ElementElements and Compounds Lithium and SodiumStructure of Atom

Compounds

A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion.

Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.

Objectives:

Occurrence, extraction, properties and Uses of Lithium.

Occurrence, extraction, properties and Uses of Sodium.

The s-Block Elements

ElementElements and Compounds Extraction of SulphurNon-metals

Compounds

A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion.

Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.

Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil PetroleumThe s-Block Elements

Lithium

Lithium is the first member of the alkali metal family. It is the least dense of all metals.

Diagonal Relationship and IrregularityLithium and Sodium

ElementElements and Compounds Extraction of SulphurNon-metals

Compounds

A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion.

Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.

Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil PetroleumStructure of AtomThe s-Block Elements

Occurrence of Lithium

The abundance of lithium in the Earth's crust is estimated to be about 0.005 percent.

Lithium and Sodium

The most common ores of lithium are spodumene, lepidolite and amblygonite. Lithium is also obtained from saltwater.

ElementElements and Compounds Extraction of SulphurNon-metals

Compounds

A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion.

Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.

Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil PetroleumStructure of Atom

1) Conversion of Lithium into Lithium chloride 2) Electrolysis of Lithium chloride

The s-Block Elements

Extraction of Lithium

Lithium and Sodium

• The ore is heated at 1373 K to convert into less dense form. It is then washed with sulphuric acid at 523 K and leached with water to give lithium sulphate monohvdrate (Li2SO4.H2O).

• It is then treated with sodium carbonate solution and HCI, which gives insoluble lithium carbonate and finally lithium chloride.

The extraction of Lithium from its minerals involves two steps:

Conversion of Lithium into Lithium chloride:

ElementElements and Compounds Extraction of SulphurNon-metals

Compounds

A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion.

Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.

Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil PetroleumStructure of AtomThe s-Block Elements

Extraction of Lithium

Lithium and Sodium

Dry lithium chloride is fused with potassium chloride in the ratio of 55: 45 respectively. The process takes place in the electrolytic cell. Potassium chloride is added to lower the temperature and to increase the conductivity of Lithium chloride.

Electrolysis of Lithium chloride :

ElementElements and Compounds Extraction of SulphurNon-metals

Compounds

A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion.

Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.

Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil PetroleumStructure of Atom

Properties of Lithium

The s-Block Elements Lithium and Sodium

Lithium is a very soft, silvery metal.

Being smallest in the size of the elements of group-I the values of its melting point, boiling point and ionization enthalpy are the highest.

ElementElements and Compounds Extraction of SulphurNon-metals

Compounds

A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion.

Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.

Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil PetroleumStructure of Atom

Lithium is used as an alloying agent, in synthesizing organic compounds, and is added to glasses and ceramics.

The s-Block Elements

Uses of Lithium

Lithium and Sodium

Its high electrochemical potential makes it useful for battery anodes.

Lithium greases are used in military, industrial, automotive, aircraft, and marine applications.

It is used as reducing agent.

ElementElements and Compounds Extraction of SulphurNon-metals

Compounds

A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion.

Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.

Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil PetroleumStructure of AtomThe s-Block Elements

Sodium

It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal and is a member of the alkali metals.

Lithium and Sodium

ElementElements and Compounds Extraction of SulphurNon-metals

Compounds

A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion.

Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.

Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil PetroleumStructure of AtomThe s-Block Elements Lithium and Sodium

Occurrence of Sodium

Sodium is the sixth most abundant element in the Earth's crust.

Sodium metal, being very reactive, is not available free in and exists in numerous minerals such as rock salt, chilie salt petre and borax.

ElementElements and Compounds Extraction of SulphurNon-metals

Compounds

A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion.

Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.

Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil PetroleumStructure of AtomThe s-Block Elements Lithium and Sodium

Extraction of Sodium

The industrial production of sodium is carried out via Down cell by electrolysis of sodium chloride melted at 1123 K.

ElementElements and Compounds Extraction of SulphurNon-metals

Compounds

A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion.

Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.

Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil PetroleumStructure of AtomThe s-Block Elements Lithium and Sodium

Physical Properties of Sodium

Freshly exposed, sodium has a bright, silvery luster that rapidly tarnishes, forming a white coating of sodium

hydroxide and sodium carbonate.

ElementElements and Compounds Extraction of SulphurNon-metals

Compounds

A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion.

Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.

Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil PetroleumStructure of AtomThe s-Block Elements Lithium and Sodium

Chemical Properties of Sodium

Reactivity towards dioxygen

Reactivity towards water

Reactivity towards dihydrogen

Reactivity towards halogen

ElementElements and Compounds Extraction of SulphurNon-metals

Compounds

A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion.

Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.

Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil PetroleumStructure of AtomThe s-Block Elements Lithium and Sodium

Uses of Sodium

Sodium used as reducing agent, as liquid coolant in atomic reactor, as vapour in sodium light and in dyes industry.