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Empirical Understanding of Traffic Data Influencing Roadway PM 2.5 Emission Estimate. NSF-UC 2012-2013 Academic-Year REU Program. GRA Mentors. Faculty Mentor. Undergraduate Researchers. Heng Wei, Ph.D., P.E. Associate Professor Director, ART-Engines Lab School of Advanced Structures - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Empirical Understanding of Traffic Data Influencing Roadway PM2.5 Emission Estimate
NSF-UC 2012-2013 Academic-Year REU Program
Faculty Mentor
Heng Wei, Ph.D., P.E.Associate Professor Director, ART-Engines LabSchool of Advanced StructuresUniversity of Cincinnati
GRA Mentors
Mr. Zhuo YaoMr. Hao LiuMr. Qingyi Ai
Undergraduate Researchers
Mr. Zachary Johnson (Sr. M.E.)Mr. Charles Justin Cox (Sr. E.E.)
2
BackgroundProblem StatementGoals and ObjectivesMethodologyResults
- PM2.5 Results- Field Data- Regression Modeling
Conclusions
3
What is PM2.5?
Background[1]
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PM2.5, Current Models & MethodsPM2.5
โข Long term vs short term effects
Complexity of modeling pollutantsโข Number of models (CALINE4,CAL3QHC,etc.)โข Rapidly changing traffic conditionsโข Difficulty getting accurate traffic data into MOVES
Modeling methods usedโข Vehicle Video-Capture Data Collector (VEVID)โข Rapid Traffic Emission and Energy Consumption
Analysis (REMCAN)โข Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES)
Background
5
BackgroundProblem StatementGoals and ObjectivesMethodologyResults
- PM2.5 Results- Field Data- Regression Modeling
Conclusions
Problem Statementโข Regional Air Quality Index Concernsโข Cincinnati and PM2.5
โข Contribution of On-road Transportation Activity to PM2.5 Emission:
6Problem Statement
Current Location
[2]
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BackgroundProblem StatementGoals and ObjectivesMethodologyResults
- PM2.5 Results - Field Data- Regression Modeling
Conclusions
Goals & Objectives
Goal:โข Gain insights on how dynamic traffic operating conditions
affect the PM2.5 emission estimation;
Objectives:
โข Design and plan to collect traffic and PM2.5;
โข Model data using VEVID, and REMCAN then compare results to the EPAโs MOVES model.
โข Develop regression model to predict the emission of PM2.5;
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Goals & Objectives
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Design and Plan of Field Data Collection
Goals & Objectives
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11
BackgroundProblem StatementGoals and ObjectivesMethodologyResults
- PM2.5 Results - Field Data- Regression Modeling
Conclusions
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Methodology
Methodology
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BackgroundProblem StatementGoals and ObjectivesMethodologyResults
- PM2.5 Results - Field Data- Regression Modeling
Conclusions
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Data Attained Through Field Collection
Results: PM2.5 Results
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Results: PM2.5 Results
Data Attained Through MOVES
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MOVES and Field Data Comparison
Results: PM2.5 Results
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BackgroundProblem StatementGoals and ObjectivesMethodologyResults
- PM2.5 Results - Field Data- Regression Modeling
Conclusions
Vehicle Traffic on October 3rd and October 9th
18Results: Field Data
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Pollutant Emissions and Meteorological Results
Results: Field Data
Arrow direction denotes the direction in which wind is moving.
90 Degrees: North180 Degrees: West270 Degrees: South0/360 Degrees: East
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Operating Mode Distribution Results
Results: Field Data
[2]
๐๐๐ =v x [1.1a + 9.81 x grade(%)+ 0.132]+ 0.000302 x v3
Cars
VSP = v x [a + 9.81 x grade(%) + 0.09199] + 0.000169 x v3
Trucks
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BackgroundProblem StatementGoals and ObjectivesMethodologyResults
- PM2.5 Results- Field Data- Regression Modeling
Conclusions
22
Regression Modeling
PM2.5 = intercept+ X1*All Vehicles + X2*Cars + X3*Trucks + X4*WindSpeed(mph) + X5*Outside Temperature (F) +X6*Wind + Direction in Radians + X7*Relative Humidity + X8*Wind Density (kg/m3).
Basic Regression Equation Example
Our Regression Equation Example
Results: Regression Modeling
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Results: Regression Modeling
Comparing Linear, Quadratic, and Polynomial Linearization Results
๐ (๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ท๐ด๐ .๐)=0.054โ0.000015โ ๐ด๐๐ h๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ +0.000016โ๐ถ๐๐๐ +0.000015โ๐๐๐ข๐๐๐ โ0.0000267โ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ( h๐๐ )โ0.000106โ๐๐ข๐ก๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ก๐ข๐๐ (๐น )โ0.000163โ๐๐๐๐๐ท๐๐๐๐๐ก๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐ โ6.127โ๐ ๐๐๐๐ก๐๐ฃ๐๐ป๐ข๐๐๐๐๐ก๐ฆโ0.0403โ๐๐๐๐๐ท๐๐๐ ๐๐ก๐ฆ (๐๐๐3 )Variable P-ValueAll Vehicles 0.72
Cars 0.72
Trucks 0.68
Wind Speed 0.36
Outside Temperature (ยฐF) 0.24
Wind Direction (radians) 0.10
Relative Humidity 0.08
Wind Density (kg/m3) 0.45
Regression Type R-squared Terms
Linear
Quadratic
Polynomial
0.107
0.59
0.863
8
45
165
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BackgroundProblem StatementGoals and ObjectivesMethodologyResults
- PM2.5 Results- Field Data- Regression Modeling
Conclusions
25
Conclusions
โ Our method of PM2.5 capture successfully models an increase in PM2.5 pollutants as traffic increases.
โ Our field results are 6 orders of magnitude (106) less than MOVES results. MOVES measures along 1 mile, while our data is collected at one point.
โ Organic Carbon (hydrocarbons) accounts for the greatest of the PM2.5 pollutants.
โ Vehicle speeds above 50mph are placed into the same Operating Mode and therefore reducing accuracy with higher speeds.Conclusions
26
Citations
1. โBasic Informationโ EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, n.d. Web. 03 Dec. 2012. http://www.epa.gov/pm/basic.html.
2. "Air Quality Index Forecasts." Air Quality Index Forecasts. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Dec. 2012.
3. Yao, Zhuo, Heng Wei, Tao Ma, Qingyi Ai, and Hao Liu. Developing Operating Mode Distribution Inputs for MOVES Using Computer. Tech. no. 13-4899. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Web. 3 Dec. 2012.
Thankyou.
Dr.HengWeiZhuoYaoHaoLiuQingyiAiKristenStromingerDr.UrmilaGhiaDr.KirtiGhiaDr.DariaNarmoneva โฆand to the REU-program