Employment and Earnings February 1980 - FRASER · 2018. 11. 7. · Employment and Earnings Vol. 27 No. 2 February 1980 Editors: Gloria P. Green, Gloria P. Goings, Rosalie K. Epstein

Employment and EarningsFebruary 1980U. S. Department of LaborBureau of Labor Statistics

Vol.27 No. 2

In this issue:Revised seasonally adjustedlabor force series

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABORRay Marshall, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICSJanet L Norwood, Commissioner

Employment and Earnings is prepared by theDivision of Industry Employment Statisticsand the Division of Employment andUnemployment Analysis in collaboration withthe Division of Special Publications. The dataare collected by the Bureau of the Census(Department of Commerce), State EmploymentSecurity Agencies, and State Departments ofLabor in cooperation with the Bureau of LaborStatistics. A brief description of thecooperative statistical programs of the BLSwith these agencies is presented in the Ex-planatory Notes. The State agencies are listedon the inside back cover.

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Library of Congress Catalog Number 70-11379.

Employment and Earnings (Dept. of LaborPub.) (USPS 081-990)

Calendar of FeaturesIn addition to the monthly data appearingregularly in Employment and Earningsspecial features appear in most of theissues as shown below:

Household data

Annual averages

Revised seasonally adjusted series

Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusteddata, persons not in labor force, personsof Hispanic origin, Vietnam-Era veteransand nonveterans, poverty-nonpoverty areadata, family relationship data.

Establishment data

National annual averages:

Industry divisions (preliminary)

Industry detail (final)

Women employment detail (final)

National data adjusted to new benchmarks

Revised seasonally adjusted series

State and area annual averages

Area definitions

Jan.

Feb.

Jan., Apr.,July, Oct.

Jan.

Mar.

Mar.

Oct.1

Oct.2

May

May

1 The issue that introduces new benchmark varies. The October 1979 issue marksthe introduction of March 1978 benchmarks.

2 Revised data introduced October 1979.


Employment and EarningsVol. 27 No. 2 February 1980

Editors: Gloria P. Green, Gloria P. Goings, Rosalie K. Epstein

Contents

Page

List of statistical tables 2Employment and unemployment developments, January 1980 5Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1980 7Charts 9Statistical tables:

Not seasonally adjusted-Household data s 21Establishment data:

Employment 53Hours and earnings 85Labor turnover 116

State and area unemployment data 125

Seasonally adjusted-Household data 45Establishment data:

Employment 70Hours and earnings 106Productivity 108Labor turnover 121

Revised seasonally adjusted labor force series 130Explanatory notes ., 160


MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD DATAP*ge

Employment Status

A- 1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population. 16 years and over, 1947 to date . 21A- 2. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over

by sex, 1967 to date 22A- 3. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race 23A- 4. Labor force by sex, age, and race 25A- 5. Employment status of black workers by sex and age 27A- 6. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age 28A- 7. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16-21 years of age

by race and sex 29A- 8. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex, age, and race 30A- 9. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by family relationship 31

Characteristics of the Unemployed

A-10. Unemployed persons by marital status, sex, age, and race 31A-11. Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex 32A-12. Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex 32A-13. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race 33A-14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age 33A-15. Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, age, and race 34A-16. Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, and reason

for unemployment : 34A-17. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment 35A-18. Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, race, and marital status 35A-19. Unemployed persons by duration, occupation, and industry of last job 36

Characteristics of the Employed

A-20. Employed persons by sex and age 36A-21. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age 37A-22. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and race 38A-23. Employed persons by class of worker, age, and sex 39A-24. Employed persons by industry and occupation 39A-25. Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex 40A-26. Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work 40A-27. Persons at work 1-34 hours by usual status and reason for working less than 35 hours 41A-28. Nonagricultural workers-by industry and full- or part-time status 41A-29. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full- or part-time

status, sex, age, race, and marital status 42A-30. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full- or part-time status and sex 43

Characteristics of 14 and 15 year-olds

A-31. Employment status of 14-15 year-olds by sex and race 44

A-32. Employed 14-15 year-olds by sex, class of worker, and occupation -«. 44

Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data

A-33. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex and age,seasonally.adjusted 45

A-34. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force, seasonally adjusted 45A-35. Employment status by race, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted 45A-36. Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted 47A-37. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted 47A-38. Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted 43A-39. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted 43A-40. Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted 49A-41. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted 49A-42. Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted 50

Characteristics of Vietnam-Era Veterans and Nonveterans

A-43. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age 5 1


MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATAPage

Employment-National

B- 1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, 1920 to date 53B- 2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry . 54B- 3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry 63B- 4. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted 70Bi- 5. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted 71B- 6 . Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted 72

B- 7. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment increased 73

Employment-State and Area

B- 8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division 74

Hours and Earnings—National

C- 1. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private

nonagricultural payrolls, 1959 to date 85C- 2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private

nonagricultural payrolls, by industry : 86C- 3. Employment, hours, and indexes of earnings in the Executive Branch of the

Federal Government 102C- 4. Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing

payrolls, by industry 102C- 5. Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory

workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, in current and 1967 dollars « 103C- 6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers

on private nonagricultural payrolls 104C- 7. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private

nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division and major manufacturinggroup, seasonally adjusted 106

C- 8. | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on privatenonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group,seasonally adjusted - 107

C- 9- Hourly Earnings Index and average hourly and weekly earnings of production ornonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted 108

C-10. Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division 108C-11. Indexes of output and compensation per hour, unit costs, and prices, private business

sector, seasonally acfusted - 1 0 9

C-12. Percent changes from preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation,unit costs, and prices, private business sector, seasonally acfusted, at annual rate 1 1 0

Hours and Earnings—State and Area

C-13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by

State and selected areas 111

Labor Turnover-National

D- 1. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1969 to date 116D- 2. Labor turnover rates, by industry -. 117

D- 3. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1969 to date, seasonally adjusted 121

Labor Turnover—State and Area.

D- 4. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas 122

MONTHLY STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATAE- 1. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas 125


REVISED MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD DATA

Page

Revised Seasonally Adjusted Labor Force Series

Labor force—total; sex; sex and age; race, sex and age; full- or part-time status and sex 1 3 0

Civilian labor force participation rates—total; sex; sex and age; race, sex, and age . ^34

Employment—total; sex; sex and age; agricultural and nonagriculturai industries by sex and age; 16-21 yearsby sex and major activity; marital status; occupation; class of worker; at work on full- or part-timeschedules 138

Employment-population ratios—total; sex and age; race 143

Unemployment—total; sex; sex and age; 16-21 years by sex and major activity; race, sex, and age; maritalstatus; full- or part-time status and sex; reasons for unemployment; duration of unemployment;labor force time lost 144

Unemployment rates—total; sex; sex and age; 16-21 years by sex and major activity; race, sex, and age;marital status; full- or part-time status and sex; occupation; industry 151


Employment and UnemploymentDevelopments, January 1980

Unemployment rose in January, and there were con-trasting developments in employment. Due to a rise injoblessness among adult men, the Nation's unemploy-ment rate increased over the month from 5.9 to 6.2 per-cent, the highest rate since July 1978.

Total employment—as measured by the monthly sur-vey of households—showed little overall change inJanuary, although there were diverse movements amongadult men and women jobholders. Consistent with theirrise in unemployment, employment among adult menwas down markedly, while the number of adult womenholding jobs increased.

In contrast to total employment, nonfarm payrollemployment—as measured by the monthly survey ofestablishments—rose by about 300,000 in January to90.5 million.

UnemploymentThe number of persons unemployed increased

340,000 in January to 6.4 million. Most of this upturnoccurred among persons who were laid off or otherwiselost their last jobs. Over the past year, the joblesstotal has risen by 610,000. (See tables A-33 and A-39.)

With the increase in the level of unemployment, theNation's jobless rate rose three-tenths of a point to6.2 percent. The jobless rate had remained within thenarrow range of 5.7 to 5.9 percent over the prior 17-month period.

The January increase in unemployment was concen-trated among adult men; their rate rose from 4.2 to4.7 percent, the highest since November 1977. The in-crease was shared by both black and white men. In con-trast, the rates for adult women (5.8 percent) and teen-agers (16.3 percent) were about unchanged over themonth. Strong increases were also registered in thecyclically sensitive unemployment rates for marriedmen, full-time workers, blue-collar workers, andworkers in durable goods manufacturing. (See tableA-36.)

There was no change in the number of nonfarm work-ers on part-time work schedules for economic reasons(sometimes termed the "partially unemployed''),following large increases in the last quarter of 1979.(See table A-42.)

Total employment and the labor forceTotal employment was little changed in January, but

there were offsetting movements among adult men andwomen. There was a drop of 200,000 in the number ofmen with jobs, while employment among adult womenrose by 170,000. Employment also fell in the male-dominated blue-collar occupations. Employment wasup by 1.7 million from January 1979, the smallestoVer-the-year increase since January 1976. (See tablesA-33 and A-42.)

The civilian labor force grew by 230,000 from Decem-ber and was up 2.3 million from a year ago. Adultwomen accounted for the bulk of these increases. Theirlabor force participation rate reached a new high of51.4 percent, while that of men and teenagers edgeddown over the month.

Industry payroll employmentNonfarm payroll employment rose to 90.5 million in

January, up 305,000 from the December level. Contri-buting to this increase was a net reduction in strikeactivity of approximately 50,000.

The bulk of the January employment growth oc-curred in the service-producing industries. Gains wereregistered throughout the sector, with the most sizeableincreases in trade (130,000), services (55,000), andtransportation and public utilities (30,000).

Within the goods-producing sector, the constructionindustry posted an employment gain of 65,000. Overallemployment in manufacturing was about unchanged.There was a decline of nearly 60,000 in transportationequipment, due to job cutbacks in automobiles andparts, and smaller decreases in fabricated metal prod-ucts and food processing. These were about offset by areturn of striking workers in the machinery industry,coupled with small increases in several other industries,primarily in the nondurable goods sector. Employmentin mining remained near its December level.

Over the past year, payroll jobs have increased by2.0 million, with 85 percent of the gain occurring inthe service-producing sector. (See tables B-l and B-4.)

HoursThe average workweek of production or nonsuper-

visory workers on private nonagricultural payrollsremained at 35.7 hours in January, a level maintainedsince November. Movements were small and generallyoffsetting among the major industries. In manufactur-ing, average hours and overtime both edged up a tenth


of an hour to 40.4 and 3.3 hours, respectively. (Seetable C-7.)

The index of aggregate weekly hours remained at126.7 (1967 = 100) in January and has risen by only1.8 percent since January 1979. The manufacturing in-dex, however, has decreased by 2.2 percent over the pastyear. (See table C-8.)

Hourly and weekly earningsAverage hourly earnings of production or nonsuper-

visory workers on private nonagricultural payrollsrose 0.3 percent in January and were up 7.4 percent overthe year (seasonally adjusted). Average weekly earningsalso rose 0.3 percent from December and were 7.1 per-cent above the January 1979 level.

Before adjustment for seasonality, average hourlyearnings rose 3 cents in January to $6.41 and were 44cents above January 1979. Average weekly earningswere $224.99, down $4.69 from December but still up$14.85 over the year. (See tables C-l and C-9.)

The Hourly Earnings IndexThe Hourly Earnings Index—earnings adjusted for

overtime in manufacturing, seasonality, and the effectsof changes in the proportion of workers in high-wageand low-wage industries—was 239.8 (1967 = 100) inJanuary, 0.2 percent higher than in December. The In-dex was 7.7 percent above January a year ago. In dollarsof constant purchasing power, the Index decreased 4.5percent during the 12-month period ended in December.(See table C-9.)


Revisions in the Current Popula-tion Survey in January 1980

• Deborah Lorah

The household data on labor force status and charac-teristics of the population are compiled monthly fromthe Current Population Survey (CPS), which is con-ducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by theBureau of the Census. The CPS is a probability sampleof households and other living quarters designed toproduce data on the civilian noninstitutional popula-tion.1 Beginning in January 1980, the published house-hold data are derived from a sample which has beenexpanded by about 9,000 households in 32 States andthe District of Columbia to a total of 65,000 house-holds nationwide. The additional sample will improvethe reliability of State estimates and is not expected toproduce any changes in level for national estimates oflabor force characteristics. This article discusses themethods used to select samples for the CPS, comparesthe most recent expansion with the earlier samples, anddiscusses estimating procedures and the reliability of theestimates with the expanded sample.

Sampling methods

AC sample. Through December 1977, the publishedhousehold data were derived from a sample of 47,000households designed to produce national estimates (theAC sample). The national AC sample was selected intwo stages after the 1970 Decennial Census, usingcensus listings and counts.

The country was first divided into primary samplingunits (PSU's), which are typically counties or groups ofcounties. The PSU's were then grouped into strata.PSU's with large populations constituted strata bythemselves and were in the sample with certainty. Forstrata which contained more than one PSU, threesample PSU's were selected with probability propor-tionate to size to represent every two strata. Thesenational strata were created within the four census re-gions, but without regard to State lines.

In the second stage of sampling, clusters containingan expected four housing units were selected in such amanner that each housing unit in the United Stateswould have an equal probability of selection.

D sample. From January 1978 through December1979, the household survey was based on a largersample—56,000 households—designed to produce reli-able annual average estimates of unemployment foreach State. This expanded sample was created by addingapproximately 9,000 housing units (the D sample) in 24States and the District of Columbia to the national ACsample. The D sample was designed to maximize the useof the AC sample to produce State estimates. Stateswhich did not meet the reliability requirement (an ex-pected coefficient of variation of 10 percent on theannual average unemployment level, assuming a 6-percent unemployment rate) and which did not alreadyhave all their PSU's in the sample were restratifiedas follows: AC sample PSU's in a State are also in thesample for the State, and each of these PSU's representsthe portion of its national stratum in the State. Por-tions of national strata in a State which were suffi-ciently large were subdivided. PSU's from nationalstrata and subdivided national strata for which therewere no sample PSU's in the State were regrouped intostrata within the State. Then one PSU was selectedto represent each new "State-stratum" with probabilityproportionate to the PSU population.

Within each State requiring supplementation, sampleclusters of housing units were selected from the newsample PSU's and from the AC PSU's as needed, usingthe same procedures as for the national sample. Thetotal number of additional sample housing units select-ed for a State depended on the sample size re-quired to achieve the desired reliability and the numberof housing units already in the AC sample in the State.The procedures for collecting the data and the rotationpattern are the same in both samples. The additionalState samples were designed in such a manner that theexpected values of the sample estimates for the AC andD samples should be equal.

* Deborah Lorah is a mathematical statistician in the Statistical MethodsDivision, Current Population Survey Branch, Bureau of the Census, U.S.Department of Commerce.

1 A detailed description of the CPS appears in Current Population Survey:Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40 (Bureau of the Census, U.S.Department of Commerce, January 1978.)


B sample. For the latest expansion of the sample for thehousehold survey, the B sample, the requirementswere similar to those of the D sample: The combinedsamples should meet the reliability requirement (anexpected coefficient of variation of 10 percent on thequarterly average unemployment level, assuming anunemployment rate of 6 percent); the sample designand procedures should be compatible with the cor-responding features of the AC and D samples; andthe same rotation pattern should be used. Supplementa-tion occurred only in States not having a samplesize sufficient to meet the specified reliability.

Two methods were considered for increasing the re-liability for quarterly estimates. One sample size wascomputed assuming the existing stratification would bemaintained. If this sample size was less than the cur-rent size, the State already met the reliability require-ment. If not, a second sample size was computed assum-ing the State would be restratified in a manner similarto the D sample restratification. Comparing the twosample sizes for those States requiring supplementationled to a decision on which method should be used.Generally, if two or more interviewer workloads, 100 ormore households, could be saved by restratifying, thenthe State was restratified. Only 3 of the 33 States re-quiring supplementation were restratified. These newstrata, like the D sample strata, do not cross Stateboundaries. In States which had already been restrati-fied for the D sample, no attempted restratificationmade efficient use of the existing sample.

In the restratified States, one PSU was selected withprobability proportionate to size from each new stratumwhich did not already contain a sample PSU. Then ineach State, clusters of housing units were drawn fromeach sample PSU (including those chosen for the ACand D designs). The total number of additional samplehousing units selected for a State depended on thesample size required to achieve the desired reliabilityand the number of housing units already in sample inthe State. The procedure for collecting the data and therotation pattern were the same in all three samples. TheB sample was also designed so that the expected valueof the sample estimates would not be changed.

Differences in sample supplementation. Although ingeneral, the same procedures were used for both the Dand B expansions, the method of supplementation wasdifferent. In the D sample, every supplemented Statewas restratified, unless all the PSU's were already inthe sample. This meant that, in the D sample, the cur-rent and new sample PSU's could be considered as hav-

ing been drawn from the State strata. In the B sampleexpansion, only three of the supplemented States wererestratified; some of the supplemented States were neverrestratified for either the B or D samples. In the eightAC sample States supplemented but not restratified forthe B sample, no new PSU's were selected; the existingsample PSU's were drawn from the national stratawhich frequently cross State boundaries. Fifteen Stateswere never supplemented or restratified for either theD or B samples, so that their strata also cross Stateboundaries.

Estimation procedureThe CPS estimation procedure involves multiplying

the basic weights—the inverse of the probability ofselection for a housing unit—by factors which adjustfor household noninterview and for differences betweensample proportions and known population proportionsin certain age, sex, race, and residence categories. The"Estimating Methods" section in the ExplanatoryNotes describes these adjustments and their purposes.The estimation procedure for the combined ABCDsample in use beginning in January 1980 is the same asthe one used from January 1979 through December1979 for the combined ACD sample.

Data have been collected from the B sample sinceApril 1979. A comparison of several months data fromthe ACD and ABCD samples has revealed no patternsof bias or unexplained significant differences betweenthe samples.

Reliability of the estimatesBoth sampling and nonsampling errors are possible in

data from sample surveys (see the section in the Ex-planatory Notes on the reliability of the estimates forhousehold data). In both the ACD and B samples, theextent of the nonsampling error is unknown. However,it is expected that the nonsampling error for bothshould be about the same, since the same questionnaire,data collection and processing procedures, and rotationscheme are used.

The standard errors for household data presented inthe Explanatory Notes are primarily a measure of thesampling error for the AC sample. They do not reflectthe use of the additional units in either the D or Bsamples. The magnitude of the sampling error for thefull ABCD sample has not yet been measured; however,any reduction in the variance of national estimatesresulting from the increase in sample size is expectedto be negligible. Addition of the B sample was designedto improve reliability at the State level; it does notimprove the reliability of the national estimates.


CHARTS

Page

1. Labor force and employment 1961-80 9

2. Major unemployment indicators, 1961-80 10

3. Civilian labor force participation rates by sex and age, 1961-80 • 10

4. Total employment by sex and age, 1961-80 11

5. Employment-population ratios by sex and age, 1961-80 12

6. Payroll employment in goods-and service-producing industries, 1961-80 12

7. Nonagricultural payroll employment by industry, 1961-80 13

8. Persons at work full and part time in nonagricultural industries, 1961-80 14

9. Employment in nonfarm occupations, 1961-80 • 15

10. Unemployment rates by sex and age, 1961-80 16

11. Unemployment rates by race, 1961-80 16

12. Unemployment rates by major occupational groups, 1961-80 17

13. Duration of unemployment, 1961-80 18

14. Average weekly hours in nonagricultural industries, 1961-80 19

15. Average weekly earnings in nonagricultural industries, 1961-80 19

16. Total private gross and spendable weekly earnings, 1961-80 20

17. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1961-80 , 20

THOUSANDS11 nrvin

105000

100000

95000

90000

85000

80000

75000

70000

65000

60000

Chart 1. Labor force and employment(Seasonally adjusted)

cvilan labor

s

force

y

<

;>

Tc

/->

ftaler

X

npk>\mem

y

Total

yft

labor

Jonaj

force

•

PERCENT10.0

9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

Chart 2. Major unemployment indicators(Seasonally adjusted)

\\

Uner

wv

nptoy25

V

\ (

mentyears

K

rate.and<

k

\

both3ver

Unemployment rate, /all civiian workers^/;

sexes

A

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V

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19611962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980SOURCE: Tables A 36, A 38, and A 39.

PERCENT10.0

9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

Chart 3. Civilian labor force participation rates by sex and age(Seasonally adjusted)

90.0 i—i 1 1 1 1—i r—T 1 1 r—l 1 1 1 1 i r—T 190.0

80.0

70.0

60.0

50.0

40.0

30.0

Males, 20 years and over

Total, all workersI I

' V f Both sexes, 16-19 years

80.0

70.0

60.0

50.0

40.0

19611962 1963 1964 196S 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980

SOURCE: Table A 33.

30.0

1O


THOUSANDSftnnnn

57500

55000

52500

50000

47500

45000

42500

40000

37500

35000

32500

30000

27500

25000

22500

20000

17500

15000

12500

10000

7500

5000

2500

Chart 4. Total employment by sex and age(Seasonally adjusted)

THOUSANDS

/ ~ -

. /

y

/

*****

—>

-ama

• %

VlaK

v*

/̂oth a

3,20

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taxes

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57500

47500

40000

37500

325CX)

27500

17500

15000

12500

10000

7500

5000

19611962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1966 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1960

SOURCE: Table A 33.

11


PERCENT85.0

80.0

75.0

70.0

65.0

60.0

55.0

50.0

45.0

40.0

35.0

30.0

Chart 5. Employment—population ratios by sex and age(Seasonally adjusted)

Both sexes, 16-19 years \

if-

Total, all workers^

I I

Females, 20 years and over /

x i . . i Li.:

_iMales, 20 years and over

i i

19611962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1966 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980

SOURCE: Table A-33.

PERCENT85.0

80.0

75.0

70,0

65.0

60.0

55.0

50.0

45.0

40.0

35.0

30.0

Chart 6. Payroll employment in goods-and service-producing industries(Seasonally adjusted)

RATIO SCALE-THOUSANDS

90000

80000

70000

60000

50000

40000

30000

20000

To

— -

i i i

i

tal nonagrk

*

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.-.

xiltunil payroll employ

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udng

ment

i

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Servk;e-pro

• "

ducingindu sines

. ' 1

— • -

19611962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980

NOTE: Data for two most recent months are preliminary. SOURCE: Table B-4.


90000

80000

70000

60000

50000

40000

30000

20000

12


Chart 7. Nonagricultural payroll employment by industry(Seasonally adjusted)


25000

21000

17000

13000

9000

5000

V

^ —

1961

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Whole

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1962

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1963

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1967 1968

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1969

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1970

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1971 1972

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1973

N

\

1974

^ - ^ •

. . . • • • • "

, . — —

itatef

1975

-—~

-.——

mdlo

1976

• — •

calga

1977

i/emm

1978

J-.II' '

ant

1-

1979 1980


5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

Oxistn

/V "

Transportation and public utilities ^ ^

i "

iction

i

^ ^

•v**"*•

t nanot

AJ V—

Federal government^

5, insi

r~

irancc

—^s—

,and realestate

*

19611962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980


1000

900

800

700

600

Mining

1

A/

/V]/

19611962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980

NOTE: Data for two most recent months are preliminary. SOURCE: Table B-4.


21000

17000

13000

9000

5000


ctztm5500

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000


11 nn

1000

900

800

700

600

500

13


Chart 8. Persons at work full and part time in nonagricultural industries(Seasonally adjusted)

THOUSANDS Full-time schedules THOUSANDS

75500

73000

70500

68000

65500

63000

60500

58000

55500

53000

50500

48000

THOUSANDS1 nvmldUUU

12500

10000

7500

5000

2500

0

/

r^A.

/

J

/

/

;

V

19611962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980

Part-time schedules

We

r

V

rkers

J

torke

on v

rs on

V

Dlunti

part

irypt

time

rt-tlnr

forec

*

le scl

•r

:onon

ledul

lie re

If V

asoni

y

/ /

19611962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980

SOURCE: Table A 42,

73000

70500

63000

58000

53000

THOUSANDSfcnfvt

12500

10000

7500

5000

2500

0

14


Chart 9. Employment in nonfarm occupations(Seasonally adjusted)


2000Q

16000

12000

8000 ~

White-collar workers

4000


15000

12000

9000

6000

&nd administrators,6KC6Dt fUtll'l

19611962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1978 1977 1978 1979 I960

Blue-collar workers

3000


14000

13000

12000

11000

10000

9000

8000

7000

Craft and kindred workers

Nonfarm laborers

Operatives, except transport'

Transport equip

4000

RATIO SCALE-THOUSANDS15000

12000

9000

6000

19611962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980

Service workers

3000

ri ,hJ•r

lA"

A

1 1 1 1

RATIO SCALE-THOUSANDS14000

13000

12000

uooo

10000

9000

8000

19611962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980

NOTE: Two breaks in series occurred in 1971 stemming from the ̂ classification of occupationsintroduced in January and from a questionnaire change concerning "major activity" introduced inDecember. See "Changes in occupational classification system" in the Explanatory Notes. SOURCE: Table A-42

15


PERCENT22.5

20.0

17.5

15.0

12.5

10.0

7.5

5.0

2.5

0.0

Chart 10. Unemployment rates by sex and age(Seasonally adjusted)

Females, 20 years and over,\i

Sr-y

J20 years and over

V

19611962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980

SOURCE: Table A-36.

PERCENT22.5

20.0

17.5

15.0

12.5

10.0

7.5

5.0

2.5

0.0

PERCENT20.0

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0

RATIO3.00

2.50

2.00

Chart 11. Unemployment rates by race(Seasonally adjusted)

r V

*—-/

S

IBlac

Vhite

k anc

\^ -

iothc

19611962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980

Ratio of black to white unemployment rate

l a 5 0 111111111111111111111111111119611962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980

PERCENT20.0

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0

RATIO3.00

2.50

2.00

1,50

SOURCE: Table A 35.

16


Chart 12. Unemployment rates by major occupational groups(Seasonally adjusted)

PERCENT10.0

7.5

5.0

2.5

0.0

White-collar workers

\ Professional and technical workers

Managers and administratorsexcept farm

L_L , i . , , l , , , i , ,1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 196R 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980

12.5

10.0

7.5

5.0

2.5

0.0

PERCENT

10.0

7.5

5.0

2.5

0.0

M M I il o.O

PERCENT10.0

7.5

5.0

2.5

0.0

PERCENT20.0

17.5

15.0

12.5

10.0

7.5

5.0

2.5

19611962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 197C 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980

i it f •v'Vs

\

IN /•

Se

Service v\

3 andfa

~ !/orkers.

\ . J

(

M

!rm worf

V/A,

Farm

A

work

cers

ers

r

A

V

V v

A

Vv.k__

19611962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980

SOURCE: Table A-36.

PERCENT10.0

7.5

5.0

2.5

0.0

17


Chart 13. Duration of unemployment

(Seasonally adjusted)

Number of workers unemployed

200 Li19611962 1965 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1960

Percent of civilian labor force

200

2.5

0.0

WEEKS20.0

17.5

15.0

12.5

10.0

7.5

5.0

19611962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1966 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1960

Average duration of unemployment

0.0

WEEKS20.0

17.5

15.0

12.5

10.0

7.5

19611962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1960

SOURCE: Table A-37.

5.0

18


Chart 14. Average weekly hours in nonagricultural industries(Seasonally adjusted)

HOURS43.0

40.0

37.0

34.0

HOURS5.0

2.5

0.0

7

Tli8hrr

if-

ents1k—

M iinufa<

»•—

Vr

19611962 1963 1964 1965 1968 1967 1966 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1976 1979 I960

Overtime hours in manufacturing

~7

m l i H i m io.o

HOURS43.0

40.0

37.0

34.0

HOURS5.0

2.5

19611962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 19601 Annual averages prior to 1964.

NOTE: Data for two most recent months are preliminary. SOURCE: Table C-7.

Chart 15. Average weekly earnings in nonagricultural industries(Seasonally adjusted)

DOLLARS300.00

275.00

250.00

225.00

200.00

175.00

150.00

125.00

100.00

75.00

^̂r*****

Memufaciurinj

>

T(

/

nerfpri

y

/

DOLLARS300.00

275.00

250.00

225.00

200.00

175.00

150.00

125.00

100.00

75.00

19611962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1966 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 19601 Annual averages prior to 1964.

NOTE: Data for two most recent months are preliminary. SOURCE: Tables C-7 and C-9.

19


Chart 16. Total private gross and spendable weekly earnings(Seasonally adjusted}

DOLLARS250.00

225.00

200.00

175.00

150.00

125.00

100.00

75.00

Gross earnings in current dollars

Spendable earnings in 1967 dollars1

i T i i i n

i

7

DOLLARS250.00

225.00

200.00

175.00

150.00

125.00

100.00

75.00

19611962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980

SOURCE: Table C-9.Married worker with three dependents.

NOTE: Data prior to 1964 are annual averages. Data for current month are preliminary.

PER 100EMPLOYEES

n c

5.0

2.5

0.0

PER 100EMPLOYEES

4 n

•7 ft

2.0

1.0

0.0

Chart

A

^"" "»

ccessions

19611962 1963 1964 1965

A>

19611962 1963 1964 1965

17.

\

1966

r

1966

Labor

1967 1968

A

^ A

1967 1968

NOTE: Data for current month are preliminary.

turnover rates in manufacturing(Seasonally adjusted)

••*

J

Newhir

, , ,1969 1970 1971 1972 1973

/ ' A' /

luhs

V A * \

Layo

1969 1970 1971 1972 1973

\ )%

es -^

i i i1974

\ ;

I

\f

1974

A1975 1976 1977

iii•

1975 1976 1977

/\^y

i i i

1978 1979 1980

\A-/'

1978 1979 1960

SOURCE: Table D-3

PER 100EMPLOYEES

7 B:

5.0

2.5

0.0

PER 100EMPLOYEES

4 n

2.0

1.0

0.0

2 0


HOUSEHOLD DATA

HISTOmCAl

A-1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over,1947 to date(Numbers in thousands]

Year and month

Total

tutionalpopula-

tion

Total labor force

Percent

ofpopula-

tion

Civilian labor force

Employed

A«ri-cutture

Nonagri-culturalindus-tries

oflaborforce

Not inlaborforce

TOTAL

19471948194919501951

19521953 l

195419551956

1957195819591960 *1961

1962 J

196319641965...1966

19671968196919701971

1972 *1973 1

197419751976 ,

197719781

1979

1979:

January. .February.March. . . <A o r i l . • • .MayJuno.JulyAuquat•-.Sept.ev.noo IOctober . .November,December.

Annual averages

103 ,4181 J 4 , 5 2 7105 ,611106 ,o45107,721

103,32311J ,60 111 1,6 7 1112,732113, ',90 38 b , 929

88,99 191 ,04 093,24 094,79 396,917

99,53 4102,537104,996

5 8.959. 459.659. 960. 4

6 0.460.26 0.06 0.461.0

6 6. 660.460.260.260.2

59.759.659.65 9.760. 1

60.660.761.16 1 . 361.0

61.061.461.86 1 . 86 2.1

62. R63.764.2

59,3 5060,62161,2 8662,20862,017

62,13863,0156 3,£4365,02 366,552

66,92967,63968,36969,62870,459

70,6 1471,83373,09174,45575,770

77,34778,73780,73482,71584,113

86,54288,71491,01192,61394,773

97,401100,420102,908

57,03858,34357,o5158,91859,961

60,25061, 17960,1096 2, 17063,799

64,07163,03664,o3065,77865, 746

66,70267,76269,30571,08872,895

74,37275,92077,90278,62 779,120

81,70284,40935,9 3534,78387, 485

90,54694,37396, 945

7,8907,6297,6587,1606,726

t>,5006,2606,2056,4 506,283

5,9475,5865,5655,4585,200

4,9444,6874,5234,3613,979

3,8443,8173,6063,4623,387

3,4723,4523,4923,3 803,297

3,2443,3423,297

49, 14850,71449,99351,75853,235

53,74954,91953,90455,72257,514

58, 12357,45059,06560,31860,546

61,75963,07664,78266,72668,915

70,52772,10374,29675,16575,732

78,23080,95782,44 381,40384,188

87,30291,03193,648

2,3112,2763,6373,2882,055

1 ,8831,8343,5322,8522,750

2,8594,6023,7403,8524,714

3,9114,0703,7863,3662,875

2,9752,8172,8324,0884,993

4,8404,3 045,0767,8307,288

6,8556,0475,963

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted 2

3.93.85.95.33.3

3.02.95.54.44. 1

4.36.85.55*56.7

5.55.75.24.53.8

3.83.63.54.95.9

5.64.95.68.57.7

7.06.05.8

42,47742,44742,70842/78 742,604

43,09344,04144,67844,66044,402

45,33646,08846,96047,61748,312

49, 53950,58351,39452,05852,288

52,52753,29153,60254,28055,666

56,78557,22257,58758,65559, 130

59,02558,52158,623

1980:

January.•

162,448162,033162,90916 3,006163,260163,469163,685163,89116 4,106164,468164,632164,898

165,101

104,155104,473104,59 5104,280104,47 6104,552105,17 5105,218105,58610 5,688105,744106,088

106,310

64. 164. 264.2.64.064.064.0b4.364.264.36 4. 364.264.3

64.4

102,061102,379102,505102,198102,393102,476103,093103,128103,494103,5 95103,652103,999

104,229

96,15796,49696,62396,25496,49596,65297,18497,00497,50497,47497,60897,912

9 7,304 3,270

3,2603,3073,320J,2153,2463,2433,2673,3153,3643,2943,3853,3 59

9 2, 89 793,18993,30393,03993,2499 3,40 9.9 3,917.93,68994,14094,18094,22394,553

94,534

5,9045,8835,8825,9445,9035,8245,9096,1245,9906,1216,0446,087

6,425

5.85.75.75.85.85.75.75.95.85.95.85.9

6.2

58,29258, 16058,31458,72858,78458,91758,51158,67358,51958,78058,93758,810

58,791

1 Not strictly comparable with data for prior years. For an explanation, see "HistoricComparability" under the Housenold Data section of the Explanatory Notes.

2 Because seasonality. by definition, does not exisx in population figures, data for"total noninstitutional population" art; not seasonally adjusted.

21


HOUSEHOLD DATAHISTORICAL

A-2. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and ovec by sex, 1967 to date

[Numbers in thousands]

Yaar, month, and sax

MALES

196719681969. .197019711972a

19731

197419751976197719781

1979

1979:

January..February.March . . . .A p r i lH a y . . . . . .

JulyAuqustSeptemberOctober. .November.December.

1980:

January..

FEMALES

1967196819691970197119721

19731

197419751976 •197719781

1979

1979:

January. -Pebruary.March. . . •A p r i l . . . .May

Auqust.. •SeptemberOctober.•November.December.

1980:

January..

Totalnoninsti*tutionalpopula-tion

Total labor force

Number

Percentof

popula-tion


Total

Employed

TotalAgri-

culture

Nonagri-culturalindus-tries

Number

Percentof

laborforce

Not inlaborforce

Annual averages

64,31665,34566,J6S67,4096

HOUSEHOLD DATA

A-3. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race[Numbers in thousands)

Sex, age, and race

January 1980

Total labor force

Percentof

population


Employed

Unemployed

Not in labor force

Going

MALES

16 years and over16 to 21 years16 to 19 years

16 to 17 years .18 to 19 years

20 to 64 years20 to 24 years . .25 to 54 years . . .

25 to 29 years30 to 34 years35 to 39 years40 to 44 years45 to 49 years50 to 54 years

55 to 64 years . .55 to 59 years60 to 64 years

65 years and over . . .65 to 69 years . .70 years and over

White


16 to 17 years18 to 19 years

20 to 64 years20 to 24 years25 to 54 years

25 to 34 years . . .35 to 44 years .45 to 54 years . . .

55 to 64 years55 to 59 years . . .60 to 64 years . . .

65 years and over

Black and other

16 years and over . . . .16 to 21 years16 to 19 years


20 to 64 years20 to 24 years . .25 to 54 years . .


55 to 64 years . .55 to 59 years60 to 64 years

65 years and over . .

61,1168,2864,8551 ,8762,979

54,3 958,866

38,4368,6997,9816,4 195,3144,9895,034

7,0934,4062,687

1 ,8661,058

808

54,3437,3164,3341,6922,642

48,3217,694

34,12314,70610,4538,964

6,5044,0352,4691,6 87

6,774971521184337

6,0741,1724,3121 ,9751,2791 ,058

589372217179

77.365.357.745.36 9.8

89.385.99 4.394.396.295.794.992.789.3

72.082.059.9

19.127.813.6

78. 167.961.04 3.672.8

90.086.894.996.096.09 2 . 0

73.083.460.819.2

71.250.340.027.952.6

83.980.289.491.590.234.8

61.970. 151.613.3

59,1847,6394,5721,8582,714

52,7473,138

37,5138,3407,7326,2305,2284,9595,027

7,0924,4052,687

1 ,8661,058

808

52,8406,8314,1221,6772,445

47,0307,146

33,38114,22510,2248,932

6,5034,0342,4691,687

6,345809449180269

5,716991

4, 1361 ,8481,2341,054

58937 2217179

55,2516,3543,7491,4702,279

49,7127,122

35,7687,7707,3405,9605,0484,7894,86 0

6,8234,2632,559

1,7911,009

782

49,7005,8003,4541,3572,097

44,6176,362

31,98313,4589,8698,657

6,2723,9082,3641,629

5,552554295113182

5,095759

3,7851,6531, 140

992

55135519616 1

3,9331,286

823388435

3,0 351,0161,749

5703 92270180170168

269142127

754927

3,1401,031

669321348

2,413784

1,398767356275

23212610658

7932551546787

621232352195

9562

38162118

6.616.818.020.916.0

5.812.54.76.85.14,33.43-43*3

3-83-24.7

4.04.63.3

5.915.116.219.114.2

5. 111.04.25.43.53. 1

3.63.14.33.4

12. 531.634.437.532.3

10.923.48.5

10.57.75.9

6.44.49.89.9

17,9884,4123,5542,2641,290

6,5481,4562,330

478317286286394570

2,762964

1,798

7,8862,7535,133

15,2493,4542,7741 ,788

986

5,3861,1671,820

612433775

2,400805

1,5957,089

2,7399587804763 04

1,162289510182139189

362159203797

4652315312

2161693131212181621

1074462

23466168

3699533

1641267182325

853055199

961410

10

514

26781 1

2114735

4,4003,7083,1302,1261,003

1,2679283312 08

5628131312

963

321

3,4642,8952,4281,676

752

1,033762265217

3117

6513

936813702450252

2341666648108

311

1,72836191010

1,2334b

64945718389

146214

539271268

476177299

1,3613018

810

96735

49889

121289

434212222376

367611

26611

150275271

1055946

100

11,395644390126264

3,832466

1,259212177163165219323

2,108643

1, 465

7,1732,5084,665

10,055520323101221

3,223358991289258443

1,875558

1,3176,510

1,340125672443

6091082691007099

23384

149663

23


HOUSEHOLD DATA

A-3. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race—Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Sex, age, and race

January 1980

Total labor force

ofpopulation


Employed

Unemployed

Not in labor force

KeepingGoing

FEMALES




25 to 29 years30 to 34 years35 to 39 years40 to 44 years45 to 49 years50 to 54 years


65 years and over65 to 69 years70 years and over






65 years and over

Black and other






65 years and over

44,1536,9504,1701 ,6562,514

38,0017,010

27,1636,2105,4304 ,5813,8833,5533,4 57

4 ,6272,9111 ,716

1,1326974 35

30,22 36 , 1223,7151,5062,209

33 ,4 666,055

23,2759,8967,2706,109

4,1362,5911 ,5451,041

5,9308284 55150305

5,334956

3,8831 ,7941,194

901

491320171141

5 1 . 355.950.741.35 9.7

60.86 3.063.866.464. 46 5.065.462.657.5

42.049.333.6

8.514.75.3

51 . 158. 553.94 5.062.2

60.569.563.464.764.059.7

41.849. 133.6

8 .1

53.141.934.522.946.0

62.559.366. 969.56 7. 76 1.5

43.551.533.610.7

44,0046,8914 ,1441,6552,489

38,6786,937

27, 1136,1755,4704,5783,3323,5523,456

4,6272,9111 ,716

1,132697485

3 8,1106,0733,6961,5052,191

3 3,37 36,000

23,2379,8627,2676,108

4,1362,5911 ,5451,041

5,893813448149299

5,304938

3,3761 ,7821, 193

901

491320171

40,8935,9003,4531,3432,110

36,2956,232

25,6135,7425,1494#3073,7163,3713,327

4,4512,7901,661

1,14667547 1

35,7205,3223,1641,2451,920

31,5U55,496

22,0599,2996,9135,847

3,9892,4951,4951,011

5, 174579289

98190

4,751735

3,5541,5921, 11 1

851

461295166134

3, 1 10991691312380

2,382706

1,5004333 20271165181130

17612155

372314

2,391757532260271

1,829503

1,1795633 54261

147965130

72023415951

108

5542023221908350

292556

7. 114.416-718.815.3

6.210. 25.57.05.95.94.35. 13.8

3.84. 13.2

3. 13-22.9

6.312.414.417.312.4

5.58.45. 15.74.94.3

3.53.73.32.9

12.228.835.634.236.3

10.421.68.3

10.76.95.5

6.07.72*74.6

41,8445,4824,0472,3491 ,698

25,0673,299

15,3833, 1433,0332,4672,0572,1232,559

6,3862,9923,394

12,7294,0608,670

36,6074,3343,1831,8441 ,340

21,8652,655

13,4635,3893,9554,119

5,7482,6913,056

11,559

5,2371,148

864506358

3,202644

1,920788569563

638301337

1,171

31,6051,311606149458

21,3582, 068

13,8962,7762,8082,2561,8621,9282,266

5,3942,5822,812

9,6413,3026,339

28,2971,044482114368

18,9401,68912,3054,9443,6363,724

4,9472,3672,5808,875

3,3082671243490

2,418379

1,591640482470

447215232766

4,2593,6123,0732,103

971

1,1778173491406462432614

1183

936

3,3152,8282,3951,652

744

9116272741538833

9739

9447846784512 27

2661907551177

11

1,14920927

54927

2682219214059102

254145109

591110481

87812633

395221973147

119

17510669

477

27283

1555

71111941

793940113

4,83053 935896

262

1,983387868206141122112110178

727258470

2,489645

1,844

4,11645030074

226

1,61931768626018324 3

616212404

2,198

71489582237

36470183875045

1114665

291

24


HOUSEHOLD DATA

A-4. Labor force by sex, age, and race

Sex, age, and race

MALES

16 years and over . . . .16 to 19 years . . . .


20 to 24 years25 to 54 years . . .


55 to 64 years .55 to 59 years60 to 64 years

65 years and over

White

16 years and over16 to 19 years





65 years and over

Black and other



20 to 24 years25 to 54 years . . .

25 to 34 years .35 to 44 years45 to 54 years


65 years and over

Total labor force

Thousands of persons

Jan.1979

60,4674,9741,9313,042

8,75637,68716,0961 1,43910,151

7,1604,4032,7571,890

53,8414,4401,7672,673

7,6243 3,53614,2 3710,200

9,099

6,5364,0092, 5271,705

6,626533164369

1, 1324,1511,8591,2401,052

62439423 0186

Jan.1980

6 1 , 1164,8551, 8762,979

6,8663e,43616,68111,73310,023

7,0934,4 062,6871,866

54,3434,3341, 6922,642

7,69434,12314,70610,4538,964

6,5044,0352,4691,687

6,774521184337

1, 1724,3121, 9751,2791 ,058

509372217179

Participation rates

Jan,1979

77.758.846.071.5

85.894.395.295.791.7

73.682.562.819.9

78.562.049.973.8

86.895.095.896.492.5

74.383.463.419.9

71.741.425.058.6

79.789.190.690.185.3

67.174.956.919.6

Jan.1980

77.357.745.369.8

85.994.395.595.491.2

72.082.059.919. 1

78. 161.048.672.8

86.894.996.096.092.0

73.083.460.819.2

7 1 . 240. 027.952.6

80.239.491.590.284.8

61.970. 151. 618.3



Jan.1979

58,5 054,6711,9122,759

8,01936,76515,49011,16110,114

7,1584,4022,7571,890

52,2774,2061,7512,455

7#05232,77813,7479,9669,066

6,5354,0082,5271,705

6,228465161304

9673,9871,7431,1951,048

624394230186

Jan.1980

59,1844,5721,8582,714

8, 13837,51816,07211,4599,986

7,0924,4052,6871,866

52,8404,1221#6772,445

7,14633,38114,22510,2248,932

6,5034,0342,4691,687

6,345449180269

9914, 1361,8481,2341,054

589372217179

Participation rates

Jan.197 9

77. 157.345.769.5

84.794.295.095.691.6

73.682.562.819.9

78.060.749.672.1

85.994.995.796.392.4

74.383.463.419.9

70.438.224.653.8

77.188.790.089.885.3

67.174.956.919.6

Jan.1980

76.756.345. 167.8

84.894.295.395.291.2

72.082.059.919.1

77,659.843.471.3

86.094.895.995.992.0

73.083.460.819.2

69.836.627.547.0

77.489.091.089.984.8

61.970. 151.618.3

2 5


HOUSEHOLD DATA

A-4. Labor force by sex, age, and race—Continued

Scx.ags.and race

Total labor force

Thousands of parsons

Jan.1979

Jan.1960

Participation rates

Jan,1979

Jan.1980



Jan.1979

Jan.1980

Participation rates

Jan.1979

Jan.1980

FEMALES






65 years and over

White




25 to 34 years . . .35 to 44 years45 to 54 years

55 to 64 years . . . .

55 to 59 years . .60 to 64 years

65 years and over . . . .

Black and other




25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years .


65 years and over

42,4944,2271,6882,539

6,88925,66410,925

7,8256,914

4,5732,3541,7191,141

3 6,8153,7701,5092,261

5,96121,976

9,2556,6716,050

4, 1032,5611,5411,006

5,679457179278

9283, 6881,6701,154

864

47129J178135

44,1534,1701,6562,514

7,01027, 16311,6908,4647,010

4,6272,9111, 7161,182

38,2233,7151,5062, 209

6,05523,275

9,8967,2706, 109

4, 1362,5911,5451,041

5,930455150305

9563,8881,7941, 194

901

491320171141

50.251.141.560.4

67.661.563.262.058.5

42.148.734.48.4

49.954.244.263.7

69.160.962.461.258.3

42.048.834.18.2

52.334.827.342.3

59.565.767.867.759.8

42.9,47.836.610.6

51.350.741.359.7

68.063.865.465.260.0

42.049. 333.68.5

51. 1b3.945.062.2

69.563.464.764.859.7

41.849. 133.68.3

53. 134.522.946.0

59.86b. 969.567.761.5

43.551.533.610.7

42,3624,2041,6872,517

6,82225,62210,8877,8216,913

4,5732,8541,7191,141

36,7123,7521,5082,244

5,90821,9439,2266,6686,049

4,1032,5611,5411,006

5,651452179273

9143,6791,6611,154

864

471293178135

44,0044,1441,6552,489

6,93727,11311,6458,4607,009

4,6272,9111,7161,182

38,1103,6961,5052,191

6,00023,2379,8627,2676,108

4,1362,5911,5451,041

5,89 3448149299

9383,8761,7821,193

901

491320171141

50.151.041.560.2

67.461.563.162.058.5

42.148.734.4

8.4

49.854.144.263.6

68.960.862.461.158.3

42.048.834.18.2

52.234.627.341.9

59. 165.667.767.659.8

42.947.836.610.6

51.350.641.359.5

67.863.865.365.260.0

42.049.333.68.5

51.053*744.962. 1

69.363.364.764.859.7

41.849.133.6

8.3

52.934.122.845.5

59.366.969.367.761.5

4*3.551.533.610.7

26


HOUSEHOLD DATA

A 5. Employment status of black workers by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands]

Sexandaga

January 1980

Civilian labor fore*

Employed

Agri-Nonagri-cultural

Unemployed

Number

Percentof

TOTAL


16 to 17 years . .18 to 19 years . . ,


25 to 34 years . .35 to 44 years . .45 to 54 years . . .

55 to 64 years55 to 59 years . .60 to 64 years . .

65 years and over . .

Males


16 to 17 years . .18 to 19 years . . ,


25 to 34 years . . .35 to 44 years . . .45 to 54 years . . .


65 years and over . . ,

Females


16 to 17 years . . .18to 19years . . .


25 to 34 years . . .35 to 44 years . . .45 to 54 years . . .


65 years and over . . .

10,-139758269488

1,64 76,7213,0282, 0521# 640

935594340279

5, 34 7379147231

8523, 4651,5281,046

890

50 2316185149

4,992379122257

7953,2561,5001,006

750

433278155130

3,938469168302

1,2516,1322,6941,8941,545

876560316260

4,623236

90147

6373, 1481,355

959835

467301166135

4,365233

78155

6 1 42,9841,339

935710

409259150125

2171147

30141

42534b

1798

13

19010

46

25Ui354741

169b

17

271

51876

8,7714581642 95

1,2215,9912,6521,8411 ,499

8585513 08242

4 ,433226

86141

6123,0251 ,320

911795

4502911601 18

4,3382 32

78154

6092,9661,332

9 307 04

408260148124

1,351288102187

3965883 3515895

59352419

724142

5885

215317174

8855

36162013

6 27146

44102

181271161

7040

2319

46

13- 138.137.738.2

24.0

7.75.8

6.35.87. 17.0

13.537.539.536.8

25.29,1

1 1.43.46.2

7.25.1

10.88.7

12.638.536.139.7

22.78.3

10.77.05.4

5.46.82.94.6

6,9011 ,461

883578

8052,021

771600651

89 241 1481

1,721

2,37863842826 0

23744 1151121170

33 0148182682

4,523773455318

56 81 ,580

62 0479481

56 226 3299

1,039

NOTE: According to the 1970 Census, black workers comprised about 89 percent of the"black and other" population group.

2 7


HOUSEHOLD DATA

A-6. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and race

Jan.1979

Jan.1980


Jan.1979

Jan.1980

Females, 20 years and over

Jan.1979

Jan.1980

Both sexes, 16-19 years

Jan.1979

Jan.1980

TOTAL

Total noninstitutional populationTotal labor force

Percent of populationCivilian labor force

EmployedAgricultureNonagricultural industries . . . .

UnemployedPercent of labor force

Not in labor force

White





Not in labor force

Black and other





Not in labor force

162,448102,961

63.4100,86794,436

2,76291,6736,431

6.459,4 87

142,35190 ,656

63.788,98883,950

2,49881,452

5,0385.7

51,695

20,09712,305

61.211,87910> 4 86

26410,222

1,39311.7

7,792

165,101105,269

63.8103,18696,145

2,78293,3 637,043

6.359,832

144,4219 2 , 5 6 5

64. 190,95035,4202,515

82,9 055,530

6. 151,856

20,68012,704

61.412,2 3810,725

26710,458

1,51312.4

7,976

69,38555,493

80.05 3,83351,2272,084

49,1432,607

4.313,892

61,42849,401

80.448,07145,989

1,86844,121

2,0824.3

12,028

7,9576,093

76.65,7635,238

2 165,022

5259. 1

1 ,864

70,69556,261

79.654,6 1351 ,503

2,16049,3433,1 10

5.714,434

62,48350,008

80.048,7 1746,246

1,9 3944,3082,471

5.112,4 75

8,2126,2 53

76. 15,8955,2 56

2215,035

63910.8

1,9 59

76,33738,267

50.138,15835,849

45135,3982,309

6.138,070

66,79733,045

49.532,95931,215

41530,8001,744

5.333 , 752

9,5405,222

54.75,1984,634

364#598

56410.9

4,318

77,77939,9 83

51.439,86037,441

40737,0342,419

6.137,796

67,93134,507

50.834,41432,556

37432,1821,859

5.433,12*

9,8485,475

55.65,4454,885

334,852

56010.3

4,373

16,7259,20155.0

8,8757,360

2287, 1321,51517.1

7,525

14,1268,21058.1

7,9586,746

2156,5311,21215.2

5,915

2,600990

38.19176 14

12601304

33.11,6 09

16,6279,02654.3

8,7157,201

2156,9861,51417.4

7,601

14,0078,050

57.57,8186,618

2 026,4 161,20015.4

5,957

2,6209 76

37.3897584

13570314

35.01,644

2 8


HOUSEHOLD DATA

A-7. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16-21 years of age by race and sex(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status

January 1980

Bothsexes

Bothsexes

Black and other

Bothsexes

TOTAL


Percent of population

Civilian labor forceEmployed

AgricultureNonagricultural industries

UnemployedLooking for full-time workLooking for part-time workPercent of labor force

Not in labor force

Major activity: going to school


AgricultureNonagricultural industries


Not in labor force

Major activity: other


AgricultureNonagriculatural industries


Not in labor force

25,13015,2 36

60.6

14,53012,254

3 531 1,901

2,2761,359

91715.7

9,894

3,9903,251

1013,150

73956

6 8418.5

7,320

10,5409,003

2 528,7511 ,5371,304

23314.6

2,574

12,6988,286

65.3

7,6396,354

2946,0601,286

799487

16.84,412

2,1331,720

861,634

41234

37919.3

3,708

5,5074,633

2084,425

873765108

15.9704

12,4326,950

55.9

6,8915,900

595,841

991560430

14.45,482

1,8581,531

151,516

32722

30517.6

3,612

5,0334,370

444,326

664538125

13.21,870

21,22613,438

63.3

12,90911,122

32510,796

1,7871 ,028

75913.8

7,788

3,6052,998

1002 ,8 96

6 0733

57516.8

5,722

9,3048, 124

2267,8931,180

995185

12.72 ,066

10,7697,31667.9

6,8315,800

2715,5291,031

617413

15.13,4 54

1,9471,604

851,520

34217

32617.6

2,895

4,8844,196

1864,009

688601

8814.1559

10,4566, 122

58.5

6,0785,322

545,267

757410346

12.4

4,334

1,6591,393

151,378

26516

24916.0

2,828

4,4203,928

403,889

491394

9711.1

1,507

3,9051,798

46. 1

1,6221,132

281,105

489331158

30.22,106

3 85253

12 5213223

10934.3

1,598

1,236879

26853357309

4928.9509

1,929971

50.3

809554

2353125518174

31-6958

186116

1115701753

37.8813

623438

2241618516421

29.7145

1,976828

41.9

813579

557423415084

28.81, 148

199137

137626

5631.0

784

614441

543717214428

28.1364

2 9


HOUSEHOLD DATA

A-8. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex, age. and race[Numbers in thousands]

Rao*, sax, and age

TOTAL

Both sexes, 16 years and over..



20 years and over20 to 24 years25 years and over

25 to 54 years

Females. 16 years and over.

16 to 21 years16 to 19 years20 years and over

20 to 24 years25 years and over


Females, 16 years and over16 to 21 years16 to 19 years20 years and over



Black and other

Males, 16 years and over16 to 21 years16 to 19 years20 years and over



Females, 16 years and over ,16 to 21 years16 to 19 years20 years and over


25 to 54 years55 years and over . . . ,

January 1980

55 years and over 1 1 , 8 6 3

87,0358,7254 ,043

5473,496

82,99212,9iy70,07358,211

Males, 16 years and over .16 to 21 years16 to 19 years"20 years and over







53,9004,7862,209

51 ,6917,263

44,42836,7047,724

33,1353,9391,834

31 ,3015,656

25,64521 ,507

4,139

48,0764,2291 ,973

46, 1046,358

39,74632,6827,064

2fi,2223,4161 ,607

26,6144,8 50

21,76418,0623,701

5,824557236

5,587905

4,6824,022

660

4,914524227

4,687805

3,8823,444

437

Full-tirm labor force

78,0076,6052,870

3112,560

75,13710,73864,39853,45210,946

49,0393,6561,630

47,4086,024

41,38434,1647,221

28,9682,9481,240

27,7284,714

23,01419,2883,726

44,1133,3141,493

42,6145,384

37,23030,5956,636

24,9592,6111,125

23,3344, 126

19,70816,3283,3 80

4,926342132

4,794640

4,1543,569585

4,009337115

3,894580

3#3072,960

346

time for

3,54776242386

3373,124

7012,4221,917

505

1,599331171

1,428331

1,097857240

1,947431251

1,696371

1,3261,061

265

1,387297153

1,23428894 5738207

1,616394231

1,385323

1,062864198

2123418

19442

15211833

3313620

31148

26319667

(lookinfl forfull-time work)

5,4821 ,359

750151599

4,7J21,4793,2522,842

410

3,262799407

2,854908

1,9461,684262

2,220560343

1,877571

1,3061,158

148

2,576617321

2,255685

1,5701,349222

1,646410251

1,395401994870124

68518186

59922337633540

57315092

482170312287

24

fulMtmelabor force

6.315.618.627.617.15.7

11.54.64.93.5

6.116.718.45.5

12.54.44.63.4

6.714.218.76.0

10.15.15.43.6

5.414.616.34.9

10.84.04.13.1

5.812.015.65.28.34.64.83.4

11.832.536.610.724.6

8.08.36.1

11.728.740.510.321.1

8.08.35.5

16,1535,8054,6722,9651,708

11,4802,1569,3246,4202,904

5,2842,8532,3622,922

8752,048

8141,234

10,8682,9522,3108,5581,2827,2775,60 71,670

4,7632,6022,1492,614

7881,826

7001,126

9,8882,6622,0897,8001,1496,6515,1751,476

52125121330887

222114108

980289221759133626432194

part time'

14,5914,8883,9082,4161,492

10,6831,9148,7696,0122,757

4,6132,3661,9472,666

7671,900

7481,152

9,9782,5211,9618,0171,1476,8695,2641,605

4,2002,1891,8022,398

6891,708

6501,058

9,1442,3161,8087,3371,0476,2894,8661,423

41317814526877

1919894

834205154680100580398182

(looking forpart-time work)

1,5619177645492157972425564 09147

6714874162561081476582

8904 3034854213540634364

56341334821699

1175068

74434628146310236230953

1087468409

301514

14684687933463412

9.715.816.418.512.66.9

11.26.06.45.1

12.717.117.68.7

12.37.28.06.6

8.214.615.16.3

10. 55.66.13.8

11.815.916.28.3

12.56.47.16.0

7.513.013.45.98.95.46.03.6

20.729.431.912.910.813.513.213.0

14.929.030.610.424.6

7.37,96.2

Employefull- and part-time employed categories.

s with a job but not at work are distributed proportionately among the

3 0


HOUSEHOLD DATA

A-9. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by family relationship

(Numbers in thousands]

Family relationship

Total, 16 years and over . . .

Husbands'With employed wifeWith unemployed wife . . .With wife not in labor force

WivesWith employed husbandWith unemployed husbandWith husband not in labor force

Relatives in husband-wife families16-19 years20-24 years . .

Women who head familiesRelatives in female-headed families

16-19 years20-24 years25 years and over

Persons not living in families2

January 1980


Total

103,188

40,88621,0061,202

16,928

24,19221,273

9361,983

13,5196,0734,7902,656

5,1894,2481,3671,2841,597

15,154

Percentof

population

63.3

80.991.793.370.2

50.156.660.221.6

59.253.173.254.7

59,655.047.170.753.0

60.9

Employed

96,145

39,20920,2401,033

16,310

22,90320,240

7661,896

11,7555,1454,2442,366

4,7223,4321,011

9921,429

14,124

Unemployed

Number

7,043

1,677766170618

1,2891,033

17087

1,764928546290

467816356292168

1,030

oflaborforce

6.8

4.13.8

14.13.7

5.34.9

18.24.4

13.015.311.410.9

9.019.226,022.710.5

6.8

Not in labor force

Total

59,832

9,6771,896

877,181

24,10916,309

6187,181

9,3225,3711.7552,196

3,5123,4821,533

5311,418

9,730

Keepinghouse

32,070

20053

114

21,922

15,298582

6,043

1,263138182943

2,752822

95122605

5,111

Goingto

school

8,659

19698

572

269

2351123

5,9024,7021,111

89

106

1,5771,260

25463

609

Unableto

work

2,878

1,125

38720

650

305

1108

186

388

2240

326

163

2797

18254

618

Otherreasons

16,225

8,155

1,36063

6,345

1,613

66618

929

1,769

509422838

492

804171137496

3,392

1 Includes a small number of single, separated, widowed, or divorced men who head 2 Individuals living alone or with unrelated persons plus a small number of persons in

families secondary families.

A-10. Unemployed persons by marital status, sex, age, and race

Marital status, sex. age. and race

Total. 16 years and over

Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

White, 16 years and over . . . .

Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or scpsrstedSingle (never married)

Black and other, 16 years and over . .


Total, 20 to 64 years of age


White, 20 to 64 years of age


Hack and other, 20 to 64 years of age

Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or

Thousands of

Jan.1979

3,447

1,291341

1,815

2,758

1,079252

1,428

689

21289

388

2,535

1,233320981

2#024

1,034234756

511

19987

224

Jan.1980

3,933

1,656392

1,884

3,140

1,427258

1,455

793

230134430

3,035

1,572371

1,092

2,413

1,355242817

621

217129274

Unemployment

Jan.1979

5.9

3.27.4

13. 1

5.3

3.06.8

11.8

11. 1

6.010.021.4

4.9

3.27.4

10.5

4.4

3.06.79.5

9.2

5.910.216.7

Jan.1980

6.6

4. 18.3

13.0

5.9

3.96.7

11.6

12.5

6.415.423.1

5.8

4.18.3

10*9

5.1

3.96.79.5

10.9

6.315.319.3

Jan.1979

2,984

1,359516

1,109

2,280

1,147358775

704

212158334

2,265

1,270471523

1,704

1,065318322

560

205154201

Jan.1980

3,110

1,364597

1,149

2,391

1,168440783

720

197157366

2,382

1,259571553

1,829

1,074416339

554

184154215

Jan.1979

7.0

5.76.5

10.4

6.2

5.45.68.6

12.5

8.810.120.0

6.1

5.56.57.6

5.3

5.25.55.7

11.1

8.710.51S.2

Jan.1980

7.1

5.67.1

10.3

6.3

5.36.58.3

12.2

7.69.7

21.6

6.2

5.37.47.6

5.5

5.16.75.7

10.4

7.410.116.8

31


HOUSEHOLD DATAA-11. Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex

Occupation


Jan.1979

Jan.1980

Unemployment rates

Jan.1979

Jan.1980

Jan.1979

Jan.1980

Females

Jan.1979

Jan.1980

Total, 16 years and overWhite-collar workers

Professional and technicalManagers and administrators, except farmSales workersClerical workers

Blue-collar workersCraft and kindred workers

Carpenters and other construction craftAll other

Operatives, except transportTransport equipment operativesNonfarm laborers

Construction laborersAll other

Service workersPrivate householdAll other

Farm workersNo previous work experience


6,4311,787

379242269878

2,713768414354

1,0652416 39233406

1,15560

1,09588

68850311373

7,0431,861

345236346934

3,340853477376

1,341331814283531

1,03844

99412867646612981

6.43.62.52.34.74.88.05.810.53.89.0b.3

13.023.210.38.45.48.73.6

6.83.62.22.25.24.99.86.411.64. 111.38.5

16.228.313.27.54.37.85.4

5.92.51.91.93.44. 17.55.7

10.43.57.66.313.323.510.38.4

(D8.42.8

6.62.41.91.83.93.19.36.611.84.29.89.016.628.213.47.7

d)7.74.5

7.04.53.23.46.25.010.37.9O)7.111.05.910.3(1)10.58.45.28.88.0

7.14.62.53.26.75.411.63.0(1)2.813.43.713.2(1)12.37.54.37.910.4

1 Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.

A-12. Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex

IndustryPercent distribution

Jan.1979

Jan.1980

Unemployment rates

Jan.19 79

Jan.1980

Jan.1979

Jan.1980

Jan.1979

Jan.1980

Total, 16 years and overNonagricultural private wage and salary workers . .

MiningConstructionManufacturing

Durable goodsLumber and wood productsFurniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary meta! industriesFabricated metal productsMachinery, except electrical equipment .Electrical equipmentTransportation equipment

AutomobilesOther transportation equipment . . . .

Instruments and related productsOther durable goods industries

Nondurable goodsFood and kindred productsTextile mill productsApparel and other textile productsPaper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsRubber and plastics products

Other nondurable goods industriesTransportation and public utilities .

Railroads and railway expressOther transportationCommunication and other public utilities . .

Wholesale and retail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estateService industries

Professional servicesAll other service industries

Agricultural wage and salary workersAil other dasws of workersNo previous work experience

100.076.0

.611.720. 110.6

. 9

.6

. 8. 8

1.51.01.81.81.2

. 6

. 31.29 . 52-41.12.0

.81. 1.8.8.5

3.4.2

2.4.8

21.62.9

15. 76.59.21.9

11.310.7

100.077.5

. 911.824.815.0

1.3.6

1.01.41.81.51.84. 13.4.7.4

1.09.92.6

.82.4

.61.2.8.9.5

4. 1.3

2.9.9

20.22.4

13.35.28.02.6

10.49.6

6.46.64. 6

15.75.75.07.66. 46.84. 16.42.35, 14.85.43.93.5

1-0-16.88.27. 79. 27.34.34.26.55.34.12.66.02.37.53.46.14.38.7

10.03.0

6.87.26O6

16-57.57.5

14.17.78.37.67.73.85. 1

12.618.65. 14.49.37.59.56.7

11.96. 15.34.38. 16.25.23.67.72.77.53.15.53.68.4

13.62.9

5.96.25.2

16.34.54-57.77.96.33.96.02.23.54.54.94.02.18. 14.55.76.12.94.44.73.93.92.23.82.95.61.56.33.15.83. a8.18.72.5

6.67.27.1

17.36.47.0

13.79.37.77. 16.43.43.5

12.117.65.31.97.45.37.23. 17.45.74.13.27.05.25.03.57.91.36.42.45.93.28.6

12.62.6

7.07. 1

.77.08.36.67.23.68.45.68.02.67.25.98.03.25.6

12.89.9

13.79.6

10.715.75.15.1

10.89.25.0

(D7.33.88.83-76.24.79.2

14.93.5

7.17.13.17.19.89.0

16-44.0

10-511.712.35.07.0

14.923.14.57.4

12.110.614.110.312.97-57.37.1

10.07.65.7

(D6.65.08.73.55.33.88.3

17.93.4

1 Percent not shown where bate »s less than 75 000

32
