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Finnigan™ ELEMENT2
Analyze • Detect • Measure • Control™
High PerformanceHigh Resolution ICP-MS
m a s s s p e c t r o m e t r y
An Instrument for every Application
A success story around the world with over 300 instrumentsinstalled, for example:
Finnigan™
ELEMEN
T2H
igh Performance H
igh Resolution ICP-MS
Finnigan™ ELEMENT2High Performance High Resolution ICP-MS
Belgium: OCAS.Research centre for the application of steelwith New Wave laser ablation system.
www.ocas.be
Sweden: Analytica AB.Scandinavia’s leading contract lab withEmma Engström.
www.analytica.se
Canada: Seastar Chemicals Inc.A manufacturer of high purity chemicalswith Dr. Brad McKelvey.
www.seastarchemicals.com
USA: Micron Technology Inc.Advanced semiconductor solutions withKevin Coyle.
www.micron.com
Germany: Institute for Transuranium Elements.Shown with a glovebox for radioactivesample measurements.
http://itu.jrc.cec.eu.int
USA: Desert Research Institute.Hydrologic Sciences Division withSteve Lambert.
www.dri.edu
• Multielement analysis across the periodic table coveringa mg/L to sub pg/L concentration range– Compatible with inorganic and organic solution
matrices and solids
• High mass resolution to access spectrally interfered isotopes– Produces unambiguous elemental spectra
• A multielemental detector for transient signals– For example, CE, HPLC, GC, FFF and laser ablation
• High precision isotope ratios– Independent of interferences or interfered isotopes
• Fully automated tuning and analysis– In conjunction with a comprehensive, customizable
quality control system
• Reliability and robustness to serve as a 24 / 7 productioncontrol tool– Highest sample throughput
• Highest flexibility and accessibility toserve as an advanced research tool
The unequivocal separation of analyte ionsfrom spectral interferences is a prerequisiteof accurate and precise analysis. High massresolution is the universal means for thisseparation.
Spectral interferences are the mainlimitation of ICP-MS. The argon plasma gas,water, acid and the sample matrix itself cancombine to introduce a wide range of poly-atomic ion species. The resultant interferingspecies may have the same nominal massas an analyte ion and thus return a falselyhigh value for the analyte. Numerousstrategies have been used in order to try tominimize or circumvent the formation ofthese spectral interferences. These includemathematical corrections, special sampleintroduction systems, special plasmaparameters and collision/dynamic reactioncells to neutralize part of the interferences.High resolution with a sector-field massspectrometer simply distinguishes theanalyte from interference by difference inmass.
The capability of high mass resolution isa feature unique to the Finnigan™ ELEMENT2.This ability can be used for quantification andisotope ratio analysis for nearly the wholeperiodic table, and in almost all matrices.
Even in a sample matrix as simple asultra pure water (UPW), interferencesdo exist especially at low analyteconcentration levels:
High Mass ResolutionFinnigan™
ELEMEN
T2H
igh Performance H
igh Resolution ICP-MS
27.95Mass [u]
27.94 27.96 27.97 27.98 27.99 28.00 28.01
28Si
12C16O
14N2
43.90Mass [u]
28Si16O
12C16O2
44Ca
43.92 43.94 43.96 43.98 44.00
Silicon in UPW, Medium Resolution
Phosphorus in UPW, Medium Resolution
Calcium in UPW, Medium Resolution
30.94 30.95 30.96 30.97 30.98 30.99 31.00 31.01Mass [u]
15N16O
14N16OH
30.94 30.95 30.96 30.97 30.98 30.99 31.00 31.01Mass [u]
31P
Zoom in
The more complex the sample matrix, thewider the range of interferences that willoccur. The main advantage of high massresolution as a technique to remove spectralinterferences is that it is not just limited to aparticular type of interference. With highmass resolution, iron at m/z 56 is easilyseparated in a simple matrix from 40Ar16O aswell as in more complex matrices from, forexample, 40Ca16O.
Arsenic at m/z 75 can be determined inHCl, separated from the 40Ar 35Cl interference,or, in a matrix containing Ca and chloride,from 40Ca35Cl.
Matrices such as mineral acids andorganic solvents, which form a plethora ofspectral interferences, can be easilyanalyzed using the high resolution mode.
High resolution results in simple clearspectra and does not create newinterferences.
Iron in Liquid Crystal Matrix, Cold Plasma, Medium Resolution
Zinc in H2SO4 (10 % w/w), High Resolution
Nickel Isotopes in Groundwater, Medium Resolution
Mass [u]
32S32S
32S16O2
63.89 63.90 63.91 63.92 63.93 63.94 63.95 63.96 63.97
Mass [u]
64Zn
63.89 63.90 63.91 63.92 63.93 63.94 63.95 63.96 63.97
Zoom in
Mass [u]
40Ar16O
55.80 55.85 55.90 55.95 56.00 56.05 56.10
56Fe
12C216O2
59.88
Mass [u]
32S16O12C
59.90 59.92 59.94 59.96 59.98 60.90 60.92 60.94 60.96 60.98 61.92 61.92 61.94 61.96 61.9860.88 61.88
60Ni
46Ca16O43Ca16OH
44Ca16OH
61Ni62Ni
44Ca16O
Resolution Specification(10 % peak valley definition)3 fixed resolutions:Low Resolution > 300Medium Resolution > 4000High Resolution > 10000
Finnigan™
ELEMEN
T2H
igh Performance H
igh Resolution ICP-MS
Principle
The Finnigan ELEMENT2 is adouble focusing magnetic sectorfield ICP-MS.
Plasma and InterfaceThe argon plasma ion source and samplinginterface of the Finnigan ELEMENT2 are atground potential1. This enables thestraightforward coupling of peripherals likeHPLC, CE, GC and laser ablation. TheFinnigan ELEMENT2 interface reduces theinitial kinetic energy spread from ~20 to~5 eV by capacitively decoupling the plasmafrom the load coil, using a grounded guardelectrode. This reduced energy spreadincreases the ion transmission and deliverssuperior sensitivities at all resolutions.
The ion transfer optics focus the ionsfrom the plasma interface on the entranceslit of the double focusing analyzer. TheFinnigan ELEMENT2 ion transfer optics aredesigned for low background, highestsensitivity and minimum mass bias atmaximum stability 2.
High ResolutionThe Finnigan ELEMENT2 is able to fullyautomatically change between three fixedresolutions by switching the positions of theentrance and exit slits in < 1 s. The patenteddesign of the fixed slit mechanism3 offersmaximum stability and reproducibility ofresolutions.
1 Patent issued: US 5552599, GB 22824792 Patent issued: US 56251853 Patent issued: US 5451780, GB 2281438
• Ion Transfer OpticsGuarantees a flat response curve,low background and high sensitivity
• 3 fixed resolutions:R = 300R = 4000R = 10000
• Highly laminated, water cooledmagnet, m/z: 7 - 240 - 7 in < 150 ms
• 25 ppm/8 hour mass stability
HRMRLR
• Simultaneous measurement in analogand counting modes
• > 109 linear dynamic range• < 0.2 cps dark noise• Fully automatic cross calibration
• Interface at ground potential• Easily changeable cones• Resistant against chemicals
• Torch with Guard Electrode (GE)The GE decreases the ion energy spread, thus increasingion transmission. This and the high acceleration voltageused in a sector field ICP-MS results in increasedsensitivity. The GE is also required for Cold Plasmameasurements
Mass SeparationThe magnetic field disperses ions accordingto their mass and energy. The magnet usedin the Finnigan ELEMENT2 is specificallydesigned for use in ICP-MS applications. Itis relatively small (sufficient for the massrange 0 – 260 u), highly laminated andefficiently water-cooled for the highestmass stability. Changing of the magneticfield is controlled by a magnetic fieldregulator with a new high power stage,which delivers the fastest scan speed everpossible with a magnetic sector fieldinstrument 4.
After passing through the magneticfield the ions enter the electrostaticanalyzer for energy focusing. Thecombination of the magnetic andelectrostatic fields results in the doublefocusing, high resolution properties of theFinnigan ELEMENT2.
Detection SystemThe Finnigan ELEMENT2 is equipped with adiscrete dynode detector system. Ratherthan having the ion beam directly strike thedetector to initiate an electron cascade, thesecondary electron multiplier implementedin the Finnigan ELEMENT2 uses aconversion dynode at -8 kV, producing auniform response across the mass range.The detector is linear over nine orders ofmagnitude – from ppq to ppmconcentrations. The quantification of traceand major elements is therefore possible ina single analysis.
4 Thermo Electron Application Note AN30011_E12/03C
Resolution
Low ResolutionLow resolution (R = 300) is used for theanalysis of non-interfered isotopes. In thismode the Finnigan ELEMENT2‘s sensitivityis the highest of all commercially availableICP-MS instruments. Additionally, the flattop peak shape is an advantage for highprecision isotope ratio measurements.
Medium ResolutionMedium resolution (R = 4000) guaranteesinterference-free analysis for most elementsin the majority of sample matrices. Forexample, transition elements are routinelymeasured in medium resolution due to theformation of many interfering polyatomicspecies in the mass range 24 – 70 u.
High ResolutionHigh resolution (R = 10000) is used for theanalysis of elements in the mostchallenging sample matrices. For example,high resolution is used to separate As andSe from argon dimer interferences andargon chloride interferences in chlorinematrices, heavy rare earth elements fromlight rare earth element oxides in geologicalmatrices, platinum group elements fromargon-transition metal molecular species,and/or the oxides of Hf, Ta and W.
Finnigan™
ELEMEN
T2H
igh Performance H
igh Resolution ICP-MS
115.2
350000
300000
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0114.6 114.7 114.8
Inte
nsity
[cps
]
114.9Mass [u]
115.0 115.1
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
0114.88 114.89 114.90
Inte
nsity
[cps
]
6000
5000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
Inte
nsity
[cps
]
Mass [u]114.91 114.92
114.895 114.900Mass [u]
114.905 114.910
100 ng/L 115In, Low Resolution
100 ng/L 115In, Medium Resolution
100 ng/L 115In, High Resolution
Since the change in mass resolution isachieved by changing the width of theentrance and exit slits of the massspectrometer, the instrumental sensitivityof a high resolution ICP-MS is dependenton the resolution mode used. Therefore,the Finnigan ELEMENT2 with three fixedresolutions has three sensitivities: the widerthe slit, the higher the sensitivity.
Fixed sensitivity ratio between resolutions:independent of mass and matrix.
Even in high resolution mode, the intrinsicsensitivity of the Finnigan ELEMENT2provides sub ppt detection limits.
0194.85
Mass [u]
Inte
nsity
[cps
]
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
194.90 194.95 195.00 195.05 195.10
179Hf16O
195Pt
052.0
Mass [u]
Inte
nsity
[cps
]
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
52Cr
52.2 52.4 52.6 52.8 53.0
40Ar12C
37Cl16O53Cr
0168.86
Mass [u]
Inte
nsity
[cps
]
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
169Tm
153Eu16O
168.88 168.90 168.92 168.94 168.96 168.98 169.00
100 µg/L Hafnium, 100 ng/L Platinum, High Resolution
Chromium in Blood, Medium Resolution
Thulium in Europium Matrix, High Resolution
Sensitivity SpecificationLow Resolution (R = 300)
115In > 1x106 cps/ppbMedium Resolution (R = 4000)
115In > 1x105 cps/ppbHigh Resolution (R = 10000)
115In > 1.5x104 cps/ppbBackground in all 3 resolutions < 0.2 cps
Finnigan™
ELEMEN
T2H
igh Performance H
igh Resolution ICP-MS
Sensitivity and Stability
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
225.4 225.6 225.8 226.0 226.2 226.4Mass [u]
Inte
nsity
[cps
]
bkg<0.2 cps
226Ra
bkg<0.2 cps
0.22.05.01.50.60.30.30.040.030.061.3
Medium52CrMedium47Ti
High155GdHigh75AsMedium79BrMedium66ZnMedium63Cu
Low151EuLow107AgLow90ZrLow23Na
ResolutionLoD [ng/L]in solution
Concentration [ppq]0
Nor
mal
ized
Inte
nsity
[ppq
]
1 2 3 4 5 60
1
2
3
4
5
6
Sensitivity and Low BackgroundIt is obvious that the highest instrumentalsensitivity is essential to achieve the lowestdetection limits. However, it is the signal tonoise ratio that dictates the detection limit.The Finnigan ELEMENT2 guarantees anoff-peak background of < 0.2 cps for allthree resolutions. Detection limits in thefg/L range are possible.
Detection Limits in ComplexMatricesEven in cases where the lowest detectionlimits are not the goal, the exceptionallyhigh sensitivity of the Finnigan ELEMENT2offers an important advantage. With thehigher sensitivity, higher dilution factors forcomplex matrices can be used withoutsacrificing detection limits.
Sensitivity and ‘Dilute and Shoot’The requirement for matrix separation forsamples such as seawater, mineral acids ororganic solvents is replaced by a simpledilution. Using this ‘dilute and shoot’approach, the matrix load on the sampleintroduction system, plasma and interface isreduced. This is also particularly importantfor the analysis of nuclear sample matriceswhere the minimization of waste is ofparamount importance.
Mineral Water, undiluted (5 % HNO3), ~200 fg/L Radium, Low Resolution
Detection Limits in 50 mg/L Uranium
226Ra, External Calibration, 1, 4, 6 pg/L, R2 = 1.000
120
100
80
60
40
20
00 5 10 15
Concentration [ppt]-5
Inte
nsity
[cps
]
5.1 ng/L As
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
Cu Zr Ag Ba Tl Cr Mn Li Na Feelement
Reco
very
[%]
4.0
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.8
5.0
5.2
5.4
5.6
5.8
6.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16analysis #
conc
entr
atio
n [p
pt]
Sn120(LR)2.5%
Fe56(MR)2.2%
As75(HR)4.1%
Signal Stability 2 Hours Low,Medium and High Resolution: 5 ng/L
Signal Stability and DetectionLimitsSector field ICP-MS offers superior iontransmission stability due to the highacceleration voltage (-8 kV) and excellentfocusing properties.
In combination with the high sensitivity,low background, interference-freemeasurements and an advanced sampleintroduction system, the Finnigan ELEMENT2delivers the lowest detection limits –independent of the sample matrix. Theresulting low detection limits combinedwith highest stability at single digit pptlevel enable quantification at the lowestconcentrations.
Standard Addition Analysis of Arsenic in HCl (10 % v/v)
1 ng/L Spike Recovery UPW
Stability Specifications< 1 % RSD in 10 minutes< 2 % RSD in 1 hour
Finnigan™
ELEMEN
T2H
igh Performance H
igh Resolution ICP-MS
Mass Stability
The mature design of theFinnigan ELEMENT2 delivers thefastest scan speed ever for amagnetic sector field ICP-MS.With the Finnigan ELEMENT2 ajump from 7 to 240 to 7 isrealized in < 150 ms.
ScanningRoutine scanning is performed by acombination of magnetic and electric jumps.
The Finnigan ELEMENT2 has the uniquecapability to scan +30% from the magnetmass by decreasing the accelerationvoltage. The magnetic field is kept constantwhile the acceleration voltage is varied.This ingenious combination of scantechniques delivers the fastest scanningever realized by a sector field ICP-MS.
Mass StabilityThe Finnigan ELEMENT2 guarantees thehighest mass stability of any ICP-MS. Thisenables fast peak top jumping analysesrather than scanning across the whole peak,thus significantly decreasing analysis times.A combination of mature hardware andintelligent software guarantees massstability in high resolution, which makesmass calibration a rare event.
The synthesis of these characteristicscombined with high sensitivity, allowingshort integration times, makes the FinniganELEMENT2 the fastest sector field ICP-MSever.
The scan speed of the FinniganELEMENT2 in combination with with thehigh sensitivity opens the dimension ofits use as a detector for fast transientsignals.
SpecificationsMass stability: 25 ppm / 8 hoursMagnetic scan speed: m/z 7 to 240 to 7 < 150 ms
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
7
238
0 50 100 150 200 250
Time (ms)
Coil Current (A) Mass (m/z)
5 ms 5 ms
5 ms5 ms 5 ms
m/z 7 - 23875 ms
m/z 238 - 750 ms
m/z 238 - 750 ms
m/z 7 - 23875 ms
77.921
77.92
77.919
77.918
77.917
77.916
77.915
77.914
77.913
Cent
roid
Mas
s
Analysis
y-scale is equivalent to peak width in high resolutiom
Timing for a Full Magnet Cycle
12-Hour Mass Stability for 78Se in high resolution
Ion Detection System
The goal of real life analysis isthe simultaneous determinationof major and trace elements. The Finnigan ELEMENT2 is equipped with adiscrete dynode detection system thatenables the quantification of both trace andmajor elements in a single analysis across adynamic range of 109.
The Finnigan ELEMENT2 detectorsystem incorporates a conversion dynode at-8 kV. The high acceleration to -8 kV resultsin a mass independent detector response,enabling fully automatic cross calibrationbetween the counting and analog modes.
No user interaction is necessary.
The automatic cross calibration ensures aconstantly updated detector response at alltimes – ready for the unexpected sample!
Additionally the detector enables themeasurement of large isotope ratios. Withthe minor isotope in counting mode and theabundant isotope in analog mode thehighest precision and accuracy can beobtained.
SpecificationsDynamic Range > 109 withautomatic gain calibration
e-
m +
countingsignal
Ions
Electrons
analogsignal
SEMConversionDynode
countinganalog
12345
Mass [u]204.4
100ng/L 205TI
204.6 204.8 205.0 205.2 205.4 205.60
50000
100000
150000
200000
0
20
40
60
80
100
Rel.
Inte
nsity
[%]
Inte
nsity
[cps
]
Analog: red lineCounting: blue line
Isotopes of Uranium
Determination of large Isotope ratios using the both modeblue signals = counting, red signals = analog
234
235
236
238
Finnigan ELEMENT2 Ion Detection System
Simultaneous Measurement of the Counting and Analog Signals
The Finnigan ELEMENT2 SoftwareThe Finnigan ELEMENT2 software controlsand monitors all instrument functions forICP-MS analysis. This includes dataacquisition and auto-tuning of the FinniganELEMENT2.
The software also provides the full rangeof quantification procedures required inelemental analysis (qualitative, quantitative,semi-quantitative, isotope dilution) as well asisotope ratio and time resolved analysismodes.
Controlling and Tuning
• Autotuning of all parameters, includingICP parameters, torch position, lenses andmultiplier voltage
• Fully automated and configurable plasmastart and stop sequence
• Easy autosampler setup using a graphicaldisplay of the autosampler
Setup of Methods• Intuitive and easy selection of target
isotopes in periodic table or spreadsheetdisplay modes
• Automatic, customized isobaricinterference correction
• Spreadsheet style ‘click-and-drag’ cell filldown
Creating and Running Sequences
• Intuitive and easy creation of sampleanalysis sequences in graphical orspreadsheet display modes
• Integrated powerful QA/QC package thatmeets internationally regulatedrequirements including US EPA 200.8,6020. The flexible editor included can beused to define specific QA/QC criteria inany laboratory.
Displaying Results and Creation
Displaying Results and Creationof Reports
• Real time display of spectra, calibrationcurves, fully quantitative results and timeresolved analyses
• On-line export of time resolved data inseveral formats (ASCII, GRAMS,Spectacle, GLITTER, ANDI Xcalibur® forfurther analysis in third party programs
Finnigan™
ELEMEN
T2H
igh Performance H
igh Resolution ICP-MS
The Software Suite
The Finnigan ELEMENT2 software is a state-of-the-art, simple to use software suite taking advantage ofthe reliability and stability of the modern operating system Microsoft® Windows® XP Professional. Thesoftware package is optimized for the needs of the routine analyst, providing stability and ease of use forbasic operation of the Finnigan ELEMENT2, and yet retains the flexibility for advanced operation.
Due to the use of the Microsoft Windows XP Professional operating system and standardizedprogramming, the data system computer can be easily connected to a network, enabling data transferand allowing remote control of the Finnigan ELEMENT2.
Instrument Startup and Tune
•Remote Control & Diagnostic
•Setting & Read-Back of All Instrument Parameters
Product Specification14
1
63
88
79
106
174
12510367
3736
141 33
Specifications and Installation RequirementsSensitivity (Concentric Nebulizer) > 1 x 109 counts per second (cps)/ppm InDetection Power < 1 ppq for non-interfered nuclidesDark Noise < 0.2 cpsDynamic Range > 109 linear with automatic gain calibrationMass Resolution 300, 4000, 10,000 (10 % valley, equivalent to 5 % height);
600, 8000, 20,000 (FWHM)Signal Stability < 1 % RSD over 10 minutes
< 2 % RSD over 1 hourScan Speed (magnetic) m/z 7 to 240 to 7 < 150 msScan Speed (electric) 1 ms/jump, independent of mass rangeOxide and Doubly Charged Ions ratio measured
BaO+/Ba+ < 0.002Ba2+/ Ba+ < 0.03
Power 3-phase, 230/400 V ±10 %,50/60 Hz fused 32 A per phasePower consumption: ~9 kVA
Environment Temperature 18 – 24 °C (64 – 75 °F)Humidity 50 – 60 %, noncondensing,non-corrosive
Cooling Water ~ 200 l/hTemperature 10 – 20 °C4 – 6 bar (43 – 65 psi)
Argon Purity 99.996 min.18 L/minRegulated pressure 8 –10 bar(116 –145 psi)Uninterrupted argon supply recommended
Plasma Exhaust 1 x 6 cm Ø; 90 m3/h(Argon + suspended sample)
Electronics Exhaust 2 x 15 cm Ø; 800 m3/h
Finnigan ELEMENT2, Footprint and Dimensions (all dimensions in cm)
In addition to these offices, ThermoElectron Corporation maintains a network of representative organizationsthroughout the world.
Australia+61 2 9898 1244 • [email protected]
Austria+43 1 333 50340 • [email protected]
Belgium+32 2 482 30 30 • [email protected]
Canada+1 800 532 4752 • [email protected]
China+86 10 5850 3588 • [email protected]
France+33 1 60 92 48 00 • [email protected]
Germany+49 6103 4080 • [email protected]
Italy+39 02 950 591 • [email protected]
Japan+81 45 453 9100 • [email protected]
Netherlands+31 76 587 98 88 • [email protected]
Nordic+46 8 556 468 00 • [email protected]
South Africa+27 11 570 1840 • [email protected]
Spain+34 91 657 4930 • [email protected]
Switzerland+41 61 48784 00 • [email protected]
UK+44 1442 233555 • [email protected]
USA+1 800 532 4752 • [email protected]
www.thermo.com
Plasma Capabilities from Thermo Electron
The use of an Inductively Coupled Plasmasource (ICP) is the accepted and mostpowerful technique for the analysis andquantification of trace elements in bothsolid and liquid samples. Its applicationsrange from routine environmental analysesto the materials industry, geologicalapplications to clinical research and fromthe food industry to the semiconductorindustry.
Thermo Electron Corporation is the onlyinstrument manufacturer to offer the fullrange of Inductively Coupled PlasmaSpectrometers (ICP-OES, Quadrupole andSector ICP-MS) to satisfy every aspect ofplasma spectrometry from routine to highlydemanding research applications.
Develop your lab from the easy-to-useIRIS Intrepid II ICP-OES to the highperformance X Series Quadrupole ICP-MSand up to the ultra-sophisticated Finnigan™
ELEMENT2 and Finnigan™ NEPTUNE SectorICP-MS instruments. Each instrumentcombines leading-edge technology, fit forpurpose and affordability with a tradition ofquality, longevity, accuracy and ease of use.
Finnigan ELEMENT2 Finnigan NEPTUNE
X Series ICP-MSIRIS Intrepid II
BR30027_E 05/04C
Thermo Electron (Bremen) GmbH is certified DIN EN ISO 9001:2000
©2004 Thermo Electron Corporation. All rights reserved.Microsoft and Windows are registered trade marks ofthe Microsoft Corporation. All other trademarks are theproperty of Thermo Electron Corporation and itssubsidiaries.
Specifications, terms and pricing are subject to change.Not all products are available in all countries. Pleaseconsult your local sales representative for details.
DIN EN ISO 9001:2000