Employee Employee Attitudes and Attitudes and Their EfectsTheir EfectsBy ByBurak Cenk Adalan Burak Cenk Adalan064553 064553Chapter Obecti!esChapter Obecti!esThe "ature o# Attitudes and $ob %atis#action The "ature o# Attitudes and $ob %atis#actionThe &elationship bet'een (er#ormance andThe &elationship bet'een (er#ormance and %atis#action %atis#action$ob )n!ol!ement and Or*ani+ation Commitment $ob )n!ol!ement and Or*ani+ation Commitment%ome (ositi!e and "e*ati!e Efects o#Employee%ome (ositi!e and "e*ati!e Efects o#Employee Attitudes AttitudesOr*ani+ationalCiti+enship Beha!iors Or*ani+ationalCiti+enship Beha!iorsBene#its o# %tudyin* Employee Attitudes Bene#its o# %tudyin* Employee Attitudes,esi*n and -se o# $ob %atis#action %ur!eys ,esi*n and -se o# $ob %atis#action %ur!eysThe "ature o# AttitudesThe "ature o# AttitudesAttitudes are the feelings and beliefs that largelyAttitudes are the feelings and beliefs that largely determine how employees will perceive theirdetermine how employees will perceive their environment, commit themselves to intendedenvironment, commit themselves to intended actions and ultimately behave.actions and ultimately behave. Attitudes form a mental set that afects how weAttitudes form a mental set that afects how we view something else ,much as a window providesview something else ,much as a window provides a framework for our view into or out of aa framework for our view into or out of a building.building. $ob %atis#action$ob %atis#actionJob satisfaction Job satisfaction: is a set of favorable or unfavorable: is a set of favorable or unfavorable feelings and emotions with which employees view theirfeelings and emotions with which employees view their work.Job satisfaction is an afective attitude a feeling ofwork.Job satisfaction is an afective attitude a feeling of relative like or dislike toward something. relative like or dislike toward something.Individual focus : Individual focus :Job satisfaction typically refers to the Job satisfaction typically refers to the attitudes of a single employee but theres an importantattitudes of a single employee but theres an important thing like moral, it isfor all group satisfaction. thing like moral, it isfor all group satisfaction.tability of a Job atisfaction : tability of a Job atisfaction :Attitudes aregenerally Attitudes aregenerally ac!uired over a long period of time.imilarly "obac!uired over a long period of time.imilarly "ob satisfaction or dissatisfaction emerges as an employeesatisfaction or dissatisfaction emerges as an employee gains more and more information about the workplace. gains more and more information about the workplace.$ob %atis#action$ob %atis#action#nvironmental Impact: #nvironmental Impact: Job satisfaction is a oneJob satisfaction is a one part of life satisfaction.$he nature of a workerspart of life satisfaction.$he nature of a workers environment of the "ob indirectly in%uences hisenvironment of the "ob indirectly in%uences his or her feelings on the "ob.imilarly , since a "ob isor her feelings on the "ob.imilarly , since a "ob is an important part of a life for many workers "oban important part of a life for many workers "ob satisfaction infuluence general life satisfaciton. satisfaction infuluence general life satisfaciton.&oliticsJob 'amiliy(I'#(eisure)eligion$ob )n!ol!ement$ob )n!ol!ementIn addition to "ob satisfaction, three otherIn addition to "ob satisfaction, three other distinct but related , employee attitudes aredistinct but related , employee attitudes are important to many employees. Job Involvement isimportant to many employees. Job Involvement is the degree to which employees immersethe degree to which employees immerse themselves in their "obs,invest time and energythemselves in their "obs,invest time and energy in them and view work as a central part of theirin them and view work as a central part of their overall lives. overall lives.Or*ani+ation CommitmentOr*ani+ation Commitment*rgani+ational commitment or employee *rgani+ational commitment or employee loyalty is the degree to which an employee loyalty is the degree to which an employee identifies with the organi+ation and wants to identifies with the organi+ation and wants to continue actively participating in it. continue actively participating in it. ,ork -oods,ork -oods: #mployees also have feelings : #mployees also have feelings about thier "obs thatare highly dynamic :they about thier "obs thatare highly dynamic :they can change within a day hour or minute.can change within a day hour or minute.$hese variable attitutes toward their "obs are $hese variable attitutes toward their "obs are called called Work Moods.Work Moods.Efects o# Employee AttitudeEfects o# Employee AttitudeAttitudes are reasonably good predictors ofAttitudes are reasonably good predictors of behaviors. $hey provide clues to an employeesbehaviors. $hey provide clues to an employees behavioral intentions or inclinations to act in abehavioral intentions or inclinations to act in a certain way.&ositive "obs attitudes help predictcertain way.&ositive "obs attitudes help predict constructive behaviors: negative "ob attitudesconstructive behaviors: negative "ob attitudes help predict undesirable behaivors. help predict undesirable behaivors.#mployee &erformance: #mployee &erformance: atisfied workersatisfied workers actually may be high , average , or even lowactually may be high , average , or even low producersand they will tend to continue theproducersand they will tend to continue the level of performance that previously broughtlevel of performance that previously brought them satisfaction. them satisfaction.Efects o# Employee AttitudesEfects o# Employee Attitudes$urnover: $urnover: As might be e.pected higher "obAs might be e.pected higher "ob satisfaction is associated with lower employeesatisfaction is associated with lower employee turnover , which is the proportion ofemployeesturnover , which is the proportion ofemployees leaving an organi+ation during a given timeleaving an organi+ation during a given time period. period.(er#ormance.reater or lesser efort&e'ardsEconomic %ociolo*ical(sycholo*ical(erception o# e/uiltyre'ards 0air -n#airatisfaction or /issatisfaction0reater of lesser 1ommitment$urnoverAbsenteeism$ardiness$heft2iolence$he &erformance atisfaction 3#fort (oopTurno!er and AbsencesTurno!er and Absences)elationship of"ob satisfaction to turnover and)elationship of"ob satisfaction to turnover and absences 'igure absences 'igure4igh(ow4igh$urnoverAbsences$urnover and AbsencesAbsences and TardinessAbsences and Tardiness#mplotees who have low "ob satisfaction tend to be#mplotees who have low "ob satisfaction tend to be absent more often.$he connection is not alwaysabsent more often.$he connection is not always sharp , for couple of reasons. sharp , for couple of reasons.The#t1 The#t1 ome employees steal products.*thers useome employees steal products.*thers use company services without any authori+ation.$hesecompany services without any authori+ation.$hese kind of things are called theft. kind of things are called theft.2iolence1 2iolence1 *ne of the most e.treme conse!uences of*ne of the most e.treme conse!uences of employee dissatisfaciton is e.hibited throughemployee dissatisfaciton is e.hibited through violence.$his violence sourcecan be includeviolence.$his violence sourcecan be include customers or strangers customers or strangers%tudyin* $ob %atis#action%tudyin* $ob %atis#action-anagement needs information on employee "ob-anagement needs information on employee "ob satisfaction in order to make sound decsions , both insatisfaction in order to make sound decsions , both in preventing and solving employee problems. preventing and solving employee problems.Bene#its o# ob %atis#actionBene#its o# ob %atis#action %tudies1%tudies1 If "ob satisfactionIf "ob satisfaction studies are properly planned and administered they willstudies are properly planned and administered they will usually produce a number of important benefits bothusually produce a number of important benefits both general and specific. general and specific.3onitorin*3onitorin* Attitudes1Attitudes1 *ne benifit of attitude studies is*ne benifit of attitude studies is that they give management an indication of general levels ofthat they give management an indication of general levels of satisfaction in a company. satisfaction in a company.AdditionalAdditional Bene#its1Bene#its1 urveys have many other benefits asurveys have many other benefits as well.$he %ow of communication in all directions is improvedwell.$he %ow of communication in all directions is improved as people plan the survey.,take it and discuss its results. as people plan the survey.,take it and discuss its results.-se o# E4istin* $ob -se o# E4istin* $ob %atis#action )n#ormation%atis#action )n#ormationources *f Information-edical records$raining records 5uality records(abor $urnover,aste and scrap repots#.it interviews#.amples of "ob satisfaction6related information avaiable in organi+ation%ur!ey ,esi*n and 0ollo'up%ur!ey ,esi*n and 0ollo'up0eneral managers need to identify a purpose for0eneral managers need to identify a purpose for attitudes assessment,obtain top management addattitudes assessment,obtain top management add union support and then develop theunion support and then develop the measurement instrument. measurement instrument.Identify reason for survey*btain management commitment/evelop survey instrumentAdminister survey$abulate resultsAnaly+e results&rovide feedback to participantsImplement action plan-onitoring results3aor steps in a%ystemyic approachTo conductin* sur!ey%ur!ey ,esi*n and 0ollo'up%ur!ey ,esi*n and 0ollo'upClosed 5End 6uestions1Closed 5End 6uestions1$hese present a$hese present a choice of answers in such a way that employeeschoice of answers in such a way that employees simply select and mark anwsers and thesesimply select and mark anwsers and these answers show their feelings. answers show their feelings.Opened 7End 6uestions1 Opened 7End 6uestions1 &resent a variety of&resent a variety of topics but let employees answer in their owntopics but let employees answer in their own words. words.Critical )ssuesCritical )ssues&eliability &eliability: :Is the capacity of a survey instrument to Is the capacity of a survey instrument to produceconsistent result ,regardless of who produceconsistent result ,regardless of whoadministers it. administers it.2alidity 2alidity: In addition to reliability , studies of "ob: In addition to reliability , studies of "ob satisfaction need validity or capacity to meansuresatisfaction need validity or capacity to meansure what they claim to meansure. what they claim to meansure.%ocial ,esirability1%ocial ,esirability1 $he tendency of employees to$he tendency of employees to have social desirability bias thats importantance ofhave social desirability bias thats importantance of challenge in their "ob. challenge in their "ob.-sin* %ur!ey )n#ormation-sin* %ur!ey )n#ormationCommunicatin* the &esults1 Communicatin* the &esults1$he first step in $he first step in using "ob satisfaction information is tousing "ob satisfaction information is to communicate it to all managers so that they cancommunicate it to all managers so that they can understand it and prepare to use it. understand it and prepare to use it.Comparati!e ,ata1 Comparati!e ,ata1In larger organi+ations In larger organi+ations comparisons among departments are an efectivecomparisons among departments are an efective wat to encourage managers to sit up and takewat to encourage managers to sit up and take note of satisfaction data. note of satisfaction data.-sin* %ur!ey )n#ormation-sin* %ur!ey )n#ormationEmployee Comments1 Employee Comments1#mployee coments are #mployee coments are very useful and this information often makes avery useful and this information often makes a greater impression on management that scoresgreater impression on management that scores statistics and charts do. statistics and charts do.0eedback to Employees1 0eedback to Employees1,hen corrective ,hen corrective action is taken as the result of a survey details ofaction is taken as the result of a survey details of what was learned and what was done should bewhat was learned and what was done should be shared with employees as soons as possible. shared with employees as soons as possible.Chan*in* Employee AttitudesChan*in* Employee AttitudesIncludeing attitude shifts is not always easy toIncludeing attitude shifts is not always easy to but potential gains can make it worth while tobut potential gains can make it worth while to try.If management desires to change employeetry.If management desires to change employee attitudes in a more favorable direction there areattitudes in a more favorable direction there are many routes to pursue. many routes to pursue.ometimes its advisable to get employee toometimes its advisable to get employee to change their behavior first and let the desiredchange their behavior first and let the desired attitudes shift follow later. attitudes shift follow later.Thank You For ListeningThank You For Listening