Symbols can represent ideas that are relevant to the image. They are also things that people associate with a specific thing. This might be the universal sign for ‘restroom’ or ‘airport’ on maps and brochures, or the ‘no smoking’ sign. There are many symbols that we know of today.

Lines can frame an image to draw the viewer’s attention to it. They are also used to give images definition.

Borders can frame the whole static image or just parts of it. They can be used to draw attention to all or part of the image. They can contain symbols or images that help reinforce the idea/message of the static image.

Verbal features are features to do with the words and the techniques used with words on the page. This does not include font style or colour, but merely the actual words themselves.

An imperative is an order or a command. Ordering or commanding an action or thought means that the audience does not have to think about what they are doing. It is often used in advertiseing. E.g. Nike’s ‘Just Do It’

A metaphor is when two things are compared by saying one thing IS another.

A simile is when two things are compared using ‘like’ or ‘as.’

Personification is a technique where a non-human thing or object is given human qualities or characteristics. E.g. the trees danced in the wind. The chair ran across the floor in the earthquake. The water in the stream talked to the rocks.