Embedded Software Engineering Reloaded - mbeddr · · 2016-12-09Experience report about the development of a smart meter ... Co-project lead of mbeddr ... mbeddr Unit Test for Bin/BCD

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© 2015 itemis France. All rights reserved.

Embedded Software Engineering Reloaded - mbeddr

Experience report about the development of a smart meter

ESE Kongress 2015 Dr. Stephan Eberle, Bernd Kolb, Dr. Markus Völter

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○ Dr. Stephan Eberle

R&D Director at itemis France in Paris

Electrical engineering and computer science background

Embedded software design, model-driven tools for automotive

Mainly mbeddr user

○ Bernd Kolb

Architecture & Technology Manager at itemis Stuttgart

Tool development, model-driven development, language engineering

Co-project lead of mbeddr

○ Dr. Markus Völter

Consultant and coach at itemis Stuttgart

Architecture, model-driven development, language engineering, product lines

Initiator and co-project lead of mbeddr

About

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► The use case: a 3-phase smart meter

○ mbeddr: a highly enriched and extensible version of C

○ Advanced smart meter software design

○ Efficiency evaluation

○ Conclusions

Outline

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○ Metrology

Sensing of instantaneous voltage and current

(sample rate 4096 samples/s)

Real-time computation of RMS voltage/current,

active/reactive power and energy, apparent power,

power factor, and mains frequency

3 phases

○ Smart metering

Multi-tariff and time-of-use service support

Load profiles, historical data recording

Anti-tampering, anti-fraud

○ Display

○ Communication

DLMS/COESM for automatic meter reading (AMR) by utility provider

Calibration for end-of-line accuracy adjustment during production

Smart Meter Functions

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○ µC platform

Texas Instruments MSP430

Up to 25MHz, 128 KB ROM (internal

flash), 8 KB RAM (internal)

○ Dual-core design

Metrology node for metrology functions

Application node for smart metering,

display and communication functions

○ Display

Custom seven segment display with 3

lines and different physical units and icons

○ Communication interfaces

RS485 (external)

IrDA (external)

UART (between both processor nodes)

Smart Meter Hardware

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Existing Smart Meter Sample Software

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Huge amount of fine-grained responsibilities

and interactions

No visible higher level structure

No unit/integration tests

A nightmare to maintain and evolve

Close to impossible to reuse

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○ Mastering complexity through well structured, modular architecture

○ Hardware-independent testing

○ Incremental integration and commissioning

○ Reuse through platform-based development

Smart Meter Software Design Objectives

Key drivers for using mbeddr

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o The use case: a 3-phase smart meter

► mbeddr: a highly enriched and extensible version of C

○ Advanced smart meter software design


○ Conclusions

Outline

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Dead End: Trying to Find the “Right” Language

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Efficiency

Comprehensibility

Maintainability

Testability

Reuse

Plain CHigh-level languages

(C++, Java, Python, …)

Machine-oriented,

low-level

notions

Problem-oriented,

high-level

abstractions

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Way Out: Extending and Combining Multiple Languages

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Open Source (Eclipse Public License 1.0)

http://mbeddr.com

C Programming Language (C99)

Out-of-the-boxlanguageextensions

User-defined language extensions

Ph

ysic

al

Un

its

Sta

teM

ach

ines

Co

mp

on

en

ts

Co

ncu

rren

cy

Vari

ab

ilit

y

Testi

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Veri

ficati

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uir

em

en

ts &

T

racin

g

Do

cu

men

tati

on

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The extensible C

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Physical Units

Components Variability

State Machines

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The multi-notational C

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Textual

Tables Mathematical

Graphical

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Great IDE Support

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Built on

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o mbeddr: a highly enriched and extensible version of C

► Advanced smart meter software design


○ Conclusions

Outline

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Smart Meter Software Architecture

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Co

mm

HA

LA

pp

lic

ati

on M

etro

log

yU

til

hw

-sp

ec

ific

DLT645DLMS/

COSEMMQTT-

SN

Energy data

Non-Volatile data

Mains frequency measurement

Instantaneous voltage & current sampling

RMS voltage & current calculation

Power & power factor calculation

Energy pulse generation

Energy and consumption calculation

Watch-dog

Clock system

Bin/BCDconverter

LCD formatter

Low-pass filter

Ticker

USCILCD line

Temperature provider

RTCFlash

memoryTimer ADC10SD24E²PROM

PLCmodem

Energy data display

Multi-tariff & billing periods

support

Magnetic interferenceprotection

DLT645 calibration commands

Load profile support

Time of useReset function, historical data

recording

COSEM objects/OBIS

codes

Anti-tampering/anti-fraud

Last/average/maximum demand

Output relay control

do

ma

in-s

pe

cif

ic

…

ge

ne

ric

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Excerpt: Metrology Raw Signal Acquisition

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HA

LM

etro

log

yMetrologyRawSignalCollectorImpl

SD24ConverterGroupImpl

ISD24 (c/s) ISD42ConverterGroupHandler (c/s)

IMetrologyRawSignalData (s/r)

«requires» «provides»

«provides»

«provides» «requires»

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mbeddr Interfaces and Components of Sigma-Delta ADC

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mbeddr Interfaces and Components of Raw Signal Collector

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trolo

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mbeddr Composite Component of Energy Data Display

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trolo

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mbeddr Physical Units for Active Power Computation

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trolo

gy

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mbeddr State Machine for DLT645 Protocol Receiver

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Util

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HA

L

○ Integration of individual or multiple

components into test applications

○ Substitution of hardware-

dependent or unfinished

components with mock or stub

components

○ Implementation of test logic using

mbeddr unit test language

○ Optionally emulation of hardware

registers through mbeddr register

language

○ Execution on development PC or

build server

Hardware-Independent Testing

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Test cases

Ap

plic

atio

n

Mock or stub component

Component(s) under test

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mbeddr Unit Test for Bin/BCD Converter

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Util

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HA

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Integration Testing of Metrology Components

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Without mbeddr With mbeddr

Metrology tests scenarios

Metro

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Metrology raw signal simulator

Metrology component(s) under test

Hardware in the Loop Software in the Loop

Fast automatic execution Tedious manual execution

Smart

Meter

Test

Equipment

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Metrology Component Test Results

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Validation of correctness AND accuracy

Parameter Range Maximum deviation

RMS Voltage 0 V … 250 V< 100 V: 10 ‰

≥ 100 V: 0,4 ‰

RMS Current 0 A … 104 A< 10 A: 1 ‰

≥ 10 A: 0,2 ‰

Active Power 230 V, 0 … 104 A 0,14 ‰

Reactive Power230 V, 0 … 104 A,

-90° … +90°2,74 ‰

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Fractional Delay Filter Analysis & Optimization

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MATLAB/Simulink-like analysis and optimization

of final embedded code

Before optimization

After optimization

Ideal curve

Interpolation of 90° phase-shifted voltage samples

samplen-0,5 samplen+0,5samplen

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Incremental Integration and Commissioning

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Very few remaining problems

Minimal debugging on target hardware

Fast localization of root causes

Progressive integration of more and more components up to full application

○ HAL only

○ Raw signal acquisition

○ Display

○ Metrology only

○ Calibration communication only (DLT645)

○ Metrology data transfer only (MQTT-SN)

○ All communication without metrology

○ Full application

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o mbeddr: a highly enriched and extensible version of C

o Advanced smart meter software design

► Efficiency evaluation

○ Conclusions

Outline

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Efficiency

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Metrology node Application node

CODE Memory (Flash) 15,5 KB 10,6 KB

CONST Memory (Flash) 0,9 KB 0,2 KB

DATA Memory (SRAM) 4,2 KB 2,9 KB

mbeddr-generated C code small and fast enough

Code sizes

Runtime performance

Processor load of metrology node @ 4096 sample/s and 25 MHz: 80%

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Conclusions

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○ mbeddr

= C + out-of-the-box extensions + user-defined extensions

= efficiency benefits + higher-level abstractions

= multi-language + multi-notation + seamless integration

○ Component-oriented design of embedded software

Explicit modular architectures

Hardware-independent testing

Incremental integration and commissioning

Reuse and platform-based development

Documents

Embedded Software Engineering Reloaded - mbeddr · · 2016-12-09Experience report about the development of a smart meter ... Co-project lead of mbeddr ... mbeddr Unit Test for Bin/BCD