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uddEhoLMELMAX
ELMAX
2
ELMAX
This information is based on our present state of knowledge and is intended to provide general notes on our products and their uses. It should not therefore be construed as a warranty of specific properties of the products described or a warranty for fitness for a particular purpose.
Edition 090619
REFERENCE STANdARd
AISI dIN JIS
dF-2 ARNE o1 1.2510 SKS 3
dF-3 o1 1.2510 SKS 3
XW-5 SVERKER 3 d6 (d3) (1.2436) (SKd 2)
XW-10 RIGoR A2 1.2363 SKd 12
XW-41 SVERKER 21 d2 1.2379 SKd 11
XW-42 d2 1.2379 SKd 11
CARMo CARMo
CALMAX CALMAX
CALdIE CALdIE
ASSAB 88 SLEIPNER
ASP 23 (M3:2) 1.3344 SKh 53
ASP 30 (M3:2 + Co) 1.3244 SKh 40
ASP 60 1.3241
VANAdIS 4 EXTRA VANAdIS 4 EXTRA
VANAdIS 6 VANAdIS 6
VANAdIS 10 VANAdIS 10
VACRoN 40 VANCRoN 40
618 P20 Mod. 1.2738
618 hh P20 Mod. 1.2738
618 T P20 Mod. 1.2738 Mod.
718 SuPREME IMPAX SuPREME P20 Mod. 1.2738
718 hh IMPAX hh P20 Mod. 1.2738
NIMAX NIMAX
uNIMAX uNIMAX
CoRRAX CoRRAX
STAVAX ESR STAVAX ESR 420 Mod. 1.2083 ESR SuS 420J2
MIRRAX ESR MIRRAX ESR 420 Mod.
PoLMAX PoLMAX
ELMAX ELMAX
RAMAX Lh RAMAX Lh 420 F Mod.
RAMAX hh RAMAX hh 420 F Mod.
RoYALLoY
PRodAX
ASSAB PT18
ASSAB MMXL
ASSAB MM40
ALVAR 14 ALVAR 14 1.2714 SKT 4
8407 2M oRVAR 2M h13 1.2344 SKd 61
8407 SuPREME oRVAR SuPREME h13 Premium 1.2344 ESR SKd 61
dIEVAR dIEVAR
hoTVAR hoTVAR
QRo 90 SuPREME QRo 90 SuPREME
705 4340 1.6582 SNCM8
709 4140 1.7225 SCM4
760 1050 1.1730 S50C
3
ELMAX
GeneralElmax is a high chromium-vanadium-molybdenum alloyed steel with the following characteristics:
Good corrosion resistance
High wear resistance
High polishability
Very good dimensional stability during heat treatment
High wear resistance is normally associated with low corrosion resistance and vice versa. In Elmax, however, this unique combination of good corrosion resistance and high abrasive wear resistance is achieved by SuperClean3 powder metallurgical process.
Elmax offers a possibility to make long-life, low maintenance moulds for the best overall moulding economy.
Typical analysis %C1.7
Si0.8
Mn0.3
Cr18.0
Mo1.0
V3.0
Standard spec. None
Delivery condition Soft annealed to approx. 280 HB
Colour code Blue / Black
ApplicationsSpecifically developed for the latest engineered plastics with high filler content, Elmax sets an entirely new standard for corrosion resistance in extended service life applications. Specific uses range from small to medium cavities and cores that are subjected to high abrasion, long-run moulds and slides.
PropertiesPhYSICAL PRoPERTIES
Hardened and tempered to 58 HRC.
Temperature 20°C 200°C 400°C
Density kg/m3
7 600 7 560 7 500
Modulus of elasticity MPa
230 000 210 000 200 000
Coefficient of thermal expansion per °C from 20°C
– 10.6 x 10-6 11.4 x 10-6
Thermal conductivity W/m °C
– 15 21
Specific heat J/kg °C
460 – –
CoMPRESSIVE STRENGTh
Approximate compressive strength at room temperature.
Hardness 60 HRC 55 HRC 50 HRC
Compressive strength, Rmc
3000 MPa 2700 MPa 2300 MPa
Compressive yield strength, Rc0.2
2300 MPa 2150 MPa 1800 MPa
* Thermal conductivity is difficult to measure. The scatter may be as high as ±15%.
CoRRoSIoN RESISTANCE
Moulds made from Elmax will have good resistance to corrosion when moulding corrosive plastics under normal production conditions.
Recommended ASSAB plastic mould steels for DVD mould.
mirror sideSTAVAX ESRMIRRAX ESRPOLMAXELMAX
stamper sideELMAX
(surface treated)
TYPICAL APPLICATIoNS
Electronic products such as connectors, plugs, switches, resistors, integrated circuits, etc.
Plastic parts used in food processing, where a combination of corrosion resistance and wear resistance is required for cutting applications
Screws, barrels and nozzle tips
4
ELMAX
Heat treatmentSoFT ANNEALING
Protect the steel and heat through to 980°C, holding time 2 hours. Then cool in furnace 20°C/h to 850°C. Holding time 10 hours. Cool slowly to 750°C. Then freely in air.
STRESS RELIEVING
After rough machining, the tool should be heated through to 650°C, holding time 2 hours. Cool slowly to 500°C, then freely in air.
hARdENING
Preheating temperature: 600 - 850°C
Austenitising temperature: 1050 - 1100°C, normally 1080°C
Temperature°C
Soaking time minutes
Hardness before tempering
1050
1080
1100
30
30
30
60 HRC
61 HRC
61 HRC
TEMPERING
Choose the tempering temperature according to the hardness required by reference to the tempering graph. Temper at least twice with intermediate cooling to room temperature. The preferred tempering temperature is 250°C or higher. In exceptional cases, a minimum tempering temperature of 180°C can be used for small simple inserts and parts where toughness is of less importance. Holding time at tempering temperature minimum 2 hours.
Tempering graph
Soaking time = Time at hardening temperature after the tool is fully heated through.
Protect the tool against decarburisation and oxidation during hardening.
CCT graph
Austenitising temperature 1025°C. Holding time 30 minutes.
5
ELMAX
QuENChING MEdIA
Vacuum furnace with high speed gas at sufficient overpressure (2 - 5 bar)
Fluidised bed or salt bath 200 - 550°C, then cool in air
In order to obtain optimum properties for the tool, the cooling rate should be fast, but not at a rate that will gives excessive distortion or crack. Temper immediately when the tool reaches 50 - 70°C.
dIMENSIoNAL ChANGES duRING hEAT TREATMENT
Illustration of the effect from austenitising temperature and sub-zero cooling
Specimen size: 40 x 40 x 40 mm
SuB-zERo TREATMENT
Parts requiring maximum dimensional stability should be sub-zero treated, otherwise volume changes may arise.
Immediately after quenching, the piece should be sub-zero treated, followed by tempering. Elmax is commonly sub-zero treated between -150°C and -196°C, although occasionally -40°C and lower temperatures (e.g., -80°C) are used due to constraints of the sub-zero medium and equipment available. A treatment time of 1 - 3 hours at temperature will give a hardness increase of 1 - 3 HRC.
Avoid intricate shapes as there is a risk of cracking.
hEAT TREATMENT CYCLE
Recommended heat treatment cycle for the optimal combination of hardness, corrosion resistance and dimensional stability
Optimum Corrosion Resistance
Austenitising 1050°C 1080°C
Sub-zero* -150 to -170°C -150 to -170°C
Tempering 2 x 250°C 2 x 250°C
Hardness approx. 58 - 59 HRC approx. 59 - 60 HRC
Optimum Wear Resistance
Best Dimensional Stability
Austenitising 1080°C 1050 - 1080°C
Sub-zero* -150 to -170°C -150 to -170°C
Tempering 2 - 3 x 480°C 2 - 3 x 480°C
Hardness approx. 60 - 61 HRC approx. 58 - 61 HRC
* Sub-zero temperatures of -150°C down to -196°C are nowadays commonly used.
Recommended heat treatment cycle to obtain specific optimum property
Austenitising 1050°C / 30min 1050°C / 30min
Quenching medium air air
Sub-zero treatment – -60°C
Tempering 230°C / 2 x 2 h 230°C / 2 x 2 h
6
ELMAX
Machining recommendations
MILLING
Face and square shoulder milling
Drill diameter mm
Cutting speed (vc)
m/minFeed (f) mm/r
≤ 5 10 - 12* 0.05 - 0.15
5 - 10 10 - 12* 0.15 - 0.20
10 - 15 10 - 12* 0.20 - 0.25
15 - 20 10 - 12* 0.25 - 0.35
* For coated HSS drill, vC = 18 - 20 m/min
Cutting data parameters
Type of drill
Indexable insert
Solid carbide
Brazed carbide1
Cutting speed (v
c)
m/min90 - 120 60 - 80 30 - 35
Feed (f) mm/r
0.05 - 0.152 0.10 - 0.252 0.15 - 0.252
Carbide drill
dRILLING
high speed steel twist drill
Type of grindingSoft annealed
conditionHardened condition
Face grinding straight wheel
A 46 HVB 151 R50 B31
A 46 GV
Face grinding segments
A 36 GV A 46 GV
Cylindrical grinding A 60 KVB 151 R50 B31
A 60 JV
Internal grinding A 60 JVB 151 R75 B31
A 60 IV
Profile grinding A 100 IV B 126 R100 B61
A 100 JV
TuRNING
Cutting data parameters
Turning with carbideTurning
with HSS†
Rough turning
Fine turning
Fine turning
Cutting speed (v
c)
m/min70 - 120 120 - 140 10 - 14
Feed (f) mm/r
0.2 - 0.4 0.05 - 0.2 0.05 - 0.2
Depth of cut (ap)
mm2 - 4 0.5 - 2 0.5 - 3
Carbide designation ISO
K20, P10 - P20Coated carbide*
K15, P10Coated carbide*
–
† High speed steel* Use a wear-resistant Al
2O
3 coated carbide grade
1 If possible, use CBN wheels for this application
GRINdING
Wheel recommendation
1 Drill with internal cooling channel and brazed carbide tip2 Depending on drill diameter
The cutting data below are to be considered as guiding values and as starting points for developing your own best practice.
Condition: Soft annealed condition ~280 hB
End milling
Cutting data parameters
Type of end mill
Solid carbide
Carbide indexable
insert
High speed steel
Cutting speed (v
c)
m/min50 - 60 80 - 110 5 - 81
Feed (fz)
mm/tooth0.01 - 0.22 0.06 - 0.22 0.01 - 0.32
Carbide designation ISO
–
K15, P10 - P20Coatedcarbide3
–
1 For coated HSS end mill, vC = 14 - 16 m/min
2 Depending on radial depth of cut and cutter diameter3 Use a wear-resistant Al
2O
3 coated carbide grade
* Use a wear-resistant Al2O
3 coated carbide grade
Cutting data parameters
Milling with carbide
Rough milling Fine milling
Cutting speed (v
c)
m/min80 - 110 110 - 140
Feed (fz)
mm/tooth0.2 - 0.4 0.1 - 0.2
Depth of cut (ap)
mm2 - 4 ≤ 2
Carbidedesignation ISO
K20, P20Coated carbide*
K15, P10Coated carbide*
7
ELMAX
Further informationFor further information, i.e., steel selection, heat treatment, application and availability, please contact our ASSAB office* nearest to you.
*See back cover page.
Electrical discharge machining
RESISTANCE To FAILuRE MEChANISMS ANd CRITICAL MouLd STEEL PRoPERTIES
Relative comparison of ASSAB plastic mould steels
ASSAB gradePlastic
deformationCracking Wear Corrosion Polishability
Thermal conductivity
Machinability
618
ROYALLOY
718 HH
NIMAX
CORRAX
POLMAX
MIRRAX ESR
STAVAX ESR
8407 SUPREME
UNIMAX
ELMAX
XW-10
If EDM is performed in the hardened and tempered condition, the EDM’d surface is covered with a resolidified layer (white layer) and a rehardened and untempered layer, both of which are very brittle and hence detrimental to the tool performance.
When a profile is produced by EDM, it is recommended to finish with “fine-sparking”, i.e., low current, high frequency. For optimal performance, the EDM’d surface should be ground/polished to remove the white layer completely. The tool should then be retempered at approx. 25°C below the highest previous tempering temperature.
ELMAX
Our forging press is one of the most modern of its kind in the world.
ASSAB TOOL STEELS have been in Asia
since 1945. Our customers associate ASSAB
brand with tooling materials that are high in
quality and consistency.
The ASSAB sales companies and distributors
offer you well assorted stocks in a number
of places covering the Asia Pacific region. To
further shorten the lead time, ASSAB will
mill, grind, drill and even wire-cut the tool
steel to meet your requirements. ASSAB
also provides state-of-the-art vacuum heat
treatment services to enhance the steel
properties.
Our engineers and metallurgists are always
ready to assist you in your choice of the
optimum steel grade and the best treament
for each application. We always carry out
material examinations at our local mini
laboratories and at the central laboratory in
Sweden.
Our steel mill in Sweden, Uddeholm Tooling,
is one of the few steelworks in the world
that is dedicated to the manufacture of tool
steels only. Uddeholm Tooling is certified to
ISO 9001 and ISO 14001.
Besides tool steels, the ASSAB services for
tool makers include:
Welding electrodes for repair welding
of tools
High strength aluminium for tooling
purposes
Copper alloys (e.g., beryllium copper)
for inserts in moulds
Alloy machinery steels
Cold rolled strip steels for saws,
compressor valves, coater blades, etc
High Performance Steels (HPS)
Granshot