Upload
tranxuyen
View
305
Download
8
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
Empat Komponen dari
Siklus Refrigerasi dan Cara
kerjanya
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
Daftar Isi
1. Bagaimana ruangan dapat dingin dan siklus
refrigerasi
2. Empat komponen siklus refrigerasi
2-1. Evaporator
2-2. Kompresor
2-3. Kondenser
2-4. Katup Ekspansi
3. Kuantitas panas dalam kaitannya dengan siklus
refrigerasi
4. Superheat dan subcool
5. Ringkasan
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
1. Bagaimana ruangan dapat dingin dan siklus refrigerasi
Open Closed
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
1. Bagaimana ruangan dapat dingin dan siklus refrigerasi
Indoor unit Outdoor unit
Katup Ekspansi
Kompresor
Evaporator Kondenser
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
2-2. Kompresor
Temperatur rendah,
tekanan rendah
Temperatur tinggi,
Tekanan tinggi
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
Posisi dari keempat komponen
Evaporator Kompresor Kondenser
Katup Ekspansi
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
3. Kuantitas panas dalam kaitannya dengan siklus refrigerasi
Kompresor
qe+w=qc
Evaporator
qe
Kondenser
qc
Heat
Heat
w
+ =
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
4. Superheat dan subcool
Evaporator
Kompresor
Kondenser
Katup Ekspansi
Superheat
Subcool
(SH)
(SC)
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
Ringkasan
Evaporator Kompresor Kondenser
Katup ekspansi
Komponen Fasa
refrigeran Tekanan Temperatur Peranan (fungsi)
Evaporator Liquid Gas Tekanan Rendah
(konstan)
Temperatur Rendah.
(Virtually constant) Menyerap kalor ,
evaporasi(qe)
Kompresor Gas Tekanan Rendah Tekanan tinggi
Temperatur rendah. Temperatur tinggi
Menekan Refrigeran dengan beban kerja kompresi (w)
Kondenser Gas Liquid Tekanan Tinggi
(Konstan)
Temperatur tinggi
(Virtually constant) Melepas kalor, kondensasi
(qc)
Katup Ekspansi Liquid Tekanan tinggi Tekanan rendah
Temperatur tinggi Temperatur rendah
MenurunkanTekanan Refrigeran
qe qc w
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
Komponen Utama selain
4 Komponen Dasar dari Siklus Refrigerasi
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
1 Muffler
2 Liquid receiver
3 Filter
4 Liquid sub-cool heat exchanger
5 Solenoid valve
6 Injection capillary tube
7 Accumulator
Komponen utama selain 4 komponen dasar dari siklus refrigerasi
A Kompresor
B Kondenser
C Expansion valve
D Evaporator
4 komponen dasar dari siklus refrigerasi
A
B
C
D
(1)
(2) (3) (4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
Komponen Utama selain 4 Komponen Dasar
High-temperature, high-pressure liquid
High-temperature, high-pressure gas
Low-temperature, low-pressure liquid
Low-temperature, low-pressure gas
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
Komponen Elektrikal yang Utama
pada Air Conditioner
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
Komponen Kelistrikan yang Utama pada Air
Conditioner
Kompresor
PCB
Fan motor Four-way valve
Solenoid valve
Electronic Expansion Valve
Crankcase heater
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
Komponen Elektronik yang Utama
pada Air Conditioner
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
1. Komponen Elektronik yang Utama Dilihat di Wiring Diagram
4) Power module
3) Diode bridge
1) Thermistors
3) Diode bridge
2) Lamp
2) Lamps
5) Pressure sensor
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
No. Komponen Simbol Tampilan Fungsi
1 Thermistor
Ketika temperatur berubah, nilai resistansinya pun berubah. Thermistor digunakan untuk mendeteksi temperatur dari berbagai komponen, data ini digunakan untuk mengontrol AC.
2 Lampu (LED)
Sebuah perangkat semikonduktor LED mengubah sinyal listrik menjadi sinyal caaya dan digunakan dalam lampu untuk menunjukkan berbagai status dari AC termasuk pengaturan, modus operasi, dan malfungsi.
3 Diode bridge Sebuah diode bridge mengubah tegangan dari AC ke tegangan DC, yang digunakan dalam AC inverter ini dan sirkuit elektronik.
4 Power
module
Power module digunakan untuk mengkonversi tegangan DC menjadi tegangan AC. Ini terdiri dari beberapa transistor dan digunakan pada kontrol AC inverter .
5 Pressure
sensor Sebuah sensor tekanan mendeteksi tekanan refrigeran, data ini digunakan untuk mengontrol AC.
2.Simbol, Tampilan, dan Fungsi dari Komponen Elektronik yang Utama
S□NPH(L)
Pilot lamp
Flashing
lamp
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
3. Thermistor
[Fungsi] Thermistor mendeteksi suhu dari berbagai komponen AC, dan data itu digunakan
untuk mengontrol AC.
[Tampilan] [Struktur]
[Simbol]
R□T
* Nomor diperlihatkan dalam kotak (□).
Wiring diagram outdoor unit
Thermistor
Cable
Pole (A)
Pole (B)
Epoxy resin Flexible epoxy resin
Sensor case Chip thermistor
For outdoor air
For suction pipe
For heat exchange
For fins For discharge pipe
A
B C
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
4. Pressure Sensor
Mendeteksi tekanan refrigeran dan digunakan dalam
mengontrol AC
№ Parts № Parts
1 Joint 9 Butyl rubber
2 Cap 10 Wiring material
3 P cover 11 Contact pin
4 Diaphragm 12 Sensor
5 Oil 13 Clinching
6 Pressure-sensitive element 14 Connector
7 Header 15 Glue
8 Pipe 16 Cable
[Fungsi]
[Struktur] [Tampilan]
[Simbol]
S□NPH
Outdoor unit wiring diagram
Pressure sensor S□NPL Low pressure sensor
High pressure sensor
Refrigerant inlet
* A number is shown in the box (□).
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
[Lokasi Instalasi 1] Outdoor unit
Heat exchanger
Electronic expansion valve
Accumulator
Liquid pipe
Gas pipe
Four-way valve
Stop valve
Diagram pemipaan refrigeran
4. Pressure Sensor
Co
mp
res
so
r
Pressure sensor
During cooling During heating
High pressure switch
Dis
trib
ution p
ipe
Selama heating
Selama cooling
Low pressure section
High pressure section
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
A Kompresor
B Kondenser
C Expansion valve
D Evaporator
4 komponen dasar dari siklus refrigerasi
1 High pressure switch
2 Low pressure switch
3 Fusible plug
4 Reverse phase protector
5 Compressor overheat protection device
6 Overcurrent relay
Safety device utama dari siklus refrigerasi
4 6
1 2
3
5
Safety Device Utama dari Siklus Refrigerasi
A
B
C
D
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
1. Kondisi Operasi Standar (Pendinginan)
2. Poin Pengukuran dan Metode
Pengukuran di Indoor Unit
3. Poin Pengukuran dan Metode
Pengukuran di Outdoor Unit
4. Standar Operasi Pendinginan
Daftar isi
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
Kondisi Operasi Standard (Pendinginan)
Outdoor air
Panas
Indoor
Udara Panas
Udara dingin
[Indoor unit]
[Outdoor unit]
Kondisi suhu panas
sebagaimana ditentukan dalam
JISB8615-1
35℃DB 24℃WB
27℃DB 19℃WB
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
Evaporator Condenser
Compressor
Expansion valve
Udara Panas
Indoor
Panas
Udara dingin
Kondisi Operasi Standard (Cooling)
High-temp.
high-pressure liquid
High-temp.
high-pressure gas
Low-temp.
low-pressure liquid
Low-temp.
low-pressure gas
[Outdoor
unit]
[Indoor unit]
[Air-cooled R410A]
27℃DB
19℃WB
35℃DB
24℃WB
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
Kondisi Operasi Standar (Pendinginan)
[Outdoor unit] [Indoor unit]
Evaporator Condenser
Compressor
Expansion valve
High-temp.
high-pressure liquid
High-temp.
high-pressure gas
Low-temp.
low-pressure liquid
Low-temp.
low-pressure gas
[Air-cooled R410A]
1) Low pressure
2) Evaporation temp.
(Berdasarkan kurva saturasi) 3) Suction gas temp.
4) Superheat temp.
[Perhitungan = (3) – (2)] 5) Room temp. (Suction temp.)
6) Discharge temp.
①
②
③
⑤
⑥
④
High-temp. high-pressure gas
Condensation temp.(Berdasarkan kurva saturasi)
Expansion valve inlet temp.
Subcool temp.
Discharge gas temp. Outdoor temp. (Suction temp.)
Discharge temp.
2 3 ( Calculation = - )
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
3
4
5
6 7
1
2
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
Poin Pengukuran dan Metode
Pengukuran di Unit Indoor
Pasang manifold gauge ke unit outdoor
dan baca nilai pada pengukur tekanan
rendah
(1) Pengukuran tingkat tekanan rendah
[Cooling]
Room temperature: 27C
Manifold Gauge Indoor unit
Outdoor unit
Low pressure poin pengukuran
Low pressure
gauge
(1) Low pressure level :
0.84 MPa
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
(Tekanan)
Kurva saturasi untuk R410A
(Temp.)
(1) Low pressure level :
0.84 MPa
(2) Evaporation temperature 5C
Poin Pengukuran dan Metode
Pengukuran di Unit Indoor
(2) Cara menentukan temperatur evaporator
Low-temp. low-pressure liquid
Low-temp. low-pressure gas
Evaporator Indoor unit
(1)Low pressure level:
0.84 MPa (2)Evaporation temp.: 5C
Mendapatkan temperatur penguapan pada kurva saturasi untuk R410A, mengunakan tekanan
rendah, diukur dengan pengukur tekanan rendah. Low pressure gauge
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
(3) Mengukur temperatur suction gas
[Cooling]
Room temperature: 27C
Indoor unit
Mengukur temperatur permukaan pipa
gas suction unit outdoor. Ini dapat
dianggap sebagai suhu gas suction
Outdoor unit
Pipa gas suction
(3) Temperatur gas suction: 11C
Permukaan pengukur temperatur
Poin Pengukuran dan Metode
Pengukuran di Unit Indoor
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
(4) Superheat temp. =
(3) Suction gas temp. – (2) Evaporation temp.
Superheat temp.: 6C =
Poin Pengukuran dan Metode
Pengukuran di Unit Indoor
(4) Cara menentukan temperatur superheat
Low-temp.
low-pressure liquid
Low-temp.
low-pressure gas
Evaporator
Indoor unit
(2) Evaporation temp.: 5C
(3) Suction gas temp.: 11C
(2) Evaporation temp.
- 5℃
(3) Suction gas temp.
11℃
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
Bagaimana mengukur suhu discharge
(6) Pengukuran temperatur discharge
[Cooling]
Temperature ruangan
[(5)Suction temp.: 27C)]
Indoor unit
(6) Temperatur discharge : 12C
Digital thermometer
Low-temp.
low-pressure liquid
Low-temp.
low-pressure gas
Evaporator Indoor unit
(6) Discharge temp.: 12C
(5) Suction temp.: 27C
Perbedaan temperatur udara dalam ruangan = (5) Suction temp. – (6) Discharge temp.
15℃ = 27℃ - 12℃
1. Set aliran udara selama operasi pendinginan
2. Ukur suhu15 Menit setelah beroperasi
3. Bagilah permukaan debit udara yang sama,
mengukur pada titik yang berbeda dibagi
sepanjang permukaan dan menghitung nilai
rata-rata.
Poin Pengukuran dan Metode
Pengukuran di Unit Indoor
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
Indoor unit
Outdoor unit
Kondisi Operasi Setandar (unit Indoor)
Evaporator
[Air-cooled R410A]
Condenser
Compressor
Expansion valve
High-temp. high-pressure liquid
High-temp high-pressure gas
Low-temp.
low-pressure liquid
Low-temp.
low-pressure gas
(1) Low pressure 0.84 MPa
(2) Evaporation temperature (Berdasarkan kurva saturasi) 5C
(3) Suction gas temperature 11C
(4) Superheat temperature [Penghitungan = (3) – (2)] 6C
(5) Room temperature (Suction temperature) 27C
(6) Discharge temperature 12C
Perbedaan temp. udara ruangan [Calculation = (5) – (6)] 15C
(1)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(6)
(4)
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
Point Pengukuran dan Metode Pengukuran (Unit Outdoor)
Pasang manifold gauge ke unit outdoor
dan baca nilai pada alat pengukuran
tekanan tinggi.
(1) Pengukuran tekanan tinggi
[Cooling]
Temperatur ruangan: 27C
Manifold gauge
Indoor unit
Outdoor unit
Temperatur Outdoor : 35C
High pressure gauge
(1) Tingkat tekanan tinggi: 3.0 MPa
Titik pengukuran tekanan tinggi
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
(Pressure)
(Temp.)
(2) Bagaimana menentukan temperatur kondensasi
(1) High pressure
level : 3.0 MPa
(2) Temperatur condenser : 50C High-temp. high-pressure liquid
High-temp. high-pressure gas
Outdoor unit
Condenser
Compressor
Expansion valve
(1) Nilai High pressure : 3.0 MPa (2) Condensation temp.: 50 C
High pressure gauge
Mendapatkan temperatur penguapan pada kurva saturasi untuk R410A, tekanan tinggi, diukur
dengan manifold gauge.
Point Pengukuran dan Metode Pengukuran (Unit Outdoor)
Kurva saturasi untuk R410A
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
Expansion valve
Surface thermometer
(3) Pengukuran temperatur inlet katup ekpansi
Outdoor unit
High-temp. high-pressure liquid
High-temp. high-pressure gas
Outdoor unit Condenser
Compressor
Expansion valve
Mengukur suhu permukaan pipa inlet
katup ekpansi (3) Temperature pipa inlet expansi: 45C
Point Pengukuran dan Metode Pengukuran (Unit Outdoor)
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
(4) Subcool temp. =
(2) Temp. condenser – (3) Temp inlet expansi valve.
50℃
(2) Temp. condenser.
(4) Cara menentukan temperatur subcool
High-temp. high-pressure liquid
High-temp. high-pressure gas
Outdoor unit Condenser
Compressor
Expansion valve
(3) Temp. inlet expansi valve.: 45C
(2) Tep. condenser.: 50C
Temp. subcool.: 5C =
3) Temp. expansi valve.
- 45℃
Point Pengukuran dan Metode Pengukuran (Unit Outdoor)
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
(5) Pengukuran temperatur gas discharge
High-temp. high-pressure liquid
High-temp. high-pressure gas
Outdoor unit Condenser
Compressor
Expansion
valve
5) Temp. gas discharge.:
100C
Mengukur temperatur permukaan pipa discharge kompresor.
(Hati-hati ketika mengukur karena pipa panas selama beroperasi.)
Compressor
Four-way valve
Discharge pipe
Outdoor unit
Point Pengukuran dan Metode Pengukuran (Unit Outdoor)
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
(7) Pengukuran temperatur discharge
High-temp. high-pressure liquid
High-temp. high-pressure gas
Outdoor unit Condenser
Compressor
Expansion valve
(6) Tep.outdoor.:
35C (7) Temp. discharge.:
50 C
Perbedaan temp. udara outdoor = (7) Temp. discharge. – (6) Temp. suction. (temp. outdoor.)
15℃ = 50℃ - 35℃
Outdoor unit
(7) Temp. discharge.:
50C
(6) Temp. Outdoor.:
35C (Suction temp.)
Point Pengukuran dan Metode Pengukuran (Unit Outdoor)
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
Indoor unit Outdoor unit
Standard Operasi bagian (Pendinginan)
(1)
(2)
(3)
⑤
(6)
(4) Evaporator
[Air-cooled R410A]
Condenser
Compressor
Expansion valve
High-temp. high-pressure liquid
High-temp. high-pressure gas
Low-temp. low-pressure liquid
Low-temp. low-pressure gas
(1) Low pressure 0.84 MPa
(2) Evaporation temperature
(Based on the saturation curve) 5C
(3) Suction gas temperature 11C
(4) Superheat temperature [Calculation = (3) – (2)] 6C
(5) Room temperature (Suction temperature) 27C
(6) Discharge temperature 12C
Indoor air temperature difference [Calculation = (5) – (6)]
15C
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
100℃ Discharge gas temperature
15℃ Outdoor air temperature difference
50℃ Discharge temperature
35℃ Outdoor temperature (Suction temperature)
5℃ Subcool temperature
45℃ Expansion valve inlet temperature
50℃ Condensation temperature
(Based on the saturation curve)
3MPa High pressure 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
(Calculation = – ) 2 3
(Calculation = – ) 7 6
Daikin Training © DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
WBT JP0024-1
Indoor unit Outdoor unit Evaporator Condenser
Compressor
Expansion valve High-temp.
high-pressure liquid
High-temp. high-pressure gas
Low-temp. low-pressure liquid
Low-temp. low-pressure gas
Superheat temp.
3~8 ℃
Suction gas temp.
3~16 ℃ Discharge gas temp.
70~115 ℃
Temp subcool 5±2 ℃
Liquid temp.
36~52
Perbedaan temp udara Indoor.
9 ~15 ℃
Low pressure 0.7~0.93 MPa
Temp. evaporation. 0~8 ℃
Temp. condensation 43~55 ℃
Temp udara outdoor. 28~35 ℃
A
B C
D
A-B= High pressure 2.1~3.3 MPa
Perbedaan temp. udara outdoor 9 ~15 ℃ C-D=
Udara dingin Udara panas
℃
Temp. ruangan.
Outdoor air
[Air-cooled R410A]
Standard Operasi bagian (Pendinginan)