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EMBRYOLOGY OF THE GIT

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Parts of the Gut

The gut has three(3) parts:

Foregut.within the head fold

Midgut..in the middle andcommunicate with the yolk sac by

Vitelline duct.

Hindgut.within the tailfold

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Foregut

The most rostral part forms the oralcavity and the embryonic pharynx.

The following part forms theesophagus,and gives rise to Respiratorydiverticulum.The wide communicationbetween the two is partitioned bytracheoesophageal septum.

The caudal part of foregut forms thestomach and the upper part ofDuodenum.

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Oral Cavity

Stomatodeum: primitive mouth. Oropharyngeal

membrane, ruptures at the 5th week.

Development of the tongue: Lingual

(mandibular) swellings + tuberculum impar +

Hypobrancheal eminence (copula)

Development of the palate

Linguo-gingival and labio-gingival sulci, gum

and dental lamina and development of the teeth

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Salivary glands

The salivary glands arise bilaterally as theresult of epithelialmesenchymal interactionsbetween the ectodermal epithelial lining of theoral cavity and the subjacent neural crest-derived mesenchyme.

They form as solid diverticula that undergobranching morphogenesis, the whole tree-likestructure later acquiring a lumen.

The blind ends of the branches form acini,whose cells differentiate firstly to form serouscells and, postnatal, mucus-secreting cells(except for the parotid gland, which remainsmainly or entirely serous).

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CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES

Vitelline duct abnormalities :

Meckels diverticulum

EnterocystomaUmbilical fistula

OmphaloceleCongenital umbilical hernia

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