ELEX 6-10

BOOK REVIEW IN ELECTRONICS Electronics Principle By Malvino

15

CHAPTER 6 BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR

# DEFINITIONS TERMS

1)

Three doped region of transistor.

Emitter;

Base;

Collector

2)

The bottom region and heavily doped.

Emitter

3)

The middle region and lightly doped.

Base

4)

The top region, between heavily doped and lightly

doped.

Collector

5)

2 Junctions of transistor.

Emitter-Base Diode

and

collector-Base Diode

6)

2 ways to bias a transistor.

Forward Bias

and

Reverse Bias

7)

The sum of all currents into a point or junction equals

the sum of all currents out of the point or junction.

Kirchoff’s Current Law

8)

Defined as the dc collector current divided by the dc

emitter current.

dc Alpha

9)

Defined as the ratio of the collector current to the dc

base current. Also known as the current gain,

because a small base current produces a much

larger collector current.

dc Beta


16

10)

3 Useful ways to connect a transistor.

Common Emitter ( CE );

Common Collector ( CC )

Common Base ( CB )

11)

The common or ground side of each voltage source

is connected to the emitter.

Common Emitter

12)

The subscript for base voltage source.

VBB

13)

Subscript for collector voltage source.

VCC

14)

Voltage between base and emitter.

VBE

15)

Voltage between the collector and emitter.

VCE

16)

Voltage between the base and the ground.

VB

17)

Voltage between the collector and the ground.

VC

18)

Voltage between the emitter and ground.

VE

19)

The sum of voltages around a loop or closed path is

equal to zero.

Kirchoff’s Voltage Law

20)

3 Distinct Operating Regions of transistor.

Active Region;

Breakdown Region;

Saturation Region;

21)

The saturation and cutoff regions and are useful in

digital and computer circuit.

Switching Circuits

22)

A transistor that can dissipate less than a watt.

Small Signal Transistor


17

23)

A transistor that can dissipate more than a watt.

Power Transistor

24)

It is use to get rid of the internal heat faster.

Heat Sink

25)

Another system of analysis, is defined as the symbol

for current gain.

HFE


18

CHAPTER 7 TRANSISTOR FUNDAMENTALS

# DEFINITIONS TERMS

1)

Produces a fixed value of base current, it is most

useful in switching circuits.

Base Bias

2)

Produces a fixed value of emitter current,

predominant in amplifying circuits.

Emitter Bias

3)

A line that represents the effect of the load

on IC & VCE

Load Line

4)

The point where in the load line intersects the

saturation region of the collector curves.

Saturation Point

5)

The point at which the load line intersects the cutoff

region of the collector curves.

Cuoff Point

6)

The operating point is labeled Q.

Quiescent Point

7)

Two basic kinds of transistor circuits.

Amplifying and

Switching

8)

The saturation region under all conditions often

selects a base resistance that produces a current

gain of 10.

Hard Saturation

9)

It will refer to any design in which the saturated

current gain is only a little less than the active current

gain.

Soft Saturation

10)

The voltage between the emitter and ground.

Emitter Voltage

11)

The voltage between the collector and ground. Base-Emitter Open


19

12)

The base-emitter diode is open The collector-base

diode is open.

Collector-Base Open

13)

It uses a saturated or cutoff transistor to control the

current through an LED.

Base-Biased LED

14)

It uses the active region and cutoff to control the

current through the LED.

Emitter-Biased LED

15)

A device that has more sensitivity than a photodiode.

Phototransistor


20

CHAPTER 8 TRANSISTOR BIASING

# DEFINITIONS TERMS

1)

It is one in which the voltage divider appears stiff to

the input resistance of the base.

VDB Circuit

2)

If the transistor has a current gain of 100, its collector

current is 100 times greater than the base current.

Stiff Voltage Divider

3)

This means that the collector current will be

approximately 10 percent lower than the stiff value.

Firm Voltage Divider

4)

The negative supply forward biases the emitter diode.

The positive supply reverse-biases the collector diode.

Two-Supply Emitter Bias

5)

The emitter voltage is being fed back to the base

circuit.

Emitter-Feedback Bias

6)

The basic idea is to feedback a voltage to the base

in an attempt to neutralize any change in collector

current. Also called self-bias.

Collector-Feedback Bias


21

CHAPTER 9 AC MODELS

# DEFINITIONS TERMS

1)

It couples or transmits the ac signal to the resistor.

Coupling Capacitor

2)

Is defined as the ac output voltage divided by the ac

input voltage.

Voltage Gain

3)

It is similar to a coupling capacitor because it

appears open to direct current and shorted to

alternating current. It is also used to create an ac

ground.

Bypass Capacitor

4)

All components like resistors, capacitors, and

transistors are separately inserted and connected to

get the final circuit.

Discrete Circuit

5)

A piece of semiconductor material.

Chip

6)

The stretching and compressing of alternate half

cycles.

Distortion

7)

An amplifier that satisfy the 10 percent rule. It is used

at the front end of radio and television receivers

because the signal coming in from the antenna is

very weak.

Small-Signal Amplifier

8)

Is defined as the ac collector current divided by the

ac base current.

ac Beta

9)

It determines the voltage gain, the smaller it is, the

higher the voltage gain.

ac Emitter Resistance

10)

It indicates that the input impedance of the

base is Βr’e.

T Model


22

11)

The simplest way to analyze an amplifier is to split into

two parts.

dc Analysis and

ac analysis

12)

They are used on data data sheets because they are

easier to measure than r’ parameters.

h Parameters

13)

The most important quantities on the data sheet.

hfe & hie


23

CHAPTER 10 VOLTAGE AMPLIFIER

# DEFINITIONS TERMS

1)

It is defined as the ac output voltage divided by the

ac input voltage.

Voltage Gain

2)

The total ac load resistance.

ac Collector Resistance

3)

Two or more cascade amplifier this means using the

output of the first stage as the input to a second

stage.

Multistage Amplifiers

4)

An example of single-stage feedback. It works

reasonably well to stabilize the voltage gain, increase

the input impedance and reduce distortion.

Two-Stage Feedback

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ELEX 6-10