp = +VmaxRMS = Vp x .707Vav = Vp x 0.636Vp-p = Vp x 2

Note: Some publications call RMS effective voltage, thereforVrms = Veff.


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Chapter 05Capacitors


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Chapter 06

Coils & Inductors

Volt (pressure)The volt (abbreviated V or E) is the Standard International(SI) unit of electric potential or electromotive force. Apotential of


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Chapter 07Frequency & Antennas

1) Inductors reactance increases with frequency.Remember: ELI the ICE man.ELI = E(voltage) L(inductance)before I(current)

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XL = 2L L = XL/(2) = XL/(2L)

2) Capacitors reactance decreases with frequency.Remember: ELI the ICE man.ICE = I(Current) (Capacitance) before E(voltage)

XC = 1/(2C) C = 1/(2XC) = 1/(2CXC)

3) Resonance is the frequency that XL = XC.

r = 1/(2LC) C = 1/(42r2L) L = 1/(42r2C)

4) t = 1/f f = 1/t

5) impedance = total resistance and reactance = Z

6) If we know the frequency and speed we can find any waves physicallength:

7) Sound waves in meters ():

vel m/sec 335.3 335.3

= --------- = ----- = -----Hertz Hz t

8) Radio waves in meters ():

vel m/sec 300,000,000 300,000,000

= ---------- = ----------- = -----------Hertz Hz t

3 x 105

3 x 104

984

9) f(Mhz) = ---------- = ----------- = -----------

(meter) (cent) (ft)

8) Radio waves:

3 x 105

(meter) = ----------f(mhz)

3 x 104

(cm) = ----------f(mhz)

984

(ft) = ----------f(mhz)

10) Common "waves"

0Hz = DC50-60Hz = Power line250-3000Hz = Voice20-20KHz = Audio30-300KHz = Lf (low)300KHz-3Mhz = If (intermediate) i.e. AM3MHz-30MHz = Hf (high) i.e. aircraft30mhz-300MHz = Vhf (very high) i.e. TV & FM1-300ghz = Microwave300GHz-.76Um = Infrared


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.76-.39Um = Visible light


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Chapter 08Filters & Audio


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Chapter 09Power Supply


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Chapter 09Transistors


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Common Electrical Definitions

Volt (pressure or force)

The volt (abbreviated V or E) is the Standard International(SI) unit of electric potential or electromotive force. Apotential of one volt appears across a resistance of one ohmwhen a current of one ampere flows through that resistance.

Ohm (friction or resistance)An ohm (abbreviated R) has a resistance of one ohm when a

potential difference of one volt produces a current of oneampere through the component.

Ampere (volume or flow)The ampere (abbreviated I or A) of current represents onecoulomb of electrical charge (6.24 x 10

18charge carriers)

moving past a specific point in one second.

Watt (work or power = mass * time)The watt (abbreviated W or P) is the International System ofUnits' (SI) standard unit of power (energy per unit time), theequivalent of one joule per second. The watt is used tospecify the rate at which electrical energy is dissipated, orthe rate at which electromagnetic energy is radiated,absorbed, or dissipated.


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Back Page

Documentation

http : / /www.dmoz.org/Sc ience/Technology/Electron ics/Reference/Circui t_Archives/ http://science-ebooks.com/electronics/basic_electronics.htm

http://www.analog.com/library/analogDialogue/archives/39-06/in_amp_guide.html

http://www.dspguide.com/pdfbook.htmhttp://www.rfcafe.com/references/electrical.htm

TutoriaLshttp : / /www.radio-e lectron ics.com/in fo/e lectron ics- tutor ia ls .php

http://www.ibiblio.org/obp/electricCircuits/

http : / /www.electron ics- tu tor ia ls .ws/

http://doctord.dyndns.org:8000/courses/Topics/Electronics/Alex_Pounds/Index.htm

Referenceshttp : / /mys i te .du.edu/~etut t le/e lectron/e lec indx.htm

ht tp : / /www.repr ise.com/host /c ircu i ts /defaul t .asp

ht tp : / /www.smps.us/references.html

h t tp : / /www.dmoz.org/Sc ience/Technology/Electron ics/Reference/

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Electronics Referance - Jan Zumwalt