Upload
pules
View
21
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Elements and Their Properties. Test on Friday March 15. Metals. Gold was the first metal used (6000 years ago) followed by copper and silver. Found on the periodic table to the left of the stair step. . Properties of Metals. Good conductors of heat and electricity - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
ELEMENTS AND THEIR PROPERTIESTest on Friday March 15
METALS Gold was the first metal used (6000 years
ago) followed by copper and silver. Found on the periodic table to the left of the
stair step.
PROPERTIES OF METALS Good conductors of heat and electricity All but one (Mercury) is a solid at room
temperature Reflect light (luster) Can be hammered into sheets (malleable) Can be stretched into wires (ductile)
BONDING IN METALS The atoms of metals give up electrons to the
atoms of nonmetals in ionic bonding. Occurs when a metal bonds to a nonmetal.
Positively charged metallic ions are surrounded by a cloud of electrons in metallic bonding. The electrons in metallic bonding move freely
between the atoms. Occurs when a metal bonds to another metal.
ALKALI METALS Group 1 on Periodic Table Have one electron in their outer energy level Have properties of all metals Softer than other metals Most reactive
They are so reactive they don’t exist by themselves in nature, only bonded to something else.
Li is used to treat bipolar disorder Used in batteries
ALKALINE EARTH METALS Group 2 on the Periodic Table Each AEM has two electrons in its outer
energy level. Very reactive Mg is used in fireworks Ca is a vitamin needed to stay healthy and
develop strong bones Ra is radioactive and used to treat cancers
TRANSITION ELEMENTS Groups 3 – 12 on the periodic table Most familiar Not very reactive Can be found in nature Iron, Cobalt, Nickel used to make steel and
other alloys (mixture of metals) Gold, silver and copper are known as the
coinage metals because they are used to make coins.
INNER TRANSITION METALS The bottom two rows on the periodic table Lanthanides
Elements 58 – 71 Combine to produce the colors on tv screens
Actinides Elements 90 – 103 Radioactive and Unstable Used in photography, nuclear reactors, and
weapons
METALS IN THE CRUST Metals are found in the earth’s crust and
must be mined and processed. They are originally ores (combined with other
elements) They are refined to separate the metal from
the rock This normally involves heating until the metal
melts. This process can be very expensive
METALS QUIZ What does it mean to be malleable? What does it mean to be ductile? What is luster? Where are the metals located on the periodic
table? What happens to the reactions of metals with
water as you move down the periodic table?
NONMETALS Usually gases or brittle solids at room
temperature Not malleable or ductile Do not conduct electricity or heat Not shiny Located on the right hand side of the stair
step (except for Hydrogen)
NONMETAL BONDING Nonmetals bonding can be ionic
One atom loses its outer electrons so another atom can take them
Or covalent Atoms share the outer electrons
HYDROGEN 90% of atoms in the universe are Hydrogen Most of the hydrogen on earth is found in
water Hydrogen is a diatomic molecule
Two identical atoms bond together You will never find H in nature, only H2
Very reactive because it only has one electron
Normally that electron is lost to form H+
HALOGENS Group 17 Very reactive Have 7 electrons in the outer energy level Forms a salt when it reacts with a nonmetal Used in pools, bleaches, toothpaste, and
cosmetics Iodine undergoes sublimation (changes from
a solid to a gas without turning into a liquid)
NOBLE GASES Group 18 They have a full outer energy level They are stable and no natural compounds
exist naturally Used in balloons and neon lights
NONMETALS QUIZ What does it mean to be a diatomic
molecule? How is H different from H+? How are solid nonmetals different from solid
metals? What happens to the electrons in an ionic
bond? What happens to the electrons in a covalent
bond?
METALLOIDS Can form ionic and covalent bonds with
metals and nonmetals Have metallic and nonmetallic properties Some can conduct electricity, but not very
well Sometimes called semiconductors Located on the stair step on the periodic
table (Al is on the stair step, but is NOT a
metalloid, Al is a metal)
BORON GROUP Consists of Boron
Used in laundry soap and antiseptic And Aluminum
Most abundant metal in the earth’s crust Strong and light weight Used in construction of buildings, cars and
airplanes
CARBON GROUP Consists of Carbon
Nonmetal Silicon
Used as a semiconductor (element that conducts electricity only under certain conditions) for electronics
Most silicon is found in sand, rocks, and dirt And Germanium
Used as a semiconductors
ALLOTROPES Allotropes are different forms of the same
element. Carbon has 8 allotropes