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8/8/2019 Emotion Spring 2010
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EMOTIONS
Dr Aisha Hamdan
College of MedicineUniversity of Sharjah
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Emotions
z Imagine how life would be withoutthecapacityto behappy,to laugh,to
becomeangryor sadz We would be likerobotsgoingaboutourlives without experiencingpleasureordistress
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Emotions
z Emotionsarea bountygivento us byAllah
z z Andthatitis He whomakes [one]laugh
and weep. an-Najm (53):43
yAllahhascreated withinhumanstheabilitytolaughandto weep
y torejoiceandto brood
y as wellasthecausesfor eachofthese
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What are Emotions?
z Testfrom Allahy Success based uponabilitytocontrol
emotionsy Channeltheminthedirectionordained byAllah
y As emotionsarenatural,itisnotexpectedthatwe eliminatethemcompletely
y Moderationand balanceiskey
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What are Emotions?
z Affective experiencesy Internalcomponents (i.e,subjectivefeeling,
physiologicalstates,thoughts)y Externalcomponents (i.e.,facial expressions
and behavior).
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Components of Emotion
z Physiologicalresponses- heartrate, bloodpressure,perspiration,andother bodily
responsesz Subjective experience affectiveor
feelingtone
z Emotional expression- outwardsignsofwhatapersonisfeeling
y Facial expressions
y Behavior
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Components of Emotion
z Cognitiveappraisal assessmentof
personalmeaningofcircumstancez Responsesto emotion- howregulate,reactto,andcope with
own emotionorsituation; behavior
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Primary Emotions
z Eightprimary emotions (Plutchik, 2001)y Fear
y Surprise
y Sadness
y Disgust
y Angery Anticipation
y Joy
yT
rust
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Naturally Occurring
Emotions
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z a) joy
z b) anger
z c) interest
z d) disgust
z e) surprise
z f) sadness
z g) fear
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Fig. 12.13 Primary andmixedemotions. InRobertPlutchiksmodelthereareeightprimary emotions,aslistedintheinnerareas.Adjacentemotionsmay combinetogivethe
emotionslistedaroundthe perimeter.Mixturesinvolvingmore widely separatedemotionsarealso possible. Forexample, fearplusanticipation producesanxiety. (AdaptedfromPlutchik, 2001.)
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Expressing Emotion
z Culturally universal expressions
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Experiencing Emotion
zSubjectiveWell-Being
yself-perceivedhappinessorsatisfaction withlife
yusedalong withmeasuresof
objective well-beingxphysicaland economicindicators
to evaluatepeoples qualityoflife
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Experiencing Emotion
z Doesmoney buyhappiness?
Year
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Averageper-person
after-tax incomein 1995 dollars
Percentagedescribingthemselvesasveryhappy
$20,000
$19,000
$18,000$17,000
$16,000$15,000$14,000$13,000$12,000$11,000$10,000
$9,000
$8,000
$7,000
$6,000$5,000$4,000
1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Percentage veryhappy
Personal income
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Experiencing Emotions
z Continuedpleasures wearoffPleasureisalwayscontingent uponchangeand
disappears withcontinuoussatisfaction.
z ShortlyafterIrealizedIhadplenty,I
realizedthere wasplentymore.
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Experiencing Emotion
z Adaptation-LevelPrincipley tendencytoadapttocertainconditionsafter
continual exposurex brightnessoflightsx volumeofsound
x levelofincome
y whenon wayto becominghappy tendtoadaptandadjustour expectations bysettingnew goals
y Makeshappinesssomewhatelusive
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Experiencing Emotion
z RelativeDeprivationPrincipley Ifcompareourselvestothose whoare better
off creates envyanddiscontentmenty Ifcompareourselvestothose whoare worseoff-
x help usfeelhappierandmorecontent
x thinkofhow much worsethingsreallycould be
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Experiencing Emotion
z RelativeDeprivationPrincipley TheProphet(peaceand blessings be upon
him) said, "Ifanyoneof you lookedataperson who wasmadesuperiortohiminpropertyand (ingood) appearance,thenheshouldalsolookattheone whoisinferiorto
him,andto whomhehas beenmadesuperior."Al-Bukhari
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Happiness is...
Researchers Have Found ThatHappyPeople Tend to
Havehighself-esteem(in individualisticcountries)
Beoptimistic, outgoing, and agreeable
Haveclosefriendshipsorasatisfyingmarriage
Have workand leisurethatengagetheirskills
Haveameaningfulreligiousfaith
Sleep welland exercise
However, HappinessSeems Not MuchRelated to OtherFactors, Suchas
Age
Gender(womenaremoreoftendepressed, butalsomoreoften joyful)
Educationlevels
Parenthood (having childrenornot)
Physicalattractiveness
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Balancing Emotions
z Emotionsshould beforthesakeofAllah
z Shouldnothavemorelove,fearorhopeinanyoneoranythingmorethanAllah
z Love,fearandhopeinAllahshould bebalanced
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Balancing Emotions
z LoveAllahfor blessings Hehas bestowedupon us
z Fear Hispunishmentand wrathduetooursins
z Havehopethatourgooddeeds will be
acceptedandthatAllah willacceptourrepentanceandforgiveoursins
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Controlling Emotions
z Angercan besakeofAllah
z Angerisanatural emotional, butneedstobecontrolled
z
z "Whospend [inthecauseofAllah]during easeandhardshipand whorestrainangerand whopardonthe people andAllahlovesthedoersofgood."
AliImran 3:134
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Controlling Emotions
z TheProphet (pbuh) passed bysomepeoplewho were wrestling. Heasked, Whatisthis?Theysaid, So-and-soisthestrongest,he canbeatanybody.TheProphet (pbuh) said, ShallInottellyou whois evenstrongerthanhim?Theman who, whenheismistreated by
another, controlshisanger,hasdefeatedhisownshaytaanandtheshaytaanoftheone whomadehimangry.
al-Bazzaar
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Methods to Control Anger
z SeekrefugeinAllah
z Makeablution (wudu)
z Keepsilent
z Changeposition
z Rememberrewardforcontrollinganger