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EMR’14CoïmbraJune 2014

Summer School EMR’14“Energetic Macroscopic Representation”

««EMR and inversionEMR and inversion--based control of an Hybrid ESS based control of an Hybrid ESS for Electric Vehiclefor Electric Vehicle»»

Ali CASTAINGS1,2,3, Dr. Walter LHOMME1,3, Prof. Alain BOUSCAYROL1,3, Dr. Rochdi TRIGUI2,3

1L2EP, Université Lille1, France,2 LTE-IFSTTAR, France

3MEGEVH

EMR’14, Coimbra, June 20142

««EMR and inversionEMR and inversion--based control of an Hybrid ESS for Electric Vehiclebased control of an Hybrid ESS for Electric Vehicle»»

- Outline -

1. Description of the studied system

2. Control schemes of the HESS architecture

3. Simulation

4. Conclusion



««DDESCRIPTION OF THE ESCRIPTION OF THE SSTUDIEDTUDIED SSYSTEMYSTEM»»



- The studied system -

Energy Storage Subsystem Traction subsystem

Batt

it

Power trainub Batt

SCs

ib

ih

iL

uSCs uhSCs



- Modeling-



- EMR of the studied system -

IM + inverter

Battery

SCs

Env.

Trans. Chassis

Conv.Ind.

Electric coupling Wheels

ub

ib

ubuhiL

uSCs iL

ih

Temub TTr Fwh vveh

vveh FenvwhTrit

α

Tem_ref

Energy storage subsystem Traction subsystem

The Traction subsystem as a current source

Tract.

TTr_ref Fwh_ref

vveh

strategy driver request

uSCs



««Control schemes of the HESS Control schemes of the HESS architecturearchitecture»»



- The issue -

Control objective: To share the power flow between the batttery and the SCs

Controlled variable: The battery current ib

Traction subsystem

Battery

SCs

Conv.Ind.

Energy storage subsystem

ub

ib

ubuhiL

uSCs iL

ih

ub

it

α

Tract.

??How to define α?



- Classical model-based control schemes -

it

Power trainub Batt

ib

ih

iL

uSC

s

uhSCs



- Classical model-based control schemes -

Traction subsystem

Battery

SCs

Conv.

Ind.

Energy storage subsystemub

ib

ubuhiL

uSCs iL

ih

ub

it

α

Tract.

StrategyiL_ref

uh_ref

Traction subsystem

Battery

SCs

Conv.

Ind.


ib

ubuhiL

uSCs iL

ih

ub

it

α

Tract.

ib_ref αref

ub_meas

C(s)

it_meas

uSC_meas

+

-

-

+-

ih_ref iL_ref

iL_meas

uh_ref

+



- Inversion-based control scheme from EMR -

Control scheme directly deduced from the EMR

Traction subsystem

Battery

SCs

Conv.

Ind.


ib

ubuhiL

uSCs iL

ih

ub

it

α

Tract.

ib_ref

Strategyih_refiL_ref

uh_ref

1. Defining the tuning path

2. Inverting the elements along the tuning path



- Comparison -

From the EMR

Traction subsystem

Battery

SCs

Conv.

Ind.


ib

ubuhiL

uSCs iL

ih

ub

it

α

Tract.

ib_ref

Strat.ih_refiL_ref

uh_ref

Traction subsystem

Battery

SCs

Conv.

Ind.


ib

ubuhiL

uSCs iL

ih

ub

it

α

Tract.

StrategyiL_ref

uh_ref

Classical way



«« Simulation Simulation »»



- Simulation setup -

+

-

iL_ref

iL_meas

sKi

+

-

PK

Battery Nominal voltage : 80 V

Induction Machine Nominal power : 15 kW

Vehicle Net mass : 542 kg

Smoothing inductor RL= =50 mΩ, L=1 mH

0 200 400 6000

20

40

60

(km

/h)

(s)

Velocity



- Results -

0 100 200 300 400 500 600-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

(p.u

)

(s)

Inductor current from the EMR

ValueReference

Classical wayFrom the EMR

0 100 200 300 400 500 600-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

(p.u

)

(s)

Inductor current from the classical scheme

ValueReference

0 200 400 600-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

(p.u

)

(s)

Battery current from the classical scheme

ValueReference

0

0.5

1

0 200 400 600-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

(p.u

)

(s)

Battery current from the EMR

ValueReference

0

0.5

1



««ConclusionConclusion»»



- Conclusion -

• Two control schemes of a battery/SCs EV compared in terms of control performance

• A classical way and an inversion-based control deduced from the EMR of the system

• Practically no error in the inversion-based control case

• Results closely linked to the system characteristics (e.g. internal resistance of the smoothing inductor)



««RREFERENCESEFERENCES»»



- References -

[Allègre 10] A.-L. Allègre, R. Trigui, and A. Bouscayrol, « Different energy management strategies of Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) using batteries and supercapacitors for vehicular applications », in 2010 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), 2010, p. 1-6.

[Einhorn 13] M. Einhorn, F. V. Conte, C. Kral, et J. Fleig, « Comparison, Selection, and Parameterization of Electrical Battery Models for Automotive Applications », IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 28, no 3, p. 1429-1437, 2013.

[Kurzweil 05] P. Kurzweil, B. Frenzel, et R. Gallay, « Capacitance Characterization Methods and Ageing Behaviour of Supercapacitors », présenté à The 15th International Seminar On Double Layer Capacitors, Deerfield Beach, FL., U.S.A, 2005.

[Tani 12] A. Tani, M. B. Camara, et B. Dakyo, « Energy Management Based on Frequency Approach for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Applications: Fuel-Cell/Lithium-Battery and Ultracapacitors », IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 61, no 8, p. 3375-3386, oct. 2012.

[Vulturescu 13] B. Vulturescu, R. Trigui, R. Lallemand, et G. Coquery, « Implementation and test of a hybrid storage system on an electric urban bus », Transp. Res., vol. Part C, févr. 2013.

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