Emission Inventory in Cyprus

ΤΜΗΜΑ ΕΠΙΘΕΩΡΗΣΗΣ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑΣΤΜΗΜΑ ΕΠΙΘΕΩΡΗΣΗΣ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑΣDEPARTMENT OF LABOUR INSPECTIONDEPARTMENT OF LABOUR INSPECTION

http//:www.mlsi.gov.cy/dli

Emission Inventory in Cyprus

Dr Chrysanthos Savvides

2

ΤΜΗΜΑ ΕΠΙΘΕΩΡΗΣΗΣ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑΣDEPARTMENT OF LABOUR INSPECTION

http://www.mlsi.gov.cy/dli

11th joint EIONET/TFEIP meeting

Emissions Inventory in Cyprus

• “Development of an emission inventory including formation of a database for atmospheric pollutant emissions and a software for simulation and forecast of air quality in Cyprus”

• Objectives:

– Collection of activity data from all emission-generating sources

– Development of an emissions database based on the methodology of the EMEP/EEA Emission Inventory Guidebook

– Development of a GIS application for the presentation of activity data and emissions on digital maps

– Development of a web-based application for the evaluation and management of air quality

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Data Sources

• Annual reports (Condition under the Air Emission Permit)

• National data offices (e.g. Statistical Service) and Government Departments

• Questionnaires sent to industries

• Measurements conducted external team– road traffic counts

– PM concentrations at quarries

• Older data from similar measurements available

• Other research projects, literature

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Road traffic data

• More than 80 24-hour measurements of traffic load,

traffic composition and average speed at urban, rural

and highway roads were carried out.

• Measurements conducted at various days of the week,

covering both weekdays and weekends and also

winter and summer conditions.

• Older data from traffic measurements were also used

(2006 and 2007 traffic census) conducted by the Public

Works Department.

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Road traffic measurementsAcropoleos Ave., Southbound

Friday-Saturday 11-12/04/2008

0200400600800

1000120014001600

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

Time of day

Veh

icle

s / h

our

Fri Sat

Acropoleos Ave., NorthboundFriday-Saturday 11-12/04/2008

0200400600800

1000120014001600

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

Time of day

Veh

icle

s / h

our

Fri Sat

Pafos - Coastal Rd. to Coral Bay, EastboundTraffic counts in spring & summer

0

200

400

600

800

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

Time of day

Veh

icle

s / h

our

Tue 20/05/2008 Tue 29/07/2008

Pafos - Coastal Rd. to Coral Bay, WestboundTraffic counts in spring & summer

0

200

400

600

800

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

Time of day

Veh

icle

s / h

our

Tue 20/05/2008 Tue 29/07/2008

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Road traffic measurements

All roads

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Traffic load (vehicles/lane/hour)

Spe

ed (

km/h

)

Limassol Ave., Northbound, 06/05/2008

20

30

40

50

60

70

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

Time of day

Spe

ed (

km/h

)

Limassol Ave., Southbound, 06/05/2008

20

30

40

50

60

70

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

Time of day

Spe

ed (

km/h

)

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PM measurements at quarries

• PM measurements (TSP and PM10) conducted at 7 quarries

• For each quarry, 35 24-hour measurements were conducted by

means of 4 High Volume Samplers

• Meteorological data and quarry activity also recorded

• Data used for producing emission factors

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Software for EI

• Input all necessary data (emission factors and activity data)

• Emission estimation per source

• View all data in several forms or reports

• Execute the emission inventory

• Save all these data in a simple database

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10




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Software Flowchart

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• Application based on open-source code

• Presentation of data on digital maps

• Dynamic content, map creation on user demand

• Linked to Air Quality Management System

GIS application

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Total annual PM10 emissions

• Emissions from all sources

• Distribution as point, linear and area sources

• 1 x 1 km resolution

Total annual NOx emissions

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Spatial and Temporal

Resolution of Emissions

Wednesday 5/7/2008, 22:00 – 23:00Wednesday 5/7/2008, 08:00 – 09:00

Wednesday 4/1/2008, 08:00 – 09:00 Wednesday 4/1/2008, 22:00 – 23:00

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NEC Pollutants Emission Inventory1990 – 2008

Graphs

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SO2 Emissions in kt

0

10

20

30

40

50

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

National Emission Ceiling

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1A1 Energy94%

Other0%

1A2 Industry4%

1A4 Res-Com1%1A3 Transport

1%

SO2 Emissions in 2008

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NOx Emissions in kt

0

5

10

15

20

25

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008


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1A1 Energy32%

Other0%

1A2 Industry15%

1A4 Res-Com3%

1A3 Transport50%

NOx Emissions in 2008

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VOC Emissions in kt

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008


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4 Agriculture21%

3 Solvent Use39%

1B Oil&Gas9%

1A4 Res-Com1%

1A3 Transport27%

1A1 Energy-Ind3%

Other0%

VOC Emissions in 2008

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NH3 Emissions in kt

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008


23




4B9 Poultry19%

4 Other Animals22%

Other0%

1 Energy7%

4B1 Cattle18%

4B8 Swine34%

NH3 Emissions in 2008

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Main Emission Sources (2008)

SOx NOx CO VOC NH3 PM10

Electricity Production 94.6 % 32.3 % 1.1 % 1.0 % 0 % 14.4 %

Industrial Combustion 3.8 % 15.4 % 15.6 % 1.9 % 0 % 5.6 %

International Aviation 0.3 % 4.0 % 2.7 % 0.9 % 0 % 0.2 %

Road Transport 0.3 % 45.1 % 76.6 % 25.9 % 6.7 % 17.4 %

Cement Production 0 % 0 % 0 % 0 % 0 % 42.9 %

Fuel Storage & Distribution 0 % 0 % 0 % 8.6 % 0 % 0 %

Mining & Construction 0 % 0 % 0 % 0.2 % 0 % 8.9 %

Solvent Use 0 % 0 % 0 % 39.8 % 0 % 0 %

Manure management 0 % 0 % 0 % 20.6 % 82.8% 0.2 %

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Conclusions• The main contributors to air pollution in Cyprus is electricity

production, cement production and road transport.

• Continuous emission reduction from road transport sector due to

the technological improvement and the fleet renewal.

• Emission reduction in electricity production due to the import

and use of LNG as the main fuel from 2014.

• Merging of the two cement industries by the end of 2010 with new

and environmental friendly cement production technology.

• With out any additional measures, continuous increasing of

emission until 2013 (LNG as a main fuel in power sector).

Documents

Emission Inventory in Cyprus