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Emilio Aguinaldo
1st President of the Philippines
President of the First Republic
President of the Supreme Government
President of Republic of Biak-na-Bato
Dictator of Dictatorial government
President of the Revolutionary Government
Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (March 22,
1869 – February 6, 1964) was
a Filipino general,politician, and
independence leader. He played an instrumental role during the Philippines' revolution against Spain, and
the subsequent Philippine-American War or War of Philippine Independence[3] that
resisted American occupation.
Aguinaldo became the Philippines' first President. He was also the youngest (at age 29) to have become
the country's president, the longest-lived president (having survived to age 94) and the president to have
outlived the most number of successors.
Personal details
Born March 23, 1869
Cavite El Viejo, Philippines (now Kawit)
Died February 6, 1964 (aged 94)
Plaridel, Bulacan, Philippines
Resting place Aguinaldo Shrine, Kawit, Cavite, Philippines
Political party Katipunan
Spouse(s) Hilaria del Rosario
(1896–1921)
María Agoncillo
(1882–1963)
Profession Soldier, Manager, Teacher
Revolutionary
Religion Roman Catholicism
Manuel L. Quezon
2nd President of the Philippines1st President of the Commonwealth
Manuel Luis Quezón y Molina (August 19,
1878 – August 1, 1944) served as president
of theCommonwealth of the
Philippines from 1935 to 1944. He was the
first Filipino to head a government of the
Philippines.(Note: Govt. relating only to the
Philippines, and not any other states that have existed centuries ago) Quezón is considered by most
Filipinos to have been the second president of the Philippines, after Emilio Aguinaldo (1897–1901).
Quezón was the first Senate president elected to the presidency, the first president elected through a
national election, and the first incumbent to secure re-election (for a partial second term, later extended,
due to amendments to the 1935 Constitution). He is known as the "Father of the National Language".
During his presidency, Quezón tackled the problem of landless peasants in the countryside. Other major
decisions include reorganization of the islands military defense, approval of recommendation for
Personal details
Born August 19, 1878
Baler, Philippines
Died August 1, 1944 (aged 65)
Saranac Lake, United States
Resting place Quezon Memorial Circle,Quezon City, Philippines
Political party Nacionalista Party
Other political
affiliations
Democratic Party
Spouse(s) Aurora Aragón
Alma mater Colegio de San Juan de Letran
University of Santo Tomas
Religion Roman Catholicism
government reorganization, promotion of settlement and development in Mindanao, tackling foreign
strangle-hold on Philippine trade and commerce, proposals for land reform and the tackling of graft and
corruption within the government. Quezón established an exiled government in the US with the outbreak
of the war and the threat of Japanese invasion. During his exile in the US, Manuel Quezón died of
tuberculosis in Saranac Lake, New York.
José P. Laurel
3rd President of the PhilippinesPresident of the Second Republic
José Paciano Laurel y García (March 9, 1891 – November 6, 1959) was the president of theRepublic of the Philippines, a Japanese-sponsored administration during World War II, from 1943 to 1945. Since the administration of President Diosdado Macapagal (1961–1965), Laurel has been recognized as a legitimate president of the Philippines.
Sergio Osmeña
Personal details
Born March 9, 1891
Tanauan City, Philippines
Died November 6, 1959 (aged 68)
Manila, Philippines
Resting place Tanauan City, Batangas,Philippines
Political party Nacionalista Party (Before 1942; 1945–1959)
Other political
affiliations
KALIBAPI (1942–1945)
Spouse(s) Pacencia Hidalgo
Alma mater University of the Philippines College of Law
University of Santo Tomas
Yale Law School
Profession Lawyer
Religion Roman Catholicism
Personal details
Born 9 September 1878
Cebu City, Spanish East Indies(now Republic of the
Philippines)
Died 19 October 1961 (aged 83)
Quezon City, Philippines
Resting place Manila North Cemetery, Santa Cruz, Manila, Philippines
Political party Nacionalista Party
Spouse(s) Estefania Veloso (1901–1918)
Esperanza Limjap (1920–1961)
Alma mater University of San Carlos
San Juan de Letran College
University of Santo Tomas
Profession Lawyer
Religion Roman Catholicism
4th President of the Philippines
2nd President of the Commonwealth
Sergio Osmeña y Suico (9 September 1878 – 19 October 1961) was a Filipino politician who served as
the 4th President of the Philippines from 1944 to 1946. He was Vice President underManuel L. Quezon,
and rose to the presidency upon Quezon's death in 1944, being the oldest Philippine president to hold
office at age 65. A founder of Nacionalista Party, he was the first Visayan to become President of the
Philippines.
Prior to his succession to the Presidency in 1944, Osmeña served as Governor of Cebu from 1901–1907,
Member and Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives from 1907–1922, and Senator from
the 10th Senatorial District for thirteen years, in which capacity he served asSenate President pro
tempore. In 1935, he was nominated to be the running-mate of Senate President Manuel Quezon for
the presidential election that year. The tandem was overwhelmingly re-elected in 1941.
Osmeña is the patriarch of the prominent Osmeña family, which includes his son (former Senator Sergio
Osmeña, Jr.) and his grandsons (senators Sergio Osmeña III and John Henry Osmeña), ex-governor Lito
Osmeña and Cebu City mayor Tomas Osmeña.
Manuel Roxas
5th President of the Philippines
3rd President of the Commonwealth
1st President of the Third Republic
Manuel Acuña Roxas (January 1, 1892
– April 15, 1948) was the first president
of the independent Third Republic of the
Philippines and fifth president overall. He
served as president from the granting of
independence in 1946 until his abrupt
death in 1948. His term as president of
the Philippines was also the shortest,
lasting 1 year 10 months and 18 days.
Elpidio Quirino
Personal details
Born January 1, 1892
Capiz, Philippines (now Roxas City)
Died April 15, 1948 (aged 56)
Clark Air Base, Philippines
Resting place Manila North Cemetery, Santa
Cruz, Manila, Philippines
Political party Liberal Party (1945–1948)
Other political
affiliations
Nacionalista Party (Before 1945)
Spouse(s) Trinidad de Leon
Alma mater University of Manila
University of the Philippines College
of Law
Profession Lawyer
Religion Roman Catholicism
6th President of the Philippines
2nd President of the Third Republic
Elpidio Rivera Quirino (November 16,
1890 – February 29, 1956) was
a Filipino politician, and the
sixth President of the Philippines.
A lawyer by profession, Quirino entered
politics when he became a representative
of Ilocos Surfrom 1919 to 1925. He was
then elected as senator from 1925-1931. In 1934, he became a member of the Philippine independence
commission that was sent to Washington, D.C., which secured the passage of Tydings-McDuffie
Act to American Congress. In 1935, he was also elected to become member of the convention that will
write the draft of then 1935 constitution for the newly-established Commonwealth. At the new
government, he served as secretary of the interior and finance under Quezon's cabinet.
After the war, Quirino was elected vice-president in 1946 election, consequently the second and last for
the Commonwealth and first for the third republic. After the death of the incumbent president Manuel
Roxas in 1948, he succeeded the presidency. In what was claimed to be a dishonest and
fraudulent[1] 1949 presidential election, he won the president's office under Liberal Party ticket,
defeating Nacionalista vie and former president José P. Laurel as well as fellowLiberalista and
former Senate President José Avelino.
The Quirino administration was generally challenged by the Hukbalahaps, who ransacked towns and
barrios.[1] Quirino ran for president again in the 1953 presidential election, but was defeated
by Nacionalista Ramon Magsaysay.
Personal details
Born November 16, 1890
Vigan, Philippines
Died February 29, 1956 (aged 65)
Quezon City, Philippines
Resting place Manila South Cemetery, Makati City, Philippines
Political party Liberal Party
Spouse(s) Alicia Syquia
Alma mater University of the Philippines College of Law
Profession Lawyer
Religion Roman Catholicism
After his term, he retired to his new country home in Novaliches, Quezon City, where he died of a heart
attack on February 29, 1956.
Ramon Magsaysay
7th President of the Philippines
3rd President of the Third Republic
Ramón del Fierro Magsaysay (August 31, 1907 - March 17, 1957) was the third President of the Republic of the Philippines (and seventh president overall) from December 30, 1953 until his death in a plane crash in 1957. He was elected President under the banner of the Nacionalista Party.
Carlos P. Garcia
Personal details
Born August 31, 1907
Iba, Philippines
Died March 17, 1957 (aged 49)
Balamban, Philippines
Resting place Manila North Cemetery, Santa Cruz, Manila, Philippines
Political party Nacionalista Party (1953-1957)
Liberal Party (1946-1953)
Spouse(s) Luz Banzon
Alma mater José Rizal University
Profession Engineer
Religion Roman Catholicism
8th President of the Philippines4th President of the Third Republic
Carlos Polestico García (November 4, 1896 – June 14, 1971) was a Filipino teacher, poet, orator, lawyer, public official, political economist and guerrilla leader. He became the eighth President of the Philippines known for his "Filipino First" policy, which put the interests of the Filipino people above those of foreigners and of the ruling party.
Diosdado Macapagal
Personal details
Born November 4, 1896
Talibon, Philippines
Died June 14, 1971 (aged 74)
Tagbilaran, Philippines
Resting place Libingan ng mga Bayani,Taguig City, Philippines
Political party Nacionalista Party
Spouse(s) Leonila Dimataga
Alma mater Silliman University
Profession Lawyer
Religion Roman Catholicism
Personal details
Born September 28, 1910
Lubao, Pampanga
Died April 21, 1997 (aged 86)
Makati, Metro Manila
Resting place Libingan ng mga Bayani,Taguig City, Philippines
14°31′11″N 121°2′39″E
Nationality Filipino
Political party Liberal Party
Spouse(s) Purita de la Rosa
(1938–1943)
Eva Macaraeg
(1946–1997)
Children Arturo
Cielo
Gloria
Diosdado
Alma mater University of the Philippines
University of Santo Tomas
Profession Lawyer
Professor
Religion Roman Catholicism
9th President of the Philippines5th President of the Third Republic
Diosdado Pangan Macapagal (September 28, 1910 – April 21, 1997) was the ninth President of the
Philippines, serving from 1961 to 1965, and the sixth Vice President, serving from 1957 to 1961. He also
served as a member of the House of Representatives, and headed theConstitutional Convention of 1970.
He is the father of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, who served as the 14th President of the Philippines from
2001 to 2010.
A native of Lubao, Pampanga, Macapagal graduated from the University of the Philippines andUniversity
of Santo Tomas, after which he worked as a lawyer for the government.
He first won election in 1949 to the House of Representatives, representing a district in his home province
ofPampanga. In 1957 he became vice president in the administration of President Carlos P. Garcia, and
in 1961 he defeated Garcia's re-election bid for the presidency.
As president, Macapagal worked to suppress graft and corruption and to stimulate the Philippine
economy. He introduced the country's first land reform law, placed the peso on the free currency
exchange market, and liberalized foreign exchange and import controls. Many of his reforms, however,
were crippled by a Congress dominated by the rival Nacionalista Party. He is also known for shifting the
country's observance of Independence Day from July 4 to June 12, commemorating the day Filipino
patriots declared independence from Spain in 1898. His re-election bid was defeated in 1965
by Ferdinand Marcos, whose subsequent authoritarian rule lasted 20 years.
During the Marcos administration, Macapagal was elected president of the Constitutional
Convention which would later draft what became the 1973 constitution, though the manner in which the
charter was ratified and modified led him to later question its legitimacy. He died ofheart
failure, pneumonia and renal complications at the age of 87.
Ferdinand Marcos
Personal details
Born September 11, 1917
Sarrat, Ilocos Norte, Philippines
Died September 28, 1989 (aged 72)
Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
Resting place Marcos Museum and Mausoleum, Batac, Ilocos
Norte,Philippines
Political
party
Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (1978–1989)
Other
political
affiliations
Liberal Party (1946–1965)
Nacionalista Party (1965–1978)
Spouse(s) Imelda Romuáldez (1954–1989)
Alma mater University of the Philippines College of Law
Profession Lawyer
Religion Roman Catholicism, formerlyIglesia Filipina
Independiente or Philippine Independent Church
10th President of the Philippines6th President of the Third Republic1st President of the Fourth Republic
Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos, Sr. (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989), was
a Filipino dictator who held the title of President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He was a lawyer,
member of the Philippine House of Representatives (1949–1959) and a member of the Philippine
Senate (1959–1965). He was Senate President from 1963-1965.
His regime implemented wide-ranging programs of infrastructure development and economic reform, but
was marred by allegations of authoritarianism corruption, despotism, nepotism, political repression, and
human rights violations.
In 1983, Marcos and his circle of intimates were implicated in the assassination of Benigno Aquino, Jr., an
outspoken critic of his regime. Public outrage over the assassination served as a catalyst for the People
Power Revolution in February 1986 that led to his removal from power and eventual exile in Hawaii. It is
believed that that he and his wife Imelda Marcos moved billions of dollars of embezzled public funds to
the United States, Switzerland, and other countries.
Corazon Aquino
11th President of the Philippines2nd President of the Fourth Republic1st President of the Fifth Republic
Maria Corazon Sumulong Cojuangco-
Aquino (January 25, 1933 – August 1,
2009) was the11th President of the
Philippines and the first woman to hold
that office in Philippine history. She is best remembered for leading the 1986 People Power Revolution,
which toppled Ferdinand Marcos and restored democracy in the Philippines. She is considered an icon of
democracy, and was titled by TIME Magazine in 1986 as its 'Woman of the Year'.
A self-proclaimed "plain housewife", Aquino was married to Senator Benigno Aquino, Jr., the staunchest
critic of then President Ferdinand Marcos. Senator Aquino was assassinated on August 21, 1983 upon
returning to the Philippines after three years in exile in the United States. After her husband's
assassination, Aquino emerged as the leader of the opposition against the Marcos administration. In late
1985, when President Marcos called for a snap election, Aquino ran for president with former
Personal details
Born January 25, 1933
Paniqui, Tarlac, Philippines
Died August 1, 2009 (aged 76)
Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines
Resting place Manila Memorial Park,Parañaque, Metro Manila,
Philippines
Political party Liberal Party
UNIDO
PDP-Laban
Spouse(s) Benigno S. Aquino, Jr.
(1954-1983)
Alma mater College of Mount Saint Vincent
Profession Housewife
Religion Roman Catholicism
senator Salvador Laurel as her vice-presidential running mate. After the elections were held on February
7, 1986, and the Batasang Pambansa proclaimed Marcos the winner in the elections, Aquino called for
massive civil disobedience protests, declaring herself as having been cheated and as the real winner in
the elections. Filipinos enthusiastically heeded her call and rallied behind her. These series of events
eventually led to the ousting of Marcos and the installation of Aquino as President of the Philippines on
February 25, 1986 through the People Power Revolution.
As President, Aquino oversaw the promulgation of a new constitution, which limited the powers of the
presidency and established a bicameral legislature. Her administration gave strong emphasis and
concern for civil liberties and human rights, and peace talks with communist insurgents and Muslim
secessionists. Aquino's economic policies centered on bringing back economic health and confidence
and focused on creating a market-oriented and socially-responsible economy. Aquino's administration
also faced a series of coup attempts and destructive natural calamities and disasters until the end of her
term in 1992.
Succeeded by Fidel V. Ramos as President in 1992, Aquino returned to private life although she
remained active in the public eye, often voicing her views and opinions on the pressing political issues. In
2008, Aquino was diagnosed with colon cancer and, after a one-year battle with the disease, died on
August 1, 2009. Her son Benigno, III became president on June 30, 2010.
Fidel V. Ramos
12th President of the Philippines
2nd President of the Fifth Republic
Fidel "Eddie" Valdez Ramos (born
March 18, 1928), popularly known
as FVR, was the 12thPresident of the
Philippines from 1992 to 1998. During his
six years in office, Ramos was widely
credited and admired by many for
revitalizing and renewing international
confidence in the Philippine economy.
Prior to his election as president, Ramos
served in the Cabinet of President Corazon Aquino first as chief-of-staff of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines (AFP) and, later on, as Secretary of National Defense from 1986 to 1991.
During the historic 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution, Ramos upon the invitation of then Defense
Minister Juan Ponce Enrile, was hailed as a hero even though he was not part of the plan by many
Filipinos for his decision to break away from the administration of the late strongman Ferdinand
Marcos and pledge allegiance and loyalty to the newly-established revolutionary government of Aquino,
following the downfall of Marcos from power in February 1986. Previously, he was the AFP vice chief-of-
staff, chief of PC/INP under President Marcos.
Under Ramos, the Philippines experienced a period of political stability and rapid economic growth and
expansion, as a result of his policies and programs designed to foster national reconciliation and unity.
Personal details
Born March 18, 1928 (age 83)
Lingayen, Pangasinan,Philippines
Political party Lakas-Kampi-CMD (2009–present)
Other political
affiliations
Lakas-CMD (1991-2009)
LDP (1991)
Spouse(s) Amelita Martinez
Alma mater United States Military Academy
Ateneo de Manila University
Mapúa Institute of Technology
University of the Philippines High School
Silliman University
National Defense College of the Philippines
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
Occupation Soldier
Civil engineer
Religion United Church of Christ in the Philippines
Ramos was able to secure major peace agreements with Muslim separatists, communist insurgents and
military rebels, which renewed investor confidence in the Philippine economy. Ramos also aggressively
pushed for the deregulation of the nation's major industries and the privatization of bad government
assets. As a result of his hands-on approach to the economy, the Philippines was dubbed by various
international magazines and observers as Asia's Next Economic Tiger.
However, the momentum in the economic gains made under the Ramos Administration was briefly
interrupted during the onset of the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis. Nevertheless, during the last year of the
term, the economy managed to make a rebound since it was not severely hit by the crisis as compared to
other Asian economies.
He is the only Filipino to receive an honorary British Knighthood from the United Kingdom, the GCMG or
the Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of St Michael and St George. This was bestowed
to him by Queen Elizabeth II in 1995 for services to politics and government.
To date, Ramos is the first and only non-Catholic President of the Philippines. He belongs to the
Protestant United Church of Christ in the Philippines.
President
Joseph Estrada
13th President of the Philippines
3rd President of the Fifth Republic
Joseph "Erap" Ejercito
Estrada (born José Marcelo Ejercito on
April 19 1937) was the 13th President of
the Philippines, serving from 1998 until
2001. Estrada was the first person in
thePost-EDSA era to be elected both to
the presidency and vice-presidency.
Estrada gained popularity as a film actor, playing the lead role in over 100 films in an acting career
spanning 33 years. He leveraged his popularity as an actor to make gains in politics, serving as mayor
of San Juan for seventeen years, as Senator for one term, then as Vice President of the Philippines under
the administration of President Fidel Ramos.
Estrada was elected President in 1998 with a wide margin of votes separating him from the other
challengers, and was sworn into the presidency on June 30, 1998. In 2000 he declared an "all-out-war"
Personal details
Born April 19, 1937 (age 74)
Tondo, Manila, Philippines
Political party PMP (1991-present)
Other political
affiliations
Nacionalista (1969–1987)
Liberal Party (1987–1991)
Spouse(s) Luisa Pimentel
Alma mater Ateneo de Manila University,
Mapúa Institute of Technology
Profession Actor
Businessperson
Politician
Religion Roman Catholicism
against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front and captured its headquarters and other camps.[1][2] However,
allegations of corruption spawned an impeachment trial in the Senate, and in 2001 Estrada was ousted
from a power grab after former Chief Justice Hilario Davide, Jr.allowed the prosecution to walk out of the
impeachment court when the Senator Judges voted no in the opening of the second envelope which is
not part of the impeachment complaint.
In 2007, he was sentenced by the special division of the Sandiganbayan to reclusion perpetuafor plunder,
but was later granted pardon by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. He ran for president anew in
the 2010 Philippine presidential election, but lost to then Senator Benigno Aquino III.
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
14th President of the Philippines
4th President of the Fifth Republic
Maria Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (born
April 5, 1947) is a Filipino politician who
served as the14th President of the
Philippines from 2001 to 2010, as
the 12th Vice President of the
Philippines from 1998 to 2001, and is currently a member of the House of Representativesrepresenting
the 2nd District of Pampanga. She was the country's second female president (afterCorazón Aquino), and
the daughter of former President Diosdado Macapagal.
She was a former professor of economics at Ateneo De Manila University where Noynoy Aquinowas one
of her students. She entered government in 1987, serving as assistant secretary and undersecretary of
the Department of Trade and Industry upon the invitation of President Corazón Aquino. After serving as a
Personal details
Born April 5, 1947 (age 64)
San Juan, Rizal, Philippines
Political party Lakas Kampi CMD (2009–present)
Other political
affiliations
LDP (Before 1998)
KAMPI (1997–2009)
Lakas-CMD (1998–2009)
Spouse(s) Jose Miguel Arroyo
Alma mater Georgetown University
Assumption College
Ateneo de Manila University
University of the Philippines
Profession Economist
Religion Roman Catholicism
senator from 1992 to 1998, she was elected to the vice presidencyunder President Joseph Estrada,
despite having run on an opposing ticket. After Estrada was accused of corruption, she resigned her
cabinet position as Secretary of Social Welfare and Development and joined the growing opposition to the
president, who faced impeachment. Estrada was soon forced from office by the EDSA Revolution of
2001, and Arroyo was sworn into the presidency by Chief Justice Hilario Davide, Jr. on January 20, 2001.
She was elected to a full six-year presidential term in the controversial May 2004 Philippine elections, and
was sworn in on June 30, 2004. Following her presidency she was elected to the House of
Representatives, making her the second Philippine president—after Jose P. Laurel—to pursue a lower
office after their presidency.
She is currently residing at La Vista Subdivision in Quezon City.
PROJECT INENGLISH
Submitted by:
Kimberly Sanchez
Submitted to:
Mrs. Felicidad B. Balimbin