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Emerson G. Laygo

BS BA-2

BCA 20-BC

1. DATA refers to qualitative or quantitative attributes of a variable or set of

variables. Data (plural of "datum") are typically the results of measurements

and can be the basis of graphs, images, or observations of a set of

variables.

DATABASE consists of an organized collection of data for one or more uses,

typically in digital form. One way of classifying databases involves the type of

their contents, for example: bibliographic, document-text, statistical.

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM sometimes just called a database

manager, is a program that lets one or more computer users create and

access data in a database.

DATABASE SYSTEM is a way of organizing information on a computer,

implemented by a set of computer programs.

DATABASE CATALOG of a database instance consists of metadata in which

definitions of database objects such as Basis tables, view tables, synonyms,

value ranges, indexes, users, and user groups are stored.

PROGRAM-DATA INDEPENDENCE The separation of data from the

programs that use the data. Nearly all modern applications are based on the

principle of data independence. In fact, the whole concept of a database

management system (DBMS) supports the notion of data independence since

it represents a system for managing data separately from the programs that

use the data.

METADATA describes other data. It provides information about a certain

item's content. For example, an image may include metadata that describes

how large the picture is, the color depth, the image resolution, when the

image was created, and other data.

2. In database approach, a single repository of data is maintained that is

defined once and then accessed by many users. The fundamental

characteristic of database approach is that the database system not only

contains data's but it contains complete definition or description of the

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database structure and constraints. These definitions are stored in a system

catalog, which contains the information about the structure and definitions of

the database. The information stored in the catalog is called the metadata, it

describes the primary database. Hence this approach will work on any type

of database for example, insurance database, Airlines, banking database,

Finance details, and Enterprise information database. But in traditional file

processing system the application is developed for a specific purpose and

they will access specific database only.

3. Alternatively, and especially in connection with the relational model of

database management, the relation between attributes drawn from a

specified set of domains can be seen as being primary. For instance, the

database might indicate that a car that was originally "red" might fade to

"pink" in time, provided it was of some particular "make" with an inferior

paint job. Such higher arity relationships provide information on all of the

underlying domains at the same time, with none of them being privilegedabove the others.

4.