EmbracingNew Horizons

Prepared by: Christian Jay Syting & Shelley Faith Jumamoy

UNIT 2:

Table of Contents:

Unit SummaryLesson 1: Loving and LivingLesson 2: Acknowledging ResponsibilitiesLesson 3: Witnessing Changes WithinLesson 4: Facing Challenges

Unit SummaryThe Filipinos’ discovery of Western

culture provides him or her with a wider perspective of the world he or she lives in. The diversity in culture of two opposite world affords him or her to view his or her environment at macro- level. This also allows him or her to adjust to the ways and practices of new acquaintances and friends.

Lesson 1: Loving and Living

Sonnet 116About the Author (William Shakespeare)Words to exploreAppreciating SonnetsFurther study (internet sources)

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Lesson 2: Acknowledging Responsibilities

Of Parents and ChildrenAbout the Author (Francis Bacon)Words to exploreSummarizing what you readFurther study (internet sources)

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Lesson 3: Witnessing Changes Within

ArabyAbout the Author (James Joyce)Words to exploreTypes of literary techniquesFurther study (internet sources)

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Lesson 4: Facing Challenges

Romeo and JulietAbout the Author (William Shakespeare)Words to exploreTips for understanding dramaFurther study (internet sources)

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Sonnet 116Let me not to the marriage of true minds

Admit impediments. Love is not loveWhich alters when it alteration finds,Or bends with the remover to remove:

O, no! it is n ever fixed- mark,That looks on tempests and is never shaken;

It is the star to every wandering bark,Whose worth’s unknown, although his height be taken.

Love’s not Time’s fool, though rosy lips and cheeksWithin his bending sickle’s compass come;

Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks,But bears it out even to the edge of doom.

If this be error, and upon me prov’d,I never writ, nor no man ever lov’d.

Back to lesson 1

Words to Explore

WORDS DEFINITIONAlteration The process of changing;

modification

Impediments Obstruction; hindrance; interference

Tempests Violent storms; uproar

Wandering Aimless movement; moving idly

Summon To bid to come; to send for

Foregone Precede; previous; gone

Vanished Disappeared; gone Back to lesson 1

About the Author: William ShakespeareThe greatest figure in English

Literature, William Shakespeare, was born of excellent parentage in Stratford-on-Avon. His mother, Mary Arden, was the daughter of a wealthy landowner, while his father, John Shakespeare, was an honored citizen and officer of the village.

From boyhood, Shakespeare had been interested in amateur dramatics and in working with traveling troupes of players that came to Stratford. Shakespeare may not have gone to the university just like all the other great men, but he certainly had far more schooling than any one of them.

Back to lesson 1

Appreciating Sonnets

The word sonnet comes from the Italian word sonetto which means

“song” or “little song”. In literature, a sonnet is a lyric poem that is

composed of fourteen lines. This poem is considered as the most

complicated for it follows a definite pattern in terms of rhythm and rhyme

scheme. Next page

2 Kinds of Sonnet

1. Petrarchan or Italian SonnetThis sonnet was popularized by Francesco Petrarca, thus, the name Petrarchan sonnet. This sonnet has two parts- the octave which comprises the first 8 lines of the poem with the rhyme scheme abbaabba, and the remaining 6 lines known as the sestet with a rhyme scheme of cdecde, cdcdcd, ccdeed, or cdcdee

(click for an example)Next page

2 Kinds of Sonnet

2. Shakespearean SonnetIt is also composed of 14 lines. Unlike the Petrarchan,it is divided into 3 four- line units called quatrains. The remaining 2 lines of the sonnet is called couplet. The rhyme scheme of this sonnet is abab cdcd efef and its rhythmic pattern is iambic pentameter, meaning each line consists of 5 unstressed syllablesalternating with 5 stressed ones.

(click for an example) Back to lesson 1

Sonnet 61by Francesco Petrarca

(translated by Joseph Auslander)

Blest be the day, and blest the month and year, - aSeason and hour and every moment blest. - bThe lovely land and place where first possessed - bBy two pure eyes I found me prisoner; - aAnd blest the first sweet pain, the first most dear, - aWhich burned my heart when love came in as guest; - bAnd blest the bow, the shafts which shook my breast,- bAnd even the wounds which love delivered there. - aBlest be the words and voices which filled grove - cAnd glen with echoes of my lady’s name; - dThe sighs, the tears, the fierce despair of love; - cAnd blest the sonnet- source of my fame; - dAnd blest that thought of thoughts which is her own, - eOf her, her only, of herself alone! - e

octave

sestet

volta

Back to Petrarchan Sonnet

Sonnet 29by William Shakespeare

When in disgrace with fortune an men’s eyes - aI all alone beweep mu outcast state, - bAnd trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries, - aAnd look upon myself, and curse my fat, - bWishing me like to one more rich in hope, - cFeatured like him, like him with friends possessed, - dDesiring this man’s art, and that man’s scope, - cWith what I most enjoy contented least; - dYet in these thoughts myself almost despising, - eHaply I think on thee,- and then my state, - f(Like to lark at break of day arising - eFrom sullen earth,) sings hymns at heaven’s gate; - fFor thy sweet love remembered, such wealth brings - gThat then I scorn to change my state with kings - g

1st quatrain

2nd quatrain

3rd quatrain

couplet

Back to Shakespearean Sonnet

The following links will give you more info and examples of the 2 kinds of Sonnet:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrarchan_sonnet

http://www3.dbu.edu/mitchell/petrarch.htm

Petrarchan Sonnet:

Shakespearean Sonnet:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_sonnets

http://www.shakespeare-online.com/sonnets/sonnetstyle.html

Back to lesson 1

After checking the websites above, you will submit to me your ownSonnet. Choose one type of sonnet that you will follow.

About the Author: Francis BaconThe youngest brood of eight, Francis Bacon entered Trinity

College, Cambridge at age twelve. Three years after he began

studying Law, and assuming public offices from being a

solicitor general to being attorney general and eventually lord

keeper of the Great Seal, the same office held by his father. His

essays written under the title Essays, which appeared in three editions, have been classified as

those on ethical subject, those on human relationships. Back to lesson 2

Words to Explore

WORDS DEFINITION

Misfortunes Bad fortune; ill luck

Unequal Not of the same measure; unbalanced

Unworthy Insufficient in worth; undeserving

Illiberality Narrow- minded; bigoted

Discord Lack of agreement among persons, groups or things

Extraordinary Beyond what is ordinary; unusual

Disinherited To exclude from inheritance

Back to lesson 2

Summarizing What You Read

Summary- is a restatement of the important points or details of the material that you read based on how you have understood the text.

Here are some tips that you can use in writing a summary:

1. Have an overview of the material that you intend to read. This can be done through skimming its pages.2. Read the text with understanding. If you fail to comprehend it in the first reading, REREAD the text.

3. List down the important ideas presented in the text.4. Write the summary. In writing the summary, you should be aware of the following:

a. Details should be presented in the same sequence as in the original text.b. Words that you use in your summary should be your own.c. Only the essential details should be included.d. Write briefly. Your summary should not exceed the original material.

Back to lesson 2

Summarizing What You Read

For more information and example on Summarizing, click the links below:

Back to lesson 2

http://www.ehow.com/how_2165700_summarize-reading-assignment.html

http://www.ehow.com/how_2165700_summarize-reading-assignment.html http://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/summaryterm.htm

About the Author: James Joyce

Irish author of the twentieth century,

James Joyce is known for his novel Ulysses. Born in

Dublin, Ireland, Joyce was educated in Catholic

institutions as a young boy, and later on, he

went to attend University College,

Dublin.Back to lesson 3

Words to ExploreWORDS DEFINITIONS

Imperturbable Unshakably calm and collected

Gauntlet A protective glove worn with medieval armor

Parcel Something wrapped up; a package

Converged To tend toward a point; to meet

Impinge To strike or dash especially with a sharp collision

Petticoat Skirt- like undergarment worn for warmth

Sternness Firm, strict or uncompromising

Garrulous Excessively talkative in a rambling

Thronged Multitude of people crowded together

Derided To mock

Feeble Lacking strength; weak

Straggling Stray; fall behindBack to lesson 3

Types of Literary TechniquesA piece of literature can be more interesting and can be more appreciated by readers if it offers not just simply information but also satisfaction. To realize such task a writer must make use of tools in writing known as literary devices. Here are some of them.

1. Flashback - this literary device is used when the standard time order in the plot is broken to show an incident in the past that provides a very important background information in the story.

2. Foreshadowing - this literary device is used to serve as a hint to prepare the readers to anticipate a future event in the story. Through this device, the readers can predict the outcome of the story. Back to lesson 3

Types of Literary Techniques

4. Dialogue- this literary device is a conversation between characters in the story. It presents the precise words of the characters. It is usually applied in plays and films.

3. Figures of speech- this literary device is used when the writer describes ideas and things using another image or symbol. This representation should not be interpreted or taken literally.

Back to lesson 3

Types of Literary Techniques

6. Imaginative Language- this technique makes use of words that create vivid pictures and arouse the feelings of the readers. Also, it makes use of words that appeal to the senses.

5. Suspense - It is a condition of an uncertain excitement on readers because of what he or she is reading. He or she becomes eager to know what will happen next. Sometimes the answers to the readers’ queries are being held back intentionally by the writers to prolong the readers’ excitement.

Back to lesson 3

Types of Literary Techniques

Back to lesson 3

For more information and examples about the literary techniques, visit the links below:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flashback_%28literary_technique%29

http://www.foreshadowing.org/in-literature.html

http://grammar.about.com/od/fh/g/Figure-Of-Speech.htm

http://fictionwriting.about.com/od/crafttechnique/tp/dialogue.htm http://www.foreshadowing.org/

Task: Choose one essay of Francis Bacon and write a summary about it.Make sure you will follow the guidelines in summarizing.

Words to ExploreWORDS DEFINITIONS

Yonder Over there

Henceforth From now on

Doth

Anon Another time; soon

Thine Your or yours

Thyself Used to refer to the same individual who is being addressed and is the subject of the verb

Adieu Goodbye

Thee You

Thou You

Wherefore A reason or purpose

Art Be

Ere Before Back to lesson 4

About the Author: William ShakespeareThe greatest figure in English

Literature, William Shakespeare, was born of excellent parentage in Stratford-on-Avon. His mother, Mary Arden, was the daughter of a wealthy landowner, while his father, John Shakespeare, was an honored citizen and officer of the village.

From boyhood, Shakespeare had been interested in amateur dramatics and in working with traveling troupes of players that came to Stratford. Shakespeare may not have gone to the university just like all the other great men, but he certainly had far more schooling than any one of them.

Back to lesson 4

Tips for Understanding DramaAmong the forms of literature, the drama is considered as the most realistic for its scenesand actions are meant to be performed or to be acted out on stage and their dialogues areto be spoken out loud. Every time we read a play or a screenplay, we tend to imagine howit would be performed in front of us. On the other hand, we should not overlook the fact that it is a form of literature therefore, we have to consider its elements like setting, characters,plot, etc. Here are some guide questions that you can use t understand and enjoy this form of literature.

1. How do you categorize the literary piece- a stage play or a screenplay?2. In terms of plot, what event is considered as the beginning, the rising action, the climax, the denouement, and the ending?3. Who are the important characters in the story? Who among them are static and dynamic? those who are dynamic, what are the changes in them? Do their lines or dialogues expose or show their personalities?4. What is the setting of the story? Are they revealed in the set design and in the properties used?5. What is the theme of the story? Is it revealed through the setting, the portrayal of the characters, the plot, and the set design?6. How do the elements of the play such as the set design, properties, lighting, costume, and acting transform the story into a lifelike situation? Back to lesson 4