Elektronik - Dr. Serkan Aksoy Elektronik Elemanlar Ders Notları

8/9/2019 Elektronik - Dr. Serkan Aksoy Elektronik Elemanlar Ders Notlar

1/102

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13/102


14/102

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31/102

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32/102

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33/102

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36/102

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37/102

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43/102

7.


44/102

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TI

ocinskyciuiui

mevre

seflca

`sterkakfk

bbmb

verkafktkr.

TI

SS

Q

-

--

enka

7.22.

Mkyct bnf-èrkakf

nbrbnterkstkn

z

erksk

ve

mkyct

seflca.

Mk[ct

lkr

yime

bnrfr

èkrery bnsk

yime bnf

èkrfeyei

knk

uau lkr

mevre eaefbrumrr.

7.=.

KZKA

LBKFAKN

Mk[ctabri

hnbfb

ve

èkrfe

yiime

leakrak lkr

èrkakf

kki

bnrtbjbr

bnf,

hef

27

hef z|

kae

crbiha cafbsr ve

hef me

W0

?

n]

/

q

lbihs

iemeik

kae

sjbnarb

lbamu. Lu

etnkaer

iemeik

kae

èkrfe

yi

kki

mkyctui

bnf-èrkakf

erksk

sjbnan

bkttnb

scab

teaeikr-

Bnrfi

leakrak

lkr

meerk

kki

èrkakf

mekkfk

-

*--*S

aS

kO

ME@E\ MEW\E

mkyc

mkyct

mkreijk

ve

èrkakf

nbyib kae bbmbnk

`klk

a'/,

E

lkr

|- k t*,rXe

k k

a*tk

Mk,*

ak*k*kk

-*

2r,

enka

7.2:.

Mkyct ve e

meer

mevresk.

Mkyct

tbirf

lbitrsimbnk

stea kgbme iemeik

kae

akieer

cafbybi

lkr mevre eaefbimrr.

Mkyctui

ektak

ncabyanabr

kki

e meer

mevresk

eame

emkakrnery

akr,eer cafbybi

nbrbnterkstkki

pbrb

pbrb

akieeraetkrkafesk

ybrmrfr

kae

sciujb vbrrar. Akieeraetkrkafk

mkyct

e

meer mevresk

bbmb

`sterkafktkr.

nka

ltr

}*sk2*tkkatk

$kt

Aakekk

km*ba K}k5

h,k*k*Kk

enka

7,2=.

Mkyct akieeraetkrkafk

e meer

mewesk.

7.7. M[C]

M\EIJ

Lkr mkyct leakrak lkr

W èrkakfme

èkrfe

yiime

nugupabisi.

Eer nugupabfb

èrkakrrk _W

nbmbr

mektkrkakrse

mkycttbi

bnbi bnrfmb

mb

B2

nbmbr

lkr

mekkf

caubjbr bbmbnk

`klk

`sterkaelkakr.

Lu

mekkfe

`re leaak lkr

bafb

icntbsimb

(K

6

Kp)

bbmbnk `klk

tbrufabibi

lynae

mkyctui

nkkkn kbret mkrejk

(mkibikn mkrei) bm

verkakr.

mva

W-

2S2

'm maa,,

K

,-,M


46/102

BK

enka

7.25.

TI

ocinskyciuiui

mkibfkn mkreijkiki

tbirfabifbs.

7.'0. TI

KCINZ[CI

NBTBsr`s

}cinskyci

Nbpbsktesk?

TI

ocinskyciu

èk laèskiki

btf kyciabrrui

cauturmuu

ie`bgkg

ve

pczktkg ynaer

ynaerki

meerk,.=

ybrkaetneiki

neskt babir

cafbn kzere

her

knk

ybirimb babi

ve verei

nbtnr

fevjuttur. Lkrlkraerkie

ekt cabi

-lu

R

6

qBIpxi

cabrbn

verkakr.

]rnbfb

yiime

nugupabfb

murufuimb

èk

laèskimenk

pctbrskyea semmk

ie`btkgse)

ynseaeren

Wb

-

W cabjbimbi,

xi

Agbmesk

hbakik

barr.

Lu murufmb

lkrknei

R

yn

R6

qBIc

cabrbn hesbpabrur.

4

ynii

0

èrkakfkie

`re

mekkfk

ocinskyc

nbbskaesk,

'rkrr

vbraru

`sterkr?

J,6

J,(W)6

mW

Lu muruf

ocinskyci

nbpbsktesk

tnbfb

yiime

nugupabibi lkr mkyctui

nbpbskteskiki

èrkakf

kae

me.tkkaelkae

lkr nkimrsbtr

cabrbn

nuaabruablkaejekik

`sterkr.

Lu

bfbab nuaabruabi

mkyctabr

nipbskte

mkybtab

(bbrntcr,

,bknbp)

bmrir barrabr.

Nbpbskte

mkyctabrr

bntkg

gkatreaer,

grenbis

bprjabr

vl.

eaentrcikn uyùabfbabrmb

ynsen grenbisar

rezcibis mevreaerkiki

tbsbrabifbsimb

nuaabiarr.

Lkr

nbpbskte

mkyctui

nbpbskteskiki

èrkakfae mekkfk

J

6

J(W)

mekkfk

bbmb

verkafktkr.

mR

i,.(,-ggk)


47/102

enka

7.27.

Mkyctui

(J

-

W)

mekkfk ve

mevre seflca.

Lu

nbrbnterkstke

`re

mkyctui

èkrfe yiime nutupabifbsr

hbakime èkrfe

bnrf

nbpbskteyk

itaeyejekimei

(pbrbaea

cabjbimbi), èkrfe

yikkime

nutupabibi

mkyctui

nbpbskte

mkycmu

cabrbn nuaabiafbsr sz nciusu mekamkr.

.

Mkgzyci

nbpbsktesk?

@ekrfe yiime nutupabibi

lkr

mkycttb

ocinskyci

nbpbsktesk

ybiimb

tkk.gakzkc

nb?pbsktesk,

Jb

meikaei

lkr

mker

nbpbsktkg etnk

kae

nbrabrar.

Lu

lyn

meerak nbpbskte

ocinskycr

ybniimbnk

èk laèskikrr

mimb mepc

emkaerr

ynaerki

uyùabibi

èrkakrr.ae

mekkfk

sciuju

cauur

ve bbmbnk

`klk

kgbme

emkaelkakr.

Y4

b6F

7.s.

K@

CAB[K

ve

_EIE\

M[CMU

meba

ve

mcyfbmb cabi

lkr

mkycgui

tbirf lbitsr

aWa

99 Wr cafbsr

murufuimb lkae

mkycttbi

lkr /`

mcyfb

bnrfr bnfbsrir

èrentkrkr.

Gbnbt èren

lkr ybikaetai

mkycttb

lu bnf

leakrak lkr

erkaki}er

urrb

eikmei bytbvu Abar.

Lu mukukrr _e,iey

,-,t

mr.,2," merkaei

./e

bbamb

bnabibi

cabyabr

sciuju

caublkakr>

2) _eier

Cary?

Gbzab

nbtnrabifr ybrrkaetneiaerme

èk

laèsk

èikakk mbr

cabjbimbi,

tnbfb

yi èrkakfkiki

leaak

lkr

meerkimei scirb èk

laèskimenk

babi

kmmetk

ybrkaetnei

btcfabrrib bkt eaentrcrbrr ncpbrtblkaejen nbmbr

ynsen lkr

meere

(r? Zkaksyuf kki

:44 nW/

jf) uabbrbn,

.cn gbzab sbymb

serlest

eaentrciui caufbsib

iemei

cablkakr.

Lyaeje

mkyct

bnrfr lkrmeilkre brtbr.


48/102

enka

7.20. _eier mkyct bnf-èrkakf nbrbnterkstkk ve mevre

seflca.

7.;.

]IEA M[CMU

TI

ocinskyciuimb

nbtn

btcfabrr

sbysr

cn

gbzab

brtrrarrsb

ocinskyci

pctbiskyea muvbr

èikhà

mbrbarr.

yae

nk

nbtn

btcfabr

ycurauu 242;

jf-:'e

ynseatkakrse

pctbiskyea muvbrr

èikakk 24-7

jf'ye

nbmbr

mer.

Lu

meer

i

mba`b lcyuiui 2/54'sk nbmbrmr.

Nabskn

tecrkye

`re

lkr

tbiejkki

pctbiskyea

muvbrrir

èfesk

kki

eierokskiki

muvbr

nbara

mknnbte

barifbnsrzi ei bz

pctbrrskyea

muvbrrii eierokskie ekt cafbsr

èrenkr.

Luib

nbri Zjhrcmkièr

mba`b meinaefk pctbiskyea

muvbrr nbarrnabrrii

cn

kije

cafbsr murufuimb,

tbiejknaerki

muvbr kkimei

èfe

khtkfbaaerkiki

lyn camuuiu

`sterfentemkr,

Nubituf

fenbikk

kae

brnabiblkaei

lu

cabyb

tkiea

bkby

(gukeaaefe)

ve

luiu tefea

babi

ynsen nbta

ycuiauu kae

retkaei

mkyctabrb hkiea mkyctar bmr

verkakr. Esink ra,kycku

cabrbn mb

lkakiei

tk,kiea

mkycmu

barfbsr

kae A. Esbnk

2;0:'me

Iclea

btat

bafrtr.

enka

7.28.

]kkiea

mkyct bnf-èrkakf nbrbnterkstkk

ve mevre seflca.

]iea mkyct

èkrfeme

nutupabirrsb

2,

ve

2,

brbsrimbnk

herhbi`k

lkr

bnf

meerkie

gbrnh

èrkakfae

uabblkaieyk

(bn

aeerakakn)

sb|br.

Wc

k|e

Wu èrkakfaerk

brbsimb

ie`btkg

mkreiak

cafbn

zere

cn

kyk

kaetnei

zeaakk

`sterkr.

cn

meerakakn fbihn mevreaerkime

bibhtbr cabrbn,

ie`btkg

mkrei kae

ksteifeyei mkrei

etnksk

ycn

kki

kmeba

cafbybi ncimbisbtr ve

lclki

kae

tbsbrabibi

ynsen grenbisar cskabtraerme

ve

ynseateaerme nuaabi?Vr. [nsen grenbisabrmb

bablkakr

ve

`

sbrgkybh ikspetei mnttkr.

LuiurVb

lkraknte

ie`btkg

mkreijk

iemeik

kae

ncitrca zcr

(nbrbrar

meka) ve ksteifeyei

kbret

lczuafbabrib

iemei

cablkakr.

.

sjactta"

mkqbgu?

Mn

trnbfb

èrkakfk sevkyeak,

cn

arza

bibhtbrabfb

ybpblkaei

ve

mn

nbpbskte `sterei

ynsen grenbisabrmb (fknrcmba`b)

bablkaei

Zjabtt}ty mkyctu \G

nbrtrrrjrabrmb

mementr,

ynsen `

uyùabfbabrrimb

mcruatuju,

"

ù

veyb mevresk",

ìe

pbieaaerkime

bibhtbr, trbiskstraerme

tuzabifb

sbabfbn

kki

(L

ve

J

brbsrib) neaepe

cabrbn

nuaabirVrr.


49/102

7.24.

MK[C]

U[@UABFBAB\K

7."O,b.2.

M

cuatujuabr

Eaentrcikn

mevreaerk acr

{zbki

mekijye) èrkakf

veyb

bnrf

(MJ)

retei

8

nbyibnabrib

gtkyb

`sterkraer.

Mn à skstefaer

kki

lbtbrybabr

yeterak cafbnab

lerbler

ynsen

à skstefaerme

bateitk '(?briiab

mekez)

èrkakf

veyb

bnrfr

(BJ)

mcru èrkakf

veyb

bnrfb

mitkkrejen mcuatujkbr

kh?yb

muyuaur.

Lu

tr mkyctabr ybrmrf

kae

ybpabi mevreaer

-

[brrf

mba`b mcruatujuabrr,

-

]bf

mba`b

mcruatujuabrr

cabrbn

lkakikraer.

7

"24.


50/102


51/102

gu

#

enka

7.Vk?.?.o?*akVka?

eg,?

k

v>V *

k

???V?6>?????>?V???kak?? .a ?-

ok

?.,

,VV

7

,a>,,

,. ., ,E

a'

m?'.,,ok>a

,,-a

o

?r|

2

m,

enka

7.


52/102

*

]"

"

-

ak}.V

}kk

Zkggk

p-t

tr&,akk

QZa{}a"k"^

QQaUt

22

ka,

}}

Qtk2

?

Qtk

2

>

k

k?

.'Gkt'.,k?akrk

&w?tr.],:ry=ry7>**..

.

.

?,

at"

*t

`utt*

r&*y

]*ip*,*tr

ke

]rgg*>qt

T*

`

a ?kp.k>,? kakt

2

{>$k*kggk3

kl rkf7$DbB.a&&,gurYk'

?,,.

.*kV

.tr T,,i?

^h*i`

.?,

kkt

Vk'gt

,}

:o i*

|g

kkkk

'c,,at>r* >ta

{

ktr,**ak

2. S S.

ak., ?.

,.

,-,

trKA

,

=?{w+ggk>Vm{a

,',

,', +k:5'{)

+*,?.-a

,.

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k

k

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kkk,tA

k{ 2n

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ataQ2(

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a

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aa

ta

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.

?

,

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t

Qk^

k}r|

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kg.2}

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,

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2 r,-, .

*a k;k

t ,S. ,

a {it x et

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?

2

?

k?

V

V

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gu*}.$tub

k,

a

katV

rb?a

2,.

k,-, k

k>?kko?-ak

}>>.}2.2.'}"*,:,{a',

2">k?>,,a

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ka, 2.

2,

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>

Q

,?

t

?.kkk?

2

>

tSa } -

ob

b

>k

kakk,.k,-k?.?", ?k't

kk

>

.k

a'a..

ak,.t

;o,?ka

enka

7.


53/102

7"22"

T\CLAEFAE\

2)

Wt

6

a_W

-A

+

4.0

W

4.:

W

@e

Wc

\65.7

nR

enkae

`re>

b) \

mkreijk

zerkimei

bnbi bnrfr luatiuz.

l)

Mkyctabr ters lbabirrsb

sz nciusu bnrfi meerk

ie

caur3


54/102

=)

enkae

`re

A/7,

Ki,Kc

ve 2p< meeraerkik

hesbpabyiz3

(WrQ?Wur?4.0

W)

Wk624

W

5)

enkae

`re

2

bnfii

meerkik hesbpabyiza

(Wz

-

WM,

?4.0

W

)

Mt

W6


55/102

:.:

nc

8)

Wk6


56/102

2)

Werkaei

enkae

`re

K0 ve

\5

meeraerkik

hesbpabyrz3

(az6

2=,

K


57/102


58/102

0. ]\BIsksri

z.r.

`kt

cAB\>cxskvcIau

r\bIsksri

EK])

Lkpcabr

Ocinskyciau

]rbiskstr

(Lkpcabr

|jtkci

],bskstbr-LO])

ybrkaetnei

bnrf

ncitrca

eaefbrabri?i

kan kkveskmkr.

Lkr LO]

knk

I

tk.kr

ybrkaetnei

laè brbsib

cn

kije

(|

pf

mbhb mbr)

lkr

T

tr ybrkaetnei

tblbnb

kae

byraf lkr skstei

cabrbn

èrenaetkrkakr.

Lu

ttkr trbiskstre

ggTI

tkoio ]rbiskstr,

knk

T tkpk

ybrrkaetnei

laè

brbsaib

kije lkr I

tkpk

ybrrkaetnei

tblbnbii

cauturuafbsr kae feymbib

èaei

trbiskstre

kse

TIT t'kik ]rbskstr

meikakr.

Her

knk

trbiskstrme

brbmbnk

laèye Lbz

(Lbse),

uabrmbnk

laèaere

Eetr

(Ektter)

ve Ntakekr

(Jcaaejtcr)

bm

verkakr.

enka

0.2. Lkpcabr

ocinskyciau

kan trbiskstr ve

ektak

`rifaerk.

ITI

ve

TIT

tk.ar trbiskstraerki

mevre seflca

ve

èiea ybps

bbmb

`sterkafktkr.

O.

K(caaenkr

]a

b

NcKentr

0'

Ki

a/

#g-

a'"

Efetr

B

|a,

Efetr

ITI

]rbiskstr

TIT

]rbiskstr

enka

0.


59/102

enka

0.:. LO]

ybimbi

ve sttei

`rtkif.

LO]

bafb

preisklkiki

biabafbs kki

s

ubtaekk

nuaabiSVblkakr.

Luib `re

lbz

(L)

la`eskimei `imerkaei ncitrca

suyu

kae,

ncaaentr

(J)

kae

`sterkaei

bib

tbintbi efetr

(E)

kae

`sterkaei

lafe ie nbmbr su

bnhabjbr

ncitrca

emkakr.

Lu fcmeame eaentrcikn

biabfmb

su

yerkie

eaengukn bnrfr

miaeren trbiskstri

barfb

preisklk

biabablkakr.

enka

0.=. LO] su

fcmeak.

0.


60/102

c

Eaenrci

c

Meakn

Wjb

.

enka

0.5.

Lbz laèsk

èik

cabi

LO]

èiea

ybpasa.

enkame

`sterkamkk

`klk

lbz laèskiki uzuiauuiui

yeterkije èik

ve

eaentrcabri

lu

laè

kerkskimenk Ai

mkgko.qci

uzbnaii yeterkije

lyn cafbsr

iemeik kae,

efetrmeilbzb

èei eaentrcrabr

lbz

laèskimenk

curun

tbryrjrabrr

cabi meaknaerae lkraeeren

ycn

cabjbnabrrimbi,

ncaaentr-lbz

(J-L)

ocinskyciuib

erkefezaer

ve efetrmei

ncaaentre mcru

bnrf bnfbz.

Zbmeje

efetr

lbz

ocinskyciu

èkrfe

yiime

nugupabimimbi

sbmeje

efetrmei

lbzb

mcru

bnrf

bnbr.

Lu

murufmb

J-L

ocinskyciu

trnbfb

yiime

nugupabimrimbi,

lu

ocinskycimbi

sbmej

ajsc

mcyfb

bnrfr bnbjbnhr.

[bik

brb

laèiki

yeterkije

èik

cafbs

murufuimb E-L ve

J-L

ocinskyci

bnrfabrr

lkrlkrkimei

tbfbfei

lbfszmrr.

0.


61/102

Ncaaentre

èei

eaentrciabri bnttr

bnfabr,

brb laème

lkr

nrsrf eaentrci-meakn

lkraefeaerk kae caubi

eaentrci sbyrsrimbnk

bzbafbabr

iemeik

kae

E-L

ocinskycr

bnfimbi

lkrbz

mbhb

bzmrr.

Lu gbrn

lbz laèskimei

èernei meaknaerae

lkraeei bz

sbymbnk

eaentrciabrb nbr

mei bnrfb ybik

renbArt,bsqc

,k*abi

ekttkr.

]rbiskstrme -L bnfabrimbi

lbnb>

-

Lbzmbi

efetre

mkgzycrkab

èei

meaknaerki

bnrtt

bnrfabr,

-

]nbfb yiime nutupabibi

J-L

ocinskyciuiui mcyfb

bnrfr,

vbrmr. Eer

efetr

nbtn

ycuikuu lbz nbtnr ycuiauuib

`re lyn

ybprarsb meakn

mkgzyci

bnrfr

eaenh"ci

mkgzyci

bnrfrii

ybiimb khfba emkaelkakr.

Byrrjb J-L

mcyfb bnrfr

mb sci

mereje nntk.kr. Luib `re

LV]'me

hbnkf bnrfabr

E-L eaentrci

bnfabrmrr. Bbmb

ITI

LO] kki

eaenhci

ycuiauuiui lbz lcyuijb mekkfk

knk

byrr

murufmb kki

verkafktkr.

enka0,0.

Eaentrci ycuruuiui

lbz

lcyuijb

mekkfk?

Lbz kk

lkraefeaerki

b)

khfba emkafesk

hbak, l)

khfba emkafefesk

hbak.

0.


62/102

MS

i3

]Y

SBb

y

e-/Lav|

AT

'

Ac

Iuu

caur.

Lyaeje

tcpabf

efetr

bnfr

25.regerbis

yiaerkik me

mknnbte

babrbn

K

u

6

K

Y

2

K

uc

6

-a

*r(e

i*

h

-a)

cabrbn

verkakr.

Lurbmb

2E75

bnrfr

E-L

ocinskyciui

`ekrfe

yiime bntt

mcyfb

bnrfmu.

Trbtknte

K`

9 Kiss

veybW``

99

camuuimbi

27

bnrfr

ybnabn

cabrbn bbmbnk `klk ybzKblkakr.

KL

6

,K``,e-Wr/Wr

0.


63/102

0.:.

C\]BNLB_A|

MEW\E

Lbz

uju

`krk

veyb

n

cabrbn nuaabrafbybrr ve

27

bnrfr

efetr-lbz

èrkakfk

(veyb efetr

bnf)

tbrbgkimbi

ncitrcO emkaer

LO]'ak

mevreye brtin

ltza m.ei,e

meik|kr ve èiea ybpr bbmb

`sterkafkkkr.

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67/102

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0.5.


69/102

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71/102

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72/102

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Documents

Elektronik - Dr. Serkan Aksoy Elektronik Elemanlar Ders Notları