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Employability Improvement Project (EIP)
for Inclusive Growth
Bilateral cooperation betweenSouth Africa and Japan
Mamoru [email protected]
Contents of the presentation;
1. Meaning of ‘WORK’, `SKILLs Development’ inthe context of Economic growth theory
2. Outline of the EIP
3. Recommendations to the NSDS 3
1. Meaning of ‘WORK’ and ‘SkillsDevelopment’ in the context of economicgrowth theory
Work means the `add value activity` by a person toproduce economic value from ‘input’ to ‘output’.
Therefore, Human Capital is essential factor of Economicgrowth which is contrasted with investment capital, suchas land, machine, etc..
Importance of Human Capital must be recognized andintroduced proactively to the fields of Human resourceand Skills Development.
[1] Accelerated and Shared Growth-South Africa
Human Capital and GDP (GDP pp) Growth
GDP GDP Labour forceGDP per capita = = x
Total Population Labour force Total Population
National Productivity
United Nations(MDGs) South Africa
Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger Policy:AsgiSATarget Indicator(2015) Target(2014)
Target 1.B:Achieve full and productiveemployment and decent work for all,including women and young people
1.4 Growth rate of GDP perperson employed
1.5 Employment-to-populationratio
1. GDP 6%Growth2. 50% Poverty3. 50% unemployment
*GDP: Gross Domestic Product
Quantity (Un)Employment rate Job creation
Quality Learning outcomes
through Skills Development
Exogeneous and Endogeneous growth theory proved thatGDP growth cannot be explained only by capital productivity andlabour productivity. There are residual factors contributing to thegrowth.
1. Impact of innovation2. Multi-factor productivity rather than labour productivity
Macro-Economy theory and Human Capital
Solow-Swan growth model
Labour & Capital productivity: diminish
Technology innovation yields largereffects than capital productivity
Innovation
Diminishing returns
GDP GDP Labour ForceGDP per capita = = x
Total Population Labour Force Total Population
Education &Training
Knowledge ProfessionalSkills
GDP Growth cannot be explained
Residualcompetence
Residual factors arenot well attained
TechnologyInnovation
Management capacityMulti-
FactorCapitalLabourType of
Productivity
Authentic Competence in macro-economy
TVET: to complete within the education and training periodCompetence = professional knowledge + skills
NQF: to provide opportunities for life-long competence developmentto meet the authentic industry’s demands
Competence = Knowledge + Skills + residual factors
NQF Level: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
I can complete work
I can manage work
I can do tasks
I understand
I know
Different concept between TVET and NQF
Assessment(NQF)
Cognitive Exp.(WIL)
AlignmentLearningOutcomes
CompetentHR input
GDP GrowthGDP Growth
WorkplaceRequirements
WorkplaceRequirements
AcademicAcquirements
AcademicAcquirements
PrivatePrivate
PublicPublic
SME, Entpr.SME, Entpr.
Education &Training System
Learning InputCriteria
SkillsSkills
KnowledgeKnowledge
ResidualCompetencies
ResidualCompetencies
EIP concept and Operations: Mechanism of E&T system for GDP growth
Needs
Quality
Reality
1. Comprehensive ‘human capital’ concept, speciallyresidual factors, for the Skills DevelopmentFramework (NSDS)
Considerable elements for Skills Development
2. Promote awareness of ‘Productivity’ among theyouth
3. Residual factors of MFP, including Innovation, to beformed in the education and training system that isrequired by both formal sector andSME/entrepreneur
2. Outline of EIP (phase 1, 2011 - 2013)
Why EIP?Improve quality of Skills Development education andtraining by introducing residual factors of human capital
Who will be benefited?Youth, specially UOT students
What would EIP provide?‘3i knowledge & Thinking System’ training model
Where would EIP operate?Corporate Education department in UOTs for WILprogramme and Employability Improvement programme
How to imply EIP system?Introduce the 3i training model to UOTs and to WILcoordinators.
3i Knowledge and Thinking SystemWhy 3i training model is developed?
To fulfill the demands which industries seek forrecruitment
Which kind of knowledge?Implementation, Improvement and Innovation as a coreof the Multi-Factor Productivity
How would courses be structured?Organize lecture courses by 1)integrating theory,2)practice tool, and 3)hands-on exercise
How is the 3i model beneficial to the students?3i model would change student`s mind-set and improvework readiness for WIL programme, as well as for jobseeking.
Kaizen, TQM
LogicalOrganization
Add valueactivities
Output
Input
Efficient Activities
3i system Solution3i system Solution improvementimprovementProductive thinkingProblem solving mindset
implementationimplementationOutput oriented& Logical thinking
Output
Input ̶ waste / errorProductivity =
innovationinnovationInnovative thinking
OutputInput x residuals
GDP growth Solow model
Indicators:Efficiency
Effectiveness
Indicators:Efficiency
Effectiveness
S&TProductivity
Factors
S&TProductivity
Factors
innovation Sys.Body of Knowledge
ProjectAnalysis
Tools
ProjectAnalysis
Tools
Observation /Genba tools
Observation /Genba tools
3i System - Knowledge Chain
Productive &Innovative Mindset
implementation
improvement
PMBOK
IDEO
Program & ProjectBody of Knowledge
ProjectLife Cycle5 Stages
ProjectLife Cycle5 Stages
Project ManagementBody of Knowledge
9 Factors
ProductivityBody of Knowledge PDCA
Kaizen /Lean
PDCAKaizen /
Lean TQMBody of Knowledge
7 tools
1) Theory of Productivity
Measurement of Single and Multi-factorproductivity;
• labour/material/capital/MF productivity
Measurement of quantitative and qualitativefactors;
• wastage, efficiency, utilization,absenteeism, turnover
2) Useful Tools
KAIZEN (Lean Manufacturing);• Team building• PDCA• Go to see (Genba)• 3M standardization (Muri, Mura, Muda)• 7 wastes• Push and pull, just-in-time• 5S• Visual management
3) Practice on the line production
Individual production• Drawing, specification, tools, assembly tasks
Line production run #1 - #4• Planning of tasks and sequences (Planning)• Identification of problem and problem solving• Application of KAIZEN• Quality control• Development of jigs (Innovative solution)• Evaluation by Productivity Science
1) Theory of Project management
Differentiation of Programme and Project 5 indicators for evaluation Project life cycle Problem analysis Objective analysis Logical framework (PDM) Scope management 9 managements factors in PMBOK Flow of project management in PMBOK Project monitoring and evaluation
2) Useful Tools
Participatory analysis and decision making Logical framework (PDM) 9 management tools for a check template Fishbone diagram Critical path method Gant chart application Excel spread sheet management
Innovation Education in Univ. in Japan
The University of Tokyo i - SchoolUniversity of Kyoto Design school
Tokyo Institute of Technology School of Innovationmanagement
Hitotsubashi University Institute of Innovation research
Keio University System Design and Managementand, many other universities
Contents in the Innovation;
1) Theory of innovation system 6 patterns of innovation;
•Automation, 1+1=New, process, material,distribution, IT distance
IDEO system;•Situation analysis, wild idea, innovation
system flow Intellectual Property Right (IPR)
2) Useful Tools
Visual material;• Good practice in the industry• Good practice in the university• IDEO system Application of the PCM tools 6 patterns of innovation
3) Practice on innovation system
R100,000 project;• PCM analysis and planning• Intervention by Innovation flow• Proto-type production• Business model by PMBOK template
EIP phase 2 (2013 – 2015)
Will train lecturers of WIL coordinators of the UOTswho will conduct the students courses
Will expand to Comprehensive Universities
Will develop a suitable 3i training model for FETteachers training programme
Will support neighbouring countries
3. Recommendations NSDS may consider introducing Economic
growth and productivity concept. Residual factors could be introduced to the
education and training system as equivalent asconventional components of professionalknowledge and skills
3i training model is recommended in the WILcurriculum as a standard course.
Function of corporate education should bestrengthened by recruiting more staff.