Emergency Response Book Print

8/2/2019 Emergency Response Book Print

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Well Control EmergencyResponse PlanU.S. Oil and Gas Land Operations

Provided by

Wild Well Control, Inc.

and Travelers


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Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010

This emergency response plan is not intended

to replace sound judgment. It is to be used as

a guideline only in responding to a well control

emergency.

Well control emergencies require common sense

and proessional judgment on the part o all

personnel involved in the intervention. Wild Well

Control, Inc. and Travelers cannot and do notguarantee, warrant or represent the accuracy

o or accept any responsibility or the use o any

inormation contained herein.

No operation should be undertaken i it involves riskto personnel.

Modication to the emergency response plan and its

actions may be necessary depending on the

circumstances o the event.

Accurate inormation is essential to an eective

blowout intervention project. Recommendations are

included or the required inormation to be gathered

both rom the well site and rom oce records.

EARLY INTERVENTION IS CRITICAL!Call at the earliest detection o ANYincident regarding well control. The call

and phone consultation are ree.

Travelers

713.882.8841

Brian Krause, Vice President, Travelers Oil & Gas

Wild Well Control, Inc.

281.784.4700

Phones answered 24/7 by a Wild Well Control

employee who understands the importance

o your call.


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Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010

Table O Contents

Shutting-In the Well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

Response Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11

Immediate Response Actions Field . . . . . . . . . . 12-13

Initial Evaluation and Inormation Gathering . . . . . . 14

Immediate Response Actions Oce . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Incident Command Structure Organization . . . . 16-17

Interim Action Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-19

Evacuation o Area Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Voluntary Ignition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Response Methodology o Wild Well Control . . 22-23

Typical Equipment Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Typical Support Service Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Site Saety Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Hazard Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

H2S Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Communication/PR Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Relie Well Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Emergency Contact Inormation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-32

Well Control Inormation Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33-35

Emergency Response Plan


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Introduction

Procedures or handling emergencies are absolutely

essential to ensure the protection o lie, property and

the environment. Wild Well Control, Inc. has developed

this Emergency Response Plan (ERP) or the operator/

contractor to dene the procedures that are to be used

in the event o a well control emergency at the well site.

The equipment and procedures specied in this ERP

address various well control scenarios ranging romroutine well control operations to situations involving

a total loss o well control which necessitate the

immediate mobilization o intervention equipment and

personnel. This ERP is general in nature and is intended

or use within U.S. land operations.

This document is written with drilling operations as the

primary ocus. However, it also applies to workover and

production operations. This plan assumes that adequate

oil spill contingency plans are in place and will be

implemented in the event o a well control emergency.

The primary objective o the ERP is to establish a process

or responding to and saely managing well control

emergencies. This process includes:

1. Protecting the personnel at the site in the event o awell control emergency.

2. Dening the notication protocols at the onset o a

well emergency.

3. Preventing urther damage or injury while adequate

equipment and personnel are being mobilized.

4. Dening the critical inormation that is required inorder to determine the appropriate response level

and strategies.

5. Organizing personnel and providing guidelines or

their roles during the emergency response and the

subsequent management.6. Pre-selecting sources and developing mobilization

plans or personnel, equipment, materials and

services typically required or implementation o

well control procedures.

7. Notication o the appropriate regulatory agencies.


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Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010 1

Shutting-in The Well

It is very important to shut-in the well as soon as

possible when ow is suspected. The ollowing

procedures are standard industry practices or a

hard shut-in o the wellbore:

Well Shut-in Procedures While Drilling/On Bottom

1. Space out the drillstring and sound the alarm Position the Kelly or top drive so that no tool

joints are in the preventers

I possible, have uppermost tool joint at

connection height above rotary table/rig foor

2. Shut down the rotary/top drive and the pumps Stop rotating

Stop the mud pumps

3. Check or well fow. I well is fowing, continue with

next step (4.)

4. Shut-in the well

Close the designated BOP (blowout preventer)

Ensure the choke is closed

Open the choke line hydraulic opening valve

Veriy the well is shut-in and the fow hasstopped



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2 Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010

Well Shut-in Procedures While Tripping

1. Sound the alarm

2. Stab the saety valve on drillstring

Make up ully opened saety valve to uppermost

tool joint

Close saety valve once properly made up

3. Space out the drillstring

Position the drillstring so that no tool joints arein the preventers

4. Check or fow. I the well is fowing, continue with

next step (5.)

5. Shut-in the well

Close the designated BOP

Close the choke and open the choke line HOV

(hydraulic operated valve)

Veriy the well is shut-in and the fow

has stopped


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Response Levels

This section will aid in determining the requirements

needed or personnel and material or dierent well

situations. Wild Well Control, Inc. personnel should be

consulted in the initial mobilization, but the operator/

contractor personnel and the drilling consulting

company involved in the project should be amiliar

with the dierent response levels. Many well control

emergencies are preceded by a period in which, the

potential or sudden escalation is high, even thoughprimary well control is maintained. The actions taken in

this period oten make the dierence between a

well control problem and a well control emergency.

Well control situations involve an innite number o

variables that make precise classication dicult.Oten, seemingly insignicant event characteristics can

have a major eect on the resolution and potential or

escalation o a minor problem. This section attempts

to classiy various situations according to the amount

o risk involved, the procedures required to deal with

the situation and other experience-based aspects.

There is no attempt to classiy the situations according

to the probability and/or requency o occurrence.

The ollowing sections contain specic situations and

trigger points that are viewed as adding signicantcomplications and/or hazards. Each response level has

certain activities associated with it including notication

and/or mobilization o specialized personnel,

inormation to be obtained, equipment requirements

and considerations that should be analyzed.

The levels are intended or use solely as guidelines

and have been made applicable to onshore

environments. It is highly probable that situations

could develop that dey denition via one o the

response levels. These situations will require the useo judgment and experience in order to determine the

appropriate actions to be taken.

Operators/contractors are encouraged to contact well

control specialists any time there is a doubt about the

nature o any well control situation.



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Level 1 Event Defned

Level 1 events involve situations that are either

common to routine operations or do not pose

signicant risk to personnel. In most instances, Level

1 events can be resolved using standard operating/

drilling procedures, commonly available equipment,

personnel and techniques.

Examples o Level 1 events include, but are not limited

to, the ollowing scenarios:

a) Well kicks (infuxes) o manageable volume and

intensity (usually < 1 ppg) that are not complicated

by mitigating circumstances.

b) Mild to moderate loss o circulation.

c) Loss o production tubing integrity resulting in

sustained pressure on production casing < 50% o

casing burst rating. Loss o tubing integrity includes

ailure o wellhead seals and downhole equipment.

d) Loss o production casing integrity resulting in

sustained pressure on intermediate casing < 25% o

casing burst rating. Loss o casing integrity includes

ailure o wellhead seals.

e) Minor surace leaks that can be isolated via remote

means or accessed and isolated manually without

signicant risk to personnel.

Level 1 Response

Level 1 events should be corrected through the use

o standard industry operating/drilling procedures.

Notication o Wild Well Control, Inc. will be made at

the discretion o the operator/contractor.

No specialized equipment or personnel should be

required unless the Level 1 event escalates.


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Level 1 Considerations

Weighting materials and mud chemicals should

be evaluated or kick circulation (consider using

drillers method i materials are low or i suspected

swabbed kick).

Monitor surace equipment during kick circulation

in order to quickly identiy any leaks.

Monitor pressure on outer casing string duringkick circulation in order to quickly identiy pressure

communication between the strings o pipe.

Be prepared to immediately close pipe ram i

annular begins to leak.

I productive zones are exposed, monitor well

closely or signs o fow during circulation losses.

Small surace leaks that can be isolated should

be isolated remotely i possible. Adequate saety

precautions should be in place beore approaching

even small surace leaks.

Closely monitor outer casing strings i sustained

casing pressure results rom tubing or down hole

equipment ailures.



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Level 2 events involve circumstances that are not

commonly encountered during routine drilling

operations and pose the potential or signicant risk

to personnel, equipment and/or the environment.

A Level 2 event may require specialized well control

personnel, equipment and/or techniques in order to

be saely resolved.

Examples o Level 2 events include, but are not limitedto, the ollowing scenarios:

a) Well kicks complicated by infux size or intensity

(under-balance), pipe o bottom, plugged tubing /

drillstring, washout, plugged choke, etc.

b) Severe loss o circulation.

c) Small surace leaks that cannot be easily or saely

isolated.

d) Loss o production tubing integrity resulting in

sustained pressure on production casing >50% o

casing burst rating. Loss o tubing integrity includes

ailure o wellhead seals and downhole equipment.

e) Loss o production casing integrity resulting insustained pressure on intermediate casing >25%

o casing burst rating. Loss o casing integrity

includes ailure o wellhead seals.

) Loss o protective casing integrity resulting in

sustained pressure on surace casing (any pressure).


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Level 2 Response

Certain Level 2 events can be dealt with according

to established procedures; others require special

consideration be given to personnel saety while

implementing these procedures as well as specialized

techniques. The ERP should be activated and

the appropriate personnel should mobilize to

the company oce and well site. The operator/

contractor emergency response team should

remain in operation until the situation is resolved ordowngraded to a Level 1 event.

Operator/contractor should contact and advise Wild

Well Control, Inc. at the onset o a Level 2 event. The

operator/contractor should consult with the well

control specialists/engineers or advice on saehandling o the situation. Completed well control

inormation orms (Page 33-35) should be sent along

with any other pertinent and/or related inormation.

Arrangements or the mobilization o well control

specialists/engineers should be made or, at

minimum, two well control specialists/engineers.

These arrangements should be continually updated

to ensure the most expedient mobilization route until

the Level 2 event is resolved or downgraded to Level 1.

I mobilization o well control specialists/engineers

personnel is not deemed necessary, the operator/

contractors oce should maintain open and

requent communications with Wild Well Control,

Inc.s oce in Houston, Texas. Inormation related to

the situation, as well as results o technical analysis,

will be conveyed via telephone, ax, email and

electronic le transer as deemed appropriate.



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Level 2 Considerations

Weighting materials and mud chemicals should

be evaluated or kick circulation (consider using

drillers method i material supplies are low or i

suspected swab kick).

Monitor surace equipment during kick circulation

in order to quickly identiy any leaks.

Monitor pressure on outer casing string duringkick circulation in order to quickly identiy pressure

communication.

Be prepared to immediately close pipe ram i

annular begins to leak.

I productive zones are exposed, monitor well

closely or signs o fow during circulation losses.

I the thrust created by the current or anticipated

surace pressure acting on the cross sectional areao the pipe approaches or exceeds an amount equal

to the buoyed weight o the pipe string, the pipe

should be secured at the surace. This may require

the use o conventional equipment such as drillpipe

clamps, chains and/or cables. The situation may

eventually require the use o slip rams and othermeasures. The well control specialists/engineers

should be consulted and mobilized i such a

situation develops.

Monitor mud/gas separator equipment or signs o

overload while circulating large gas infuxes.

Consider mobilizing additional liquid mud and

LCM (loss circulation material) i conventional lost

circulation techniques are ineective.

Consider the possibility o stripping/snubbing o

slick BHA (bottom hole assembly) versus perorating

or severing drill collars to accommodate high

concentration LCM placement and/or barite pills,

gunk pills, etc.


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Evaluate the possibility o casing ailure due to wear

as a cause o lost circulation. Note that this could

quickly become a Level 3 event i an infux is taken.

Consider using temperature log to determine

exact point(s) o losses (ambient temperature

fuid pumped rom the surace will enhance

identication).

Prepare to deal with gas migration while preparing

to strip pipe to bottom (water-based mud systems).

Annular BOP (blowout preventer) ailure can

be expected while stripping i closing pressure

is not reduced. Consult with BOP manuactureror recommended procedures and practices

or stripping.

Improper bleed-o during pipe stripping can lead to

underground blowouts or additional infuxes. Reviewprocedures careully beore attempting to strip

pipe to bottom. Allowances must be made or gas

migration and infux elongation due to pipe entry in

water-based systems.

I no pressure increase or a transient pressurefuctuation is observed while lowering pipe

(stripping), an underground fow may be in

progress. I this is conrmed, a Level 3 event

should be declared.

I surace pressures are too high or sae stripping

operations (including situations where the pipe is

light), an o-bottom kill should be considered

using volumetric and circulation techniques (i.e.,

volumetric control until infux is above bit then

constant bottom hole pressure circulation).



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Level 3 events present serious and immediate risks to

personnel, the environment and assets. These situations

require the immediate application o specialized

techniques and well-developed saety assessment and

hazard mitigation programs. Examples o Level 3 events

include, but are not limited to, the ollowing scenarios:

a) Surace blowout (drillpipe, BOP, production tree,

broach, etc. with or without re)

b) Underground blowout with insucient casing set

so that the well cannot be brought under control

by pumping heavy mud simultaneously down the

drillstring and annulus using rig pumps

c) Surace pressure beyond the pressure rating o

equipment (including tubulars)

d) Other situations that constitute a clear and present

danger to personnel, environment or equipment

that cannot be resolved via conventional means

Level 3 Response

Level 3 events will warrant the immediate activation

o the emergency response plan, mobilization o well

control specialists/engineers rom Wild Well Control,

Inc. and other specialist personnel and equipment.

operator/contractor should contact Wild Well Control,

Inc. immediately upon the determination o a Level 3

incident. Completed well control inormation orms

(Pages 33-35) should be sent along with any other

pertinent and/or related inormation.

The activities dened in the intervention action plan sec-

tion o this emergency response plan should be initiated

immediately. These include, but are not limited to:

Personnel should be accounted or and moved to asae upwind location.

Medical attention should be provided or any

injured personnel.

The well site should be secured.


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Further notications by The operator/contractors

incident command structure (ICS) team.

Notication to local/state/ederal authorities.

Inormation gathering and assessment o the

situation should be initiated.

Complete or partial rig evacuation is likely under

most Level 3 events. Re-manning o the rig should beattempted only under the direction o on-site well

control specialists/engineers. I the arrival o the well

control specialists/engineers is delayed, such action(s)

should be discussed in detail and agreed upon with the

well control specialists/engineers beore attempted by

operator/contractor personnel.

The rst task will be to determine the critical aspects

o the situation, perorm a hazard analysis and establish

sae working principles or the intervention (i.e., hot

zones, sae areas, access control and accounting,

emergency evacuation plans, etc.)

A minimum number o personnel will enter the

location. A well site command center will be designated

in a sae area and all operations will be directed rom

it. Restrictions will be placed on personnel movement

between command post and the rest o the location;personnel accounting procedures will be established to

monitor the personnel on location at all times.

Rig evacuation and shut down will render critical

equipment unusable. A plan will need to be developed

to identiy components that will be required orintervention purposes and to provide sucient power.

The equipment that may be needed during such an

event includes, but is not be limited to:

Drawworks Top driveMud pumps BOP hoists

Air / hydraulic winches Hydraulic chokes

BOP accumulator charge pumps Iron roughneck



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Immediate Response Actions Field

While intervention activities will be dictated by

an event's severity and magnitude, the Immediate

Response will be consistent and uniorm or any event.

This action plan does not intend to replace sound logic

or engineering judgment it is a guideline only.

Well control emergencies require common sense and

proessional judgment on the part o all personnel

involved in the intervention. Wild Well Control, Inc.cannot and does not guarantee, warrant or represent

the accuracy o, or accept any responsibility or, the

use o any inormation contained herein.

Evacuate All Rig Personnel

Evacuate rig and move personnel to designated

sae area

Account or all personnel

DO NOT re-enter area until authorized

Secure Location

Secure the perimeter to prevent area population, news

media, etc. rom accessing the well site area. Seek

assistance rom the local police/sheri agency.

Shut Down Fired Equipment

All red (or non-intrinsically sae) equipment should be

shut down as per established rig contractor guidelines

and procedures.

NOTE! The above actions should only be undertaken

i they do not involve risk to the saety o personnel.

Establish Saety Zone

Based on various criteria, the area immediately aroundthe wellhead is designated the hot zone. Access to the

hot zone is strictly limited to well control personnel.

Based on wind and other conditions, the hot zone

may change throughout the course o the event. The

boundaries should be closely monitored and changes

made accordingly. The sae zone is located away rom


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the well and has minimal impact rom the blowout. The

command center will be located within the sae zone.

The sae zone should have two means o ingress andegress. Between the hot zone and the sae zone is the

warm zone. Access to the warm zone will be monitored

and restricted to essential support personnel only.

Initiate Fire Watch

Identiy any engines that may have been let running.

Identiy any other possible ignition sources.

Implement Operators Emergency Response Plan

Notiy operators oce give status o the incident.

Notiy Wild Well Control, Inc. (281.784.4700).

Identiy Hazardous Materials on Site

Identiy the material and location on the well site o

any hazardous material. Present inormation to the well

control specialists upon their arrival at the well site.

Monitor Well Conditions

Appoint a rig crew member to observe the well rom

a sae location outside the hot zone and record all

changes in the fow at the wellhead. Recorded changesshould include changes in fow, noise, etc. The collected

inormation will be important to the well control

specialists/engineers in completing their investigation

and analysis o the situation.

Implement Pollution Abatement Measures

Working in the sae zone only, use heavy equipment to

establish the sae drainage and storage o well fow

away rom the wellhead area.

Prevent any well fow runo rom entering any publicditch, drainage, culvert or septic system, streams,

waterways, roadways, etc.

A fuid containment plan should be discussed with the

well control specialists/engineers and implemented as

quickly as possible.



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Initial Evaluation andInormation Gathering

Certain inormation is crucial in developing an eective

intervention plan and immediate response. This duty

will all upon the operator/contractors personnel at the

rig. The ollowing inormation should be gathered and

documented so that it can be passed on to well control

specialists. Well control orms are shown on pages 33-

35 or the collection o this inormation.

Operation at the time o the incident

Last observed pressures

Present conguration o the well bore casing, drill

pipe, drill collars, packers, depths, geology, fuids,

etc. at the time o the incident

BOP equipment in use at the time o the incident

position o all rams, subsea BOP pod status, and

top drive saety valves, etc

Last known status o wellhead or BOP components

open, closed, locked, damaged, etc

Rig equipment shut-down level initiated, well

control actions implemented

Estimate o fow rates and fow characteristics

(gas and water)

Extent o damage sustained by the rig

Size and location o any boil at the surace

Other inormation as dictated by the situation

The inormation rom the initial evaluation will

be conveyed to Wild Well Control, Inc. or

planning purposes and should be included in the

permanent records.

In the initial stages, the inormation will be used todetermine the easibility o a quick resolution (i.e.,

pumping kill fuids, bridging agents, etc.) i it exists.

I possible, this should be done beore the situation

deteriorates, eliminating this type o intervention.


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Immediate ResponseActions Ofce

Upon notication rom the eld, the incident

commander (the person designated to manage well

control emergencies) shall review the inormation

and, i deemed necessary, enact the ERP which

activates the incident command structure (ICS).

A command center should be designated within

the operator/contractors oce, i possible, and thedesignated command sta and operations sta shall

meet to review the current situation and initiate the

various assigned tasks and duties.

The operator/contractors oce should immediately

contact Wild Well Control, Inc. to discuss the incident

and possible mobilization o well control personnel

and equipment.

Wild Well Control, Inc. (281.784.4700)

Discussion with well control specialists regarding

the initial mobilization o equipment and personnel

will be done at this time. A list o all equipment

and services ordered should be noted. Inormation

regarding the location, route details, trucking or

fying time and a ull maniest, etc. will need to begathered and properly documented.



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Incident Command Structure(LCS) Organization

A well-developed organizational structure is crucial to

eective emergency response. The incident commandstructure (ICS) is generally adhered to in dening and

establishing a response organization. The ICS denes

an organizational ramework with designated positions,

stang o the positions, responsibilities, notication

protocols, and lines o authority. The ICS is activated

with implementation o the operator/contractors

emergency response plan. A typical ICS organization

or a well control emergency would look similar to

the ollowing:

ICS CommandIncident Commander Absolute authority and

responsible or all emergency response eorts and

reports to Management

Deputy Incident Commander Acts as liaison

between incident commander and the variousoperations and source control teams

Command Sta Reports directly to the incident

commander

Communications Ofcer Responsible or all

media/public relationsFinance Ofcer Provides accounting analysis o all

associated costs to Management

Regulatory Ofcer Acts as liaison with regulatory

and governmental agencies

Risk Management Ofcer Responsible or legaland insurance

Operations Sta Reports directly to the deputy

incident commander

Engineering Team Provides engineering support

or source control teamEnvironmental Team Responsible or implementing

pollution abatement measures as required

Logistics Team Provides operational and support

resources as requested by the source control team


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Operations Team Responsible or executing action

plan with the source control team

Planning Team Responsible or developing action

plan with the source control team

Saety Team Responsible or saety o operations

and source control team. Responsible or the site

saety plan and enorcement o saety regulationsSource Control Team Reports to the operations

team leader

Well Control Ops Team Responsible or well

intervention activities at the well site

Well Recovery Team Responsible or planning andexecuting well recovery operations

Relie Well Team Responsible or planning and

executing the relie well operations

The ICS Organization is designed to be easily

expanded or minimized based on the size and severityo the event. In smaller organizations, a single person

may be responsible or more than one role within

the organization.



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Interim Action Plans

The ollowing tasks can be assigned and implemented

while waiting on the well control specialists to arrive

at the well site. I there are any questions or concerns,contact Wild Well Control, Inc. beore initiating any task.

Do not attempt any task that will endanger personnel.

Monitor Well Conditions Maintain time log as to the wells condition

Secure Location rom Public

Set up a no-fy zone

Utilize local police and re to handle securityand trac

Organize Well Site Layout

Designate the on-site command center

Identiy and designate staging area or wellcontrol equipment

Establish communications

Identiy and Secure Sourcing o Water

Establish storage or water at the well site

Arrange transportation o water to well site; initiate

civil work away rom wellhead

Establish second point o access to the wellhead

Grade or pollution drainage and containment

Prep staging area and wellhead site

Initiate Saety Measures

Set up gas monitoring system

Identiy saety hazards on location

Initiate development o site saety plan (Wild Well

Control will provide assistance in nalizing)

Secure emergency medical services/medevac or

the well site


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Other Considerations

Potential or event to escalate

Protect collateral assets

Evacuation o population

Voluntary ignition o uncontrolled fow. See page 21

or additional inormation on Voluntary Ignition.

Special Considerations or Suburban Settings

Air pollution

Gas plume concentration/dispersion

Smoke

Hydrogen sulde gas (H2

S)

Ground pollution

Contamination o local water supply

Contamination o ditches/public drain systems

Ignition

Explosions Heat radiation

Other wells

Collateral assets (buildings, homes, etc)

Broaching o surace

Utilities Power lines

Pipelines



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Evacuation O Area Population

Collect critical inormation; make inormed decision as

to requirements or evacuation o population

Once the decision is made, react quickly Arrange transportation rom the area

Identiy and secure temporary housing or

evacuees

Set up accounts or meals, groceries,

medicines, etc. Designate company spokesperson to assist evacuees

Communicate directly to evacuees at regularly

scheduled times

Be prepared to assist evacuees with incurred

expenses Utilize local law enorcement and re personnel

or assistance


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Voluntary Ignition

Voluntary ignition o a blowout should be

considered i:

Immediate threat to human lie (H2S gas cloud) High uncertainty o successul well intervention

at surace

Pollution rom well fow (oil) is unrestricted and/or

threatens environmentally sensitive areas

I the ollowing conditions exist, it may not be

necessary to ignite. It is essential that all acts be

careully evaluated and assessed. It is advisable to

solicit assistance rom the Wild Well Control, Inc. as to

what should be the course o action.

These additional considerations include:

Minimal threats (remote area, minimal

population involvement)

Uncertainty as to whether burning o fow can

be sustained

Ignition creates unacceptable threat to other

collateral assets

High certainty o successul surace intervention

Other options possible (diverting, isolation, etc.)

The decision to ignite or not to ignite requires quick

and thorough assessment o the ongoing acts at the

well site.

Due to the many variables and unknowns, assistance

rom Wild Well Control, Inc. must be sought in making

the nal decision.



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Response Methodology oWild Well Control

Intervention activities will be dictated by the event's

severity and magnitude.

The activities required to regain control o the blowout

well will depend on specic circumstances and will

vary with each scenario. The course o action(s) will be

discussed and mutually agreed upon by the operator/

contractor and the well control specialists/engineers. Insummary, the major activities o a Level 3 blowout and

re usually include:

Assessment/Evaluation An initial assessment or

evaluation by the operator/contractor(s) and Wild WellControl, Inc. personnel will determine the course o

action, which will result in well control being regained

saely in a minimum amount o time. Equipment

requirements beyond those given in the initial response

will be identied.

Site Preparation Will involve various civil works

designed to prepare the location or equipment

placement, pollution containment and drainage.

Rig-up Firefghting Equipment To establish necessary

rewater cover will involve developing a method o

supplying and storing the necessary water volume

(rac tanks/trucks, nearby natural water supplies,

earth pits, etc.).

Debris Removal Will involve clearing o equipmentand damaged rig components that impede access to the

wellhead. It may require abrasive jet cutting or severing

o heavy structural pieces.

Capping Placement o suitable control device(s) on

wellhead. It may require removal o existing wellheadand installation o a new wellhead to capping.

Preparations or Kill Operations Will proceed along

with intervention and capping operations.


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Divert The well may be diverted ollowing capping

operations or additional diagnostics work or until killoperations are initiated.

Kill Operations Appropriate kill operations will

commence ollowing capping. Kill operations will be

based on downhole conguration, casing integrity, and

on other issues. Options include shut-in/bullhead,

dynamic kill pump operations, snubbing, etc.

Return Well to Normal Operations Will involve

repair to wellhead components, casing repair, etc.

Remediate Location Remove and properly dispose

o any pollution on location.



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Typical Equipment Requirements

Heavy Equipment

The heavy equipment typically required during thecourse o a well control operation is usually urnished

through local suppliers which are already under

contract with the Operator. Typical heavy equipment

requirements may include:

Bulldozers, caterpillar D-8 with tail winches Cranes, 75 125 ton, hydraulic or lattice boom

Track hoe, caterpillar 235, 200 HP, 2 yard bucket

Forklit, caterpillar 966, 30,000 capacity

Air compressor, 185 CFM, 125 PSI, with 150 oot 300

PSI hose

Light towers, sel contained, diesel powered

15 20 Frac tanks, 300-500 bbl capacity each or on

site water storage

Specialized Firefghting/Well Control Equipment

Specialized reghting/well control equipment is

usually provided by Wild Well Control, Inc. In response

to a well control emergency, the ollowing equipment

would typically be mobilized rom Houston, Texas:

Athey wagon, with various accessories,conventional or hydraulic

Fire pumps, 2,500 4,500 gpm capacity

Fire monitors with portable shields

Hose container with various suction and

output hoses Fuel tank

Blowout tool container, with miscellaneous

support tools

Air compressor


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Typical Support ServiceRequirements

These services are typically required during the course

o, or during some phase o, a well control operation.Support services are usually urnished through local

suppliers, which are already under contract with the

operator. These services should be put on standby

notice, but not mobilized until requested by Wild Well

Control, Inc. Typical support services may include:

High pressure pumping equipment

Drilling fuids specialist/supplier

Wellhead specialist/supplier

Vacuum tank truck services

Welding crews Roustabout crew, supervisor with ve-man crew

Personnel saety services

Medical/medevac services

Wireline logging services, ull diagnostic capabilities

Machine shop services

Once the initial assessment and planning is completed,

the well control specialists/engineers will be able to

provide the operator/contractor with a more detailed

list o the support equipment and services that will

be required.



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Site Saety Plan

Prior to initiating any well control operation, a

comprehensive site saety plan should be developed

and implemented through the saety section o the ICS.The site saety plan should cover all saety management

aspects o the task at hand. It should be written so that

it is fexible enough or modications and updates to be

easily made and incorporated.

The site saety plan should be comprehensive and

include, at minimum, the ollowing elements:

Site description and identication o sites zones

Hot zone

Warm zone

Sae zone

Site hazards

Physical hazards

Chemical hazards

Toxic/gas hazards Personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements

Site access

Check-in points

Communications

Saety channel designation on radios

Alarms

Emergency medical services

Environmental monitoring services required

Saety meeting schedule Saety drills


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Hazard Assessment

Sae, successul well control operations require

risk identication, mitigation and management.

Thus, the primary unction o the well controlteam (intervention and well control operations unit

leaders) will be hazard identication via a thorough

assessment o the situation.

There are numerous potential hazards associated with

a serious well control situation. The well control team,

under the direction o the well control operations

unit leader, will assess the situation or the ollowing

hazards:

Combustible gas accumulation/dispersion

Accumulations o combustible/fammable fuids

Ignition hazards

Explosive materials

Radioactive materials

Over-pressured surace equipment/potential

catastrophic ailures

Flow lines anchoring, erosion

Leaking fanges

Stability/competency o the sediment surrounding

the rig Potential instability o rig equipment and tubulars

Hydrocarbon inventories and potential hazards

associated with production equipment

The results o the hazard analysis will be incorporatedinto the site saety plan. Additional personnel,

equipment, services and/or saety procedures/

measures required to deal with the identied hazards

will be specied and submitted to the eld operations

team leader.



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H2S Operations

When drilling in areas o known H2S, rig crews should:

Be trained in H2

S saety measures

Have the appropriate saety equipment

Use equipment with proper PSL (priority substance

listing) rating or H2S service

Any infux into the wellbore (kick) should be assumedto contain H2S. The size o the infux, amount o under

balance, ormation character, weather conditions,

etc should be considered when deciding to circulate

out or pump away the infux. I the decision is made

to circulate out the H2S kick, clear the rig foor and

restricted area o all unnecessary personnel and takethe ollowing additional precautions:

Rope o the rig substructure to include BOPs,

choke lines, choke maniold and mud return areas

and identiy as restricted area. No one shall enter

these areas without proper breathing apparatus,H2S monitor, and specic approval rom the

Toolpusher.

Continuously monitor the H2S concentration level in

the mud returns.

The drilling supervisor shall alert aected downwindacilities and population.

The drilling supervisor shall implement any other

precaution deemed necessary.

When circulating, all personnel involved in the well

control operation will mask-up at least 30 minutes

prior to bottoms up. The fow rom the choke

should be diverted through the gas buster and the

gas should be fared. The mud stream will return

to the active system where any remaining gas can

be removed by the degasser and the use o an

H2S scavenger.


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Communication/PR Plan

Media coverage should be addressed as quickly as

possible to prevent incorrect inormation and minimize

any negative impact to the operator/contractor.

The operator/contractors communication ocer, as

designated in the companys ERP, will be responsible

or all communication with the media.

No employee shall make comments, give interviews,

answer questions, etc. to people outside the company.

Any requests or inormation will be re-directed to

the communications ocer as designated in the

companys ERP.

Once the acts and inormation are known and

conrmed, the communications ocer should

designate a time and place to make a statement on

the companys behal and answer any questions.

It is important to keep the media inormed as the

inormation becomes available.

I there are casualties or the event was catastrophic, it

is advisable that the communications ocer seek legal

counsel and the assistance o a proessional public

relations rm.



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Relie Well Considerations

Relie wells should be considered or the ollowing

scenarios:

Successul surace intervention unlikely

low probability o surace intervention being

successul

Surace intervention operations require undue

risks or well control personnel

Well fow broaching the surace

Signicant pollution or other environmental

damage imminent during long-term well

intervention operation

Multiple relie wells should be considered or the

ollowing scenarios:

High hydraulic requirements or kill requires

multiple wells

High probability o drilling problems in single relie

well eort

High degree o uncertainty regarding blowing

wells position

Relie wells are typically engineered, planned

and initiated with the assistance o the well

control engineers who understand the technicalrequirements or a successul well kill operation.


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Emergency Contact Inormation



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Emergency Contact Inormation


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Well Control Forms



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Well Control Forms


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Well Control Forms



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The Travelers Indemnity Companyand its property casualty ailiates

4650 Westway Park Blvd., Suite 110Houston, TX 77041

800.392.0607travelers.com/oilgas

The availability o the service reerenced in this noticeis subject to change without notice. This notice andthe providing o this service does not aect the terms,conditions or coverages o any insurance policy issued byTravelers and is not a representation that coverage does ordoes not exist or any claim or loss under any such policy.

In no event will Travelers or Wild Well Control, Inc. or anyo their subsidiaries and ailiates be liable in contract or intort to anyone who has access to this publication or theaccuracy or completeness o the inormation contained

Documents

Emergency Response Book Print