MECHANICAL SOFTWARE CO.
Eli Research and Engineering Inc. with TOTALTotal Object--Total
Assembly Line Information Systems ServicesPresents Mechanized
SoftwareA Fundamental,not incrementalchange in Information
Technology ArchitecturesWe examine ALTOPS, an architecture which is
totally new to Information Processing, but which has been used by
manufacturing since the beginning of the industrial revolution, to
produce o High quality products at o High rates and low cost.And
can be and often is totally mechanized
ALTOPSA new Data Processing Architectureo Using 100,000 or more
Simple Processing Modules simply connected (in different locations
if desired) - - -o Running at nanosecond rates,o Concurrently on
any number and mix of application types, producing --o Certifiably
Correct Results produced at rates of 100,000 to 1,000,000 per
second. Efficiency for Businesso I. S. responsiveness. New
applications running in hours or a few weeks. (Now. average time to
develop new applications about 60 months. (Ref.1))o Results rates
100-1000 times faster on most jobs.o Assured continuous operation,
even during major system updates. o More efficient, responsive
control of business processes
BENEFITS OF ALTOPSEfficiency for Businesso Automated accounts
and audits of all I.S. activity. o Complete model of business
Information System in I. S. Specifications enables o Rapid,
accurate evaluation of system changes. o Rapid, accurate modeling
of complex data and large models.BENEFITS OF ALTOPS
Reduces I. S. Costo Replaces Programming staff with a few MBAs
or experts in the business or industry. Typical saving of 80% of I.
S. cost. (Ref. 1,2) o Saving on average new application, (coded
locally) about $10,000,000 (Ref. 1) o Lower cost for system,
cooling, less space. BENEFITS OF ALTOPS Highest Protection
BENEFITS OF ALTOPSo Maximum Security and Privacy of Data, No
Virus, Bombs, Denial of Serviceo System User cannot invade or
discover Intellectual Property of job being used. o Job design
owner cannot invade data of User. o System Owner cannot invade or
discover Intellectual Property of job design or
data.BackgroundEarly Tabulating machines proved that:Any class of
problem can be solved on a few different types of simple machines,
simply connected. Any number of machines could work together on any
problem.These were electro-mechanical machines Running typically at
150 functions/minute.
BackgroundIn the early days of electronic computers:The
technology was so expensive only one processor could be afforded.
All jobs were necessarily run on this single processor.A single
computer time-shared system/job control and the problem
calculation.
Backgroundo Compilers, Job monitors, then Operating Systems were
invented. o WINDOWS and other current operating systems are direct
derivatives.o Todays microprocessor architectures are direct
descendants of the early machines.
Backgroundo General purpose processors still use one very fast
central processing unit (smaller than your little finger nail).
o Virus and other invasions of the System are made possible by
time-sharing System Control and Applications on a single
processor.
Backgroundo Operating Systems and most programs are so complex
that verification is not practicable (Ref. 3) Basic code of Windows
95 comprises 10,800,000 lines of C++ code. o A new 10,000 line
program averages about 750 high severity defects. when delivered.
(Ref. 1)o A C++ programmer spends 80% of effort removing bugs
Backgroundo Cache misses when the CPU must access disks for
information greatly reduce the performance of conventional
systems.o A cache miss rate of 0.1% reduces the effective
performance of a 1 gigaHertz processor to slightly over 50
megaHertz. o The TOTAL architecture virtually eliminates cache
misses giving efficient performance.
ALTOPS Architecture based on hardware manufacturing models
provides separate hardware for:o System control,o Storage and data
management, o Application management, o Application execution,
o Using 100,000 or more Simple Processing Modules simply
connected (in different locations if necessary) - - -o Running at
nanosecond rates,o Concurrently on any number and mix of
application types producingo Certifiably correct Results produced
at rates of 100,000 to 1,000,000 per second. ALTOPS Stack1Stack
2DisksStack 3Stack 4ALTOPS (Off-The-Shelf)Design Study,not to
ScaleMachine has107,712 Function Units. Sustained performance
potential 140 teraOps/sec.Final result rate, 100,000 instruction
commercial job, ~90,000/second 6653,600giga-byteALTOPS , as in
hardware manufacturing , Requires:o All system Components
(processor and system control)o Materials (data), assemblies
(information and applications) o Products (reports, screens,
messages) to have Specifications and Accounts o Be Verified to
conform to Specification.
Enabling: (As in hardware manufacture)
o Reusable, interchangeable data, applications and application
components. o Any number of processor nodes of any size or location
to cooperate in producing any information product or class of
information product. o Assembly Line production, giving a result
rate dependent only on the stepping rate of the line, not length.o
Results 100,000s to millions per second.
ALTOPS Enabling: (As in hardware manufacture)
o Hardware based automation of the system operation,o Hardware
process nodes with function adjusted by parameters if desired, o
User applications composed of linked sets of standard, tested
hardware modules. No software
ALTOPS Enabling: (As in hardware manufacture)
o Prefetching of data Virtually eliminating disk delay.o Self
repair in microseconds. (Tool failure on a factory floor is
immediately detected, replaced and the process resumes.) o Hardware
automated Accounting and Audit of all System Contents, Use, Actions
and Configuration. ALTOPS All User interaction is via interactive
screens.
Users Viewo Information request: User selects from menu: Class
Identification and Instance (viz., date time group). o Response in
milliseconds
o Run a Job: User selects Job I.D. from menu, fills in instances
of data inputs, enters parameters if needed. o Response in
milliseconds
ALTOPS CIO Viewo Authorize new user: Fill in standard screen,o
Security authorization for department/information class, job class,
. . .o Authorize entry of new Application: Verifies job design
against spec., adds I.D., Assigns security authorizations. o
Authorize entry of new data item. Verifies correct specification,
class I.D., Assigns security authorizations.
ALTOPS CIO Viewo Request and review System Accounts and Audit
records.o Modify System/System Function: Order new Function Units
from Vendor, or Contact Vendor representative to enter new function
code into System Unit ROMso Authorize entry of new Security Check
Sum o Establish and maintain the Classification Structure for the
Data, Information, and Applications networks. o Specify Enterprise
Information System structure and performance requirements.
ALTOPS ALTOPS Application Designer Viewo Create Specification of
Application Outputo Create Specification of Data/Information
Element inputs, with reliability and accuracy requirement
statements. o Specify algorithm or process to implement
application, in normal business terms.o Graphically select and
connect System Function Modules (note) and existing Application
Components to construct the application process.
Application Designer View
o Run the Application prototype on a separate Test Facility to
confirm result is to Specification. o Obtain authorization from
C.I.O. to enter the application into the System.
ALTOPSSome Performance Estimates of O-T-S ALTOPS (10 teraOp)
o Matrix multiplication, conventional method, (assume 10,000 of
chips are pipelined multipliers): For a 10,000x10,000x100 model:
Single plane, 10 20 ms. Total model, 10 to 20 sec.
ALTOTOPSSecond Generation, (Wafer Scale integration) ALTOPS (3.5
PetaOps)
o Matrix multiplication, conventional method, (assume 20,000 of
chips are pipelined multipliers): For a 10,000x10,000x100 model:
Single plane, 1 to 2 ms. Total model, 1 to 2 sec.o Note that due to
the simple interconnections of the ALTOPS architecture, Wafer Scale
integration is feasible.
ALTOPSSecond Generation, (Wafer Scale integration) ALTOPS (3.5
PetaOps)o Davis (Ref. 2) Referring to CERN experience and
subsequent publications points out that conventional parallel
machines tend to operate at about 10% rated peak rate due to
fitting the algorithm to the single instruction, multiple device
architecture. Massively Concurrent Machines (ALTOPS) overcome this
problem and operate at high efficiency on any class of problem.
ALTOPS (Note)Hardware Function Modules include:o Standard
arithmetic and logic functions capable of assembly into any
algorithm.o Applications or Application components specific to
various classes of business or enterprise.o Standard accounting and
audit functions.
References include but are not limited to
o Jones, Capers
o Davis, Dr. Edward W.
o Kendall, Robert
o Edwards, Nathen P.
o Kendall, Robert C., Lamb, Estol C.
