A NATION EMERGES

INTO THE 19TH CENTURY

WASHINGTON’S DEPARTURE

• AN EASY CHOICE FOR FIRST PRESIDENT

• CREATING A NEW GOVERNMENT

• PHILOSOPHICAL DIFFERENCES UNDER THE SURFACE

THE FEDERALISTS

• OUR FIRST POLITICAL PARTY

• THE ONLY POLITICAL PARTY

• NOT MONOLITHIC

ALEXANDER HAMILTON

• FAVORED MANUFACTURING OVER AGRICULTURE

• A NATIONAL DEBT

• NEW TAXES

• A PROTECTIVE TARIFF

• BROAD VIEW OF CONSTITUTION

• FOREIGN POLICY - FAVORED ENGLAND

THOMAS JEFFERSON

• DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS

• FAVORED AGRICULTURE

• A LIMITED FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

• STRICT INTERPRETATION OF CONSTITUTION

• FOREIGN AFFAIRS - FAVORED FRANCE

NATURALIZATION ACT

• INCREASED TIME FRAME IT TOOK TO BECOME A CITIZEN FROM 5 TO 14 YEARS

• JOHN ADAMS IN THE WHITE HOUSE

ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS

• LIMITS ON SPEECH

• PRISON!

• JEFFERSON & MADISON OPPOSED

• THE VIRGINIA AND KENTUCKY RESOLVES

LOUISIANA PURCHASE

• 1803

• KEEP THE GULF OPEN AND THE FRENCH OUT

• JAMES MONROE TO NEGOTIATE

• NAPOLEON SELLS FOR 15 MILLION

• WAS IT CONSTITUTIONAL?

• LEWIS & CLARK EXPLORE THE NEW TERRITORY

THE SUPREME COURT EMERGES

• JOHN MARSHALL

• MARBURY VS MADISON (1803) - ESTABLISHED JUDICIAL REVIEW

• McCULLOCH VS MARYLAND - ESTABLISHED FEDERAL OVER STATE LAWS

WAR OF 1812

• PRESIDENT JAMES MADISON

• WAR HAWKS - HENRY CLAY AND JOHN CALHOUN

• IMPRESSMENT

• FEDERALIST OPPOSITION

• LACK OF RESPECT FOR AMERICAN RIGHTS BY BRITISH

WAR OF 1812- THE OUTCOME

• CANADA IS NOT PART OF THE UNITED STATES

• AMERICAN NAVY HOLDS ITS OWN

• BRITAIN LEAVES THE WEST

• IMPRESSMENT - NOT FINALIZED

• GAVE AMERICANS CONFIDENCE

• FEDERALIST DEMISE

THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE

• 1820

• MISSOURI - A SLAVE OR FREE STATE?

• TALLMADGE AMENDMENT

• HENRY CLAY WORKS IT OUT

• MAINE AND THE 36 -30 COMPROMISE

JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY

• ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS - 1800-1824

• POLITICAL PARTICIPATION BECOMES MORE INCLUSIVE

• PROPERTY QUALIFICATIONS BEGIN TO FALL AWAY

AMERICA IN THE 1820’S

• THE GREAT EXPERIMENT

• MANY NATIONALITIES

• TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION

• THE CANAL CRAZE

• GROWTH OF CITIES

• REFORMS (EDUCATION, TEMPERENCE, ABOLITION)

AMERICA IN THE 1820’S

• UNIVERSAL MALE SUFFRAGE

• INFLUENCE OF THE WEST

ELECTION OF 1824

• DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS - THE ONLY NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTY

• FEDERALISTS - ONLY POPULARITY IS IN NEW ENGLAND

• NO OBVIOUS PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSOR

• THE ISSUES - TARIFF AND NATIONAL BANK

THE CANDIDATES

• WILLIAM CRAWFORD

• THE FRONT RUNNER

• SUPPORTED BY THE CAUCUS

• SEC. OF TREASURY

• A RADICAL JEFFERSONIAN

• SUFFERS A DEBILITATING STROKE

THE CANDIDATES

• JOHN QUINCY ADAMS

• QUALIFIED AND EDUCATED

• SEC. OF STATE

• FORMER FEDERALIST

• NATIONALIST AND EXPANSIONIST

• NOT PERSONALLY POPULAR

HENRY CLAY

• SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE

• KENTUCKIAN

• GREAT LEGISLATOR

• CONFIDENT AND WELL LIKED

JOHN CALHOUN

• SOUTH CAROLINA

• MAJOR PROPONENT OF SLAVERY

• SEC OF WAR

• VERY LITTLE SUPPORT

• THROWS SUPPORT TO JACKSON

ANDREW JACKSON

• NOT AS WELL QUALIFIED OR EDUCATED

• THE HERO!

• A MILITARY BACKGROUND

• FUZZY ON THE ISSUES

THE CAMPAIGN

• ALL IN ONE PARTY

• JACKSON APPEALS TO MASSES

• WHISKEY & HARD CIDER

• PARADES

• SPEECHES

THE CAMPAIGN

• MODERN PARTY SYSTEM IS BORN

• NOT JUST A GENTLEMEN’S GAME

• NEW ENGLAND FOR ADAMS

• THE SOUTH FOR CRAWFORD

• JACKSON - THE WEST AND PA.

• 261 ELECTORAL VOTES - NEED 131 TO WIN

THE CAMPAIGN

• ELECTORAL VOTES

• JACKSON -99

• ADAMS - 51

• CRAWFORD - 41

• CLAY - 37

•

THE CAMPAIGN

• POPULAR VOTE

• JACKSON - 150,000

• ADAMS - 105,000

• CRAWFORD - 44,000

• CLAY - 40,000

• HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES TO DECIDE AMOUNG TOP THREE

• SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE IS ...

...HENRY CLAY!!

THE CAMPAIGN

• 24 STATES

• WINNER NEEDS 13

• ADAMS HAS 8

• CLAY HAS 3

• WHAT CHOICE DOES CLAY REALLY HAVE?

• ADAMS HAS 11 STATES!

THE CAMPAIGN

• MARYLAND FOR ADAMS

• DELAWARE FOR CRAWFORD

• NEW YORK TO DECIDE

• NEW YORK HAD 34 CONGRESSMEN

• VOTES ARE EVENLY SPLIT

• ENTER STEPHEM VANRENSALEER

CORRUPT BARGAINS

• CLAY FOR SEC. OF STATE?

• JAMES BUCHANAN VISITS JACKSON

• DELAWARE SWITCHES TO ADAMS

• WHAT ABOUT NEW YORK?

THE OUTCOME

• ADAMS TRIUMPHANT

• THE CORRUPT BARGAIN REALIZED

• RUNNING FOR 1828

• DEMOCRACY IN FULL FORCE

ELECTION OF 1828

• ELECTORAL VOTE

• JACKSON - 178

• ADAMS - 82

• POPULAR VOTE

• JACKSON - 56%

• ADAMS - 44%

JACKSON TRIUMPHANT

• THE SPOILS SYSTEM

• THE BANK OF THE UNITED STATES

• THE EATON AFFAIR

• THE INDIANS

• IS JACKSON A CAUSE OR A REFLECTION?