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What makes stakeholder participation in environmental management work?
Enabling citizen choices about land use and the natural environment
Experience from the Sustainable Uplands and Involved projects
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What makes stakeholder participation in environmental management work?
Plan
1. Introduction2. What can published literature tell us?3. New research on citizen engagement in land
use and environmental decisions4. Case Study: Lessons from the Sustainable
Uplands project
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What makes stakeholder participation in environmental management work?
1. Introduction
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What makes stakeholder participation in environmental management work?
Participation: frustrating...
... yet alluring
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What makes stakeholder participation in environmental management work?
How can you design participatory processes that can effectively engage stakeholders
in policy decisions?
How can we harness participation to achieve social and environmental benefits, but avoid the pitfalls?
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What makes stakeholder participation in environmental management work?
2. What can published literature tell us?
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What makes stakeholder participation in environmental management work?
1. Start talking to people as soon as you can
• From concept to completion
• Early involvement leads to higher quality and more durable decisions
• Avoid raising false expectations: make sure there’s something to negotiate
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What makes stakeholder participation in environmental management work?
2. Make sure you’re talking to the right people
• The nature and legitimacy of outcomes is significantly affected by participant mix
• Lots of methods available now for “stakeholder analysis”
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What makes stakeholder participation in environmental management work?
• Design the process to the goals
• Identify goals with stakeholders
• Be prepared to negotiate and compromise
• Partnerships, ownership and active engagement in the process is more likely
3. Make sure you know what people want to talk about
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What makes stakeholder participation in environmental management work?
4. Be flexible: base level of participation & methods on your context & objectives
• Communicate e.g. information dissemination via leaflets or the mass media, hotlines and public meetings
• Consulte.g. consultation documents, opinion polls and referendums, focus groups and surveys
• Participate e.g. citizen’s juries, consensus conferences, task-forces and public meetings with voting
• Tailor your methods to context
• Manage power
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What makes stakeholder participation in environmental management work?5. Get a facilitator
• The outcome of a participatory process is more sensitive to the manner in which it is conducted than the tools that are used
• Don’t underestimate the power of investing in a good facilitator to bring people together and deliver high quality outcomes
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What makes stakeholder participation in environmental management work?
6. Put local and scientific knowledge on an equal footing• Science can help people make more informed decisions • Local knowledge can question assumptions, and perhaps
lead to more rigorous science
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What makes stakeholder participation in environmental management work?
• Decisions based on a combination of local and scientific knowledge may by more robust due to more comprehensive information inputs
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What makes stakeholder participation in environmental management work?
3. New research…
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What makes stakeholder participation in environmental management work?
The projects
• Ecopag: quantitative analysis of 2-300 case studies• Involved: in-depth interviews with those who led
and participated in environmental management projects/programmes– 5 projects/programmes in Spain & 5 in Portugal– Along continuum from less-more participatory– Studying a replicated participatory process in these
plus 10 other countries– Role of process versus context?
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What makes stakeholder participation in environmental management work?
Emerging lessons• Low levels of participation may lead to simple solutions:
easily implemented and accepted but ineffective• High levels of participation may lead to deeper
understanding, learning and more complex solutions: more effective but harder to apply
• Policy makers with actual decision-making power, need to be included in the process for short-term impact
• In some cases, their presence created a power imbalance that limited active participation & generation of new ideas
• But if decision-makers not part of process, immediate implementation of findings is less likely
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What makes stakeholder participation in environmental management work?
Emerging lessons
• If land managers are well represented, outcomes are generally economically and practically feasible, and there are more social benefits (social learning, better functioning social networks, increased trust)
• Involvement of this group increases likelihood that process outcomes are implemented in longer term
• To get participation of land managers, the process needs to be brought to their local context and communication tailored appropriately
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What makes stakeholder participation in environmental management work?
4. Case Study: Sustainable Uplands
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What makes stakeholder participation in environmental management work?
• 7 years (ending 2012)• Sites: Peak District, Yorkshire Dales, Galloway• £1.1M from RELU and ESRC• 29 researchers: Universities of Aberdeen, Leeds, St Andrews,
Durham, Sheffield & others with Moors for the Future & Heather Trust
Working with people in uplands to better anticipate and respond to future change
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What makes stakeholder participation in environmental management work?
• Inputs to policy processes e.g. via Defra’s uplands policy review, CRC’s upland inquiry, Foresight, NEA, Scottish Government Rural Land Use Study, IUCN peatland programme and consultation responses
• >£800K for 17 projects applying project outputs e.g. Yorkshire Water, Natural England, DEFRA, Premier Waste, United Utilities, Lancashire Wildlife Trust
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What makes stakeholder participation in environmental management work?
Key messages
• Worth investing to find out who wants what & tailoring the process from the outset (but you could short-cut our approach to stakeholder analysis)
• Tailor outputs to multiple learning preferences: use a variety of techniques & technologies to unpack “black boxes”
• Know your stakeholders to get timing right
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What makes stakeholder participation in environmental management work?
Key messages
• A shared philosophy: – Different expertise, but compatible ways of
viewing/constructing knowledge & compatible values/beliefs
– Working in partnership: learning from and with stakeholders as equals to make a difference
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What makes stakeholder participation in environmental management work?
Please take one
• DVDs• Cards for www.ouruplands.co.uk• RELU Policy & Practice Notes• Follow up? Possible sessions on:
– Stakeholder analysis– Other participatory methods– Facilitation (see handout)
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What makes stakeholder participation in environmental management work?
www.see.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplandswww.ouruplands.co.uk
Follow us on:
www.twitter.com/reluuplands
Email: [email protected]
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What makes stakeholder participation in environmental management work?
Contactwww.see.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands
Follow us on:
www.twitter.com/reluuplands
Email: [email protected]
Call or text on: 0797 428 6778