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Encroachment of Nature, People and Livelihoods: A Case of the Abusive, Greedy and Failing
Amaravati Capital City Project (2014-2019)
Research: Tani AlexLayout: Ankit Agrawal
Published by:Centre for Financial AccountabilityNew Delhiwww.cenfa.org [email protected]
Cover Photo: Rahul Maganti/PARI
April 2019
Copyleft: Free to use any part of this document for non-commercial purpose, with acknowledgement of source.
For Private Circulation Only
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Encroachment of Nature, People and Livelihoods:
A Case of the Abusive, Greedy and Failing Amaravati Capital City Project
(2014-2019)
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Background of the Amaravati Project (2014-2017)
Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation of the Amaravati Capital City Project. Photo courtesy: AP Capital Region Development Authority
After bifurcation of the erstwhile Indian state of Andhra Pradesh in June 2014, both the new states of Telangana and Andhra
Pradesh are sharing the Hyderabad as capital for 10 years. In September 2014, N Chandrababu Naidu, the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh announced that a single capital would be built for the State.
Amaravati, the proposed capital city covers an area of 217. 23 sq. km with the seed capital in an area of 16.94 sq. km, while the entire capital region pans over a spread of 8352.69 sq.km across both Krishna and Guntur districts of the State of Andhra Pradesh. The city specifically is planned to be built in Guntur district on the banks of the Krishna River, which is hailed as the rice-bowl of the State with 120 multi-
crops irrigated on the floodplains. The area sited for the city presently has a population of 1.03 lakh while that of the entire capital region would be 5.8 million.
The following contraventions of this project are elicited, during 2014-2017, with regard to World Bank’s Operational Policies, in a concentrated effort to prevent forthcoming irreplaceable damages to peoples’ lives. World Bank’s Operational Policies framework have been employed here as AIIB has agreed that the Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies and related procedures of the World Bank will apply to this project; and that AIIB will rely on the World Bank’s determination as to whether compliance with those policies and procedures have been achieved under the project.
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Summary of Violations
1. Violation of Bank’s OP/BP 4.01 – Environmental Assessment
2. Violation of Bank’s OP/BP 4.04 – Natural Habitats
3. Violation of OP/BP 4.11 – Physical Cultural Resources
4. Violation of OP/BP 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement
5. Violation of OP/BP 4.36 - Forests
1. Violation of Bank’s OP/BP 4.01 – Environmental Assessment
1.1. After the introduction of the concept plan for a greenfield Capital City in June 2015, a detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) was executed by Tata Consulting Engineers Ltd (TCE) from May-August 2015 and Environment Mitigation Plan (EMP) was prepared. Construction activities of the interim Government complex were progressing at Velagapudi and a temporary secretariat is already established. The initial leveling and construction activities for the capital city had begun prior to the disclosure of EA report to the public. Without the project-affected communities comprehending the enormity of the project and their consequences, the EA report was processed and “considering that Article 19 of the Constitution entitles the citizen to know and since that right stands infringed in this case, the whole process of EIA and issuance of the EC stand vitiated.”1 Discrepancies in publishing the Environment Clearance (EC) report to the public and uploading it at APCRDA (Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority) website at the event of NGT petitions is misleading and accordingly, presenting false information for obtaining EC triggers action by way of revocation of the EC for the project.
1.2. It is claimed that both EIA and EMP underwent significant scrutiny by the State Environment Impact Assessment Authority and Amaravati Capital City project was accorded environmental clearance during October 2015.2 Yet there are reports of forgery,
1 Noted Indian environmentalist and NGT peti-tioner EAS Sharma, in a letter addressed to B. S. S. Prasad, Member Secretary (APPCB),& Ex-officio Member Secre-tary (SEIAA), Hyderabad2 World Bank (2017): Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment - Environmental and Social Management Framework (SESA-ESMF), February
and petitions have been submitted to the National Green Tribunal (NGT) stating that the EIA and EMP reports were tailored to suit the needs of the GoAP.3 Since SESA-ESMF is the “overarching framework” that regulates the environmental and social safeguards at both the project’s development and implementation stages, we are apprehensive that SESA-ESMF document prepared for Amaravati misinforms the project affected communities, consultants, civic bodies, NGOs, and allied concerned groups.
1.3. The project is rendered Category A status and it will usher in high risk adverse impacts on the natural environment of the earmarked areas of Guntur-Krishna districts, percolating to the surrounding habitats as well. It is believed that the Bank has merely assessed the extent of the nature of the risk and have not adequately provided “…for assessment of feasible investment, technical, and siting alternatives, including the “no action” alternative, potential impacts, feasibility of mitigating these impacts, their capital and recurrent costs, their suitability under local conditions, and their institutional, training and monitoring requirements associated with them”(OP/BP 4.01 A.4).4
1.4. The Shivaramakrishnan Committee, appointed by the State in 2014 for a new capital, after various consultations with numerous stakeholders across the thirteen districts of AP, came out with recommendations for least dislocation of the existing agricultural lands along Krishna-Guntur belt and also cautioned about diverting fertile farmlands with 120 multi-crops for developmental purposes (Report of the Expert Committee 2014).5 To the dismay of the agrarian communities, GoAP unnervingly rejected the propositions and sited one of the richest food-belts of India for erecting the new capital city, forfeiting national food security for infrastructure development. We also fear that once developmental activities progress, the project executing agency will not repeal the same. Subsequently, petition has been filed to the NGT for the protection of these fertile lands with a call for considering it immediately before 3 The Hindu: (2017) NGT hearings on Amara-vati over. Accessed from: http://www.thehindu.com/todays‐paper/tp‐national/tp‐andhrapradesh/ngt-hear-ings-on-amaravati-over/article18171374.ece4 World Bank (2005): Operational Policies ,The World Bank Operations Manual, March5 Report of the Expert Committee (2014): Report of the Expert Committee, Ministry of Home Affairs, Union of India to Study the Alternatives for a New Capital for the State of Andhra Pradesh.
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1 & 2
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171
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3
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199
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30
351
76
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6
3
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2
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3
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4
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4
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9
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9
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2
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2
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4
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6
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4
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2
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54
312
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26
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8
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41
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20
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5
24
25
15
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79
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7
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5
32
54
42
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3
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6
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32
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43
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27
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8
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16
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9
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2
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32
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30
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30
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20
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4
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54
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6
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19
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12
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25
326
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74
43
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10
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301
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62
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308
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350
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60
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55
3
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17
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38
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512
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23
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44
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6
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51
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15
14
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340
199
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206
63
302
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322
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44
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184
52
26
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189
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75
154
74
18
327
322
376
277
29
193
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273
372
11
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5
36
38
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134
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31
354
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43
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360
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141
72
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102
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78
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72
53
219
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280
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45
31
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60
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348
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157
13
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70
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227
351
254
50
176
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73
114
244
118
245
37
205
129
268
156
117
78
211
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265/1
57
406
126
170
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338
26
72
282
113
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19
61
164
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59
94
106
63
413
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309
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294
76
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364
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17
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24
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6
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41
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12
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53
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16
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32
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8
21
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593
306
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18
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318
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4
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56
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12
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12
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20
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110
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54
52
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489
330
22
311
200
343
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159
142
179
769
56
119
13
273
207
387
140
170
151
43182
403
151
202
132
5
40
323
163
189
117
80
248
6
373
251
292
431
105
288
100
181
349
132
160
107
196
278
725
383
294
7
110
69
107
10
61 6
117
437
43
332
64
781
76
70
249
52
3
24
44
79
161
59
482
597
40
36
279
210
153
331
777
320
144
265/4
226
63
16
131
199
223
218
250
70
296
111
96
32
155
79
111
107
15
325
8
568
557
99
255
279
494
271
57
37
67
188
240
295
449
212
350
81
156
186
120
66
132
172
23
148
221
250250
6517
299
363
276
25
13
344/6
45
27/A
458
89
97
124
126
329
156
89
121
159
65
24
13
169
23
365
450
13
191
128
290
234
300
262
57
326
149
23
328
151
250
220
57
319 183
87
173
191
370
89
462
25
89
72
22
100
132
35
98
255
228
441
161
406
119
91
143
137
152
23
61
26
474
247
8 9
118
58
131
94
117
105
110
271
366
179
114
43
134
260
173
369
263
488
41
95
316
101
367
379
191
180
38
361
75
787
50
42
81
39
90
228
301
457
109
415
586
219
393
280
459
100
353
69
267
77
60
136
324
250
466
539
194
99
227
10235
267
375
208
246
321
270
462
123
195
115
359
216201
91
178
230
354
181
130
86
49
62
83
34
461
35
296
81
454
422
227
419
10
126
40
258
456
250
1/11
113
46
319
341
165
42
59
312
268
18
538
317
82
75
188
18
116
30
101
46
413
247
374
295
49
352
487
98
15
261
99
94
277
116
85
348
123
71
97
51
164
148
501
277
245
72
378
131
297
62
368
243
278
167
22
90
114
131
262
100
412
307
27
182
187
76
95
243
465
154
84
87
278
24
186
430
130
572
154
21
146
8
194
229
323
190
150
56
607
82
104
25
83
292
370
168
77
566
36
70
80
447
365
75
354
109
94 164
275
145
101
143
34
152
190
44
342
139
605
150
414
222
14
131
137
90
336
408
74
198
26
175
150
145
391
21
186
100
148
200
456
59
488
158/A
678
155
67
45
29
153
310
115
127
22 25
345
475
165
187
136
316
55
506
51
12
771
48
59
177
53
55265/3
119
145
70
57
175
483
154
265
443
35
37
15
106
15
179
345
270
483
18
131
248
291
234
184
6 6
278
325
172
100
148
129
16
251
179
128
30
28
299
321
79
56
330
228
305
153
77
323
171
446
103
321
396
162
154
249
336
561
28 11
364
219
100
111
34
200
56
91
346
40
230
73
185
228
341
158
210
202/A
111
657
33
385
237
73
173
211
24
148
136
58
16
253
49
445
86
508
244
254
53272
104
269
42
118
280
117
188
482
252
135
69
49
127
108
80
289
422
252
381
38
129
199
120
284
25
14
99
84
38
20
571
106
84
108
25
20/A
68
75
233
131
61
243
503
196
314
266
176
152
210
133
207
175361
1/1
139
168
491
240
253
117
231
303
162
60
277
83
162
359
166
192
11
1 18
119
140
148
313
275
140
311
278
328
411
415
97
24
23
109
434
242
385
129
360
387
419
164
608
238
80
335
275
125
184
27
28
20
279
86
87
11
184
227
788
341
129
41
221
51
54
272
323
110
46
167
443
798
24
328
226
20
92
315
158
48
152
159
81
156
147
79
82
291
453
13
17
224
115
42
146
109
12/A
363
249
283
139
355
180
596
115
70
126
652
241
17
181
786
146
347
26
460
68
331
284
243
392
185
14
161
12
300
236
31
463
41
348
47050
157
65
269
138
100
32
258
77
265
20
124
197
135
371
105
322
255
49
173
251
201
22
82
64
541
197
88
22
362
308
10
67
47
29 2
388
40
160
51
296
78
174
65
538
33
112
302
190
113
387
224
272
380
348
38
260
232
439
263
156
100
36
21
39
56
61
309
95
40
101
120
11
231
400
478
29
84
44
294
239
145
122
102
311
53
103
206
238
35
1/4
127
644
147
246
237
266/7
159
214
462
208
805
381
50
218
18
271
489
559
170
383
79
414
102
298
244
208
111
75
108
103
69
23
643
90
234
182
327
272
253
122
270
236
49
304
69
366
55
376
424
401
342
68
368
270
359
446
63
29
442
357
469
374
18
186
113
27
182
189
775
161
13
610 185
159
293
20
256
50
354
810
106
422
138
20
166
130
188
38
202
171
3 89
69
17
67
132
423
394
16
330
137
174
427
94
80
273
50
283
100
323
466\3
21
174
11
108
129
127
18
93
328
164
335
409
119
289
784
241
205
83
61
44
457
255
69
142
228
111
578
224
72
110
481
137
76
297
116169
454
160
135
796
130
82
262
390
188
304
282
90
223
68
81
352
156
313
51
89
159
308
195
339
80
257
456
361
429
347
289
320
102
49
482
411
235
447
10
356
127
160
534
269
74
228
498
412
302
104
283/B
75
266
152
36
169
43
103
432
174
329
315
382
161
419
107
353
221
428
105
533
779
312
121
40
413
217
310
114
221
143
79
662
73
505
18
317
32
121
83
311
211
346
617
469
10931
600
271
421
259
21
85
355
64
44
35
225
645
401
89
21
152
148
147
297
625 196
423
369
615
357
121
242
152
209
180
84
191
306
50
352
54
183
64
519
88
229
18
157
121
544
176
429
801
344
114
395
464
99
155
24
346
232
347/14
25
274
227
436
11
207
242
458
352
400
44
357
258
208
283
284
1/10
99
283/A
134
181
10
236
259
93
130
41
217
92
92
623
144
628
274
487
138
162
262
13
180
331
61
126
186
22
396
604
45
24
780
193
282
282
301
374
182
161
120
112
77
82
167
500
297
466
658
181
105
35
455
57
128/A
183
62
347/6
185
407
348
258449
270
131
427
268
373
484
155
363
40
48
265/8
112
196
476
235
647
67
347/3
315
117
222
465
362
17
334
11
10
256
267
202
111
167
10
225
184
78
622
38
93
158
192
66
265
182
133
106
111
91
204
8
261
320
267
17
161
195
259
435
466\1
554
60
492
63
240
78
14
316
283
177
121
515
115
71
634
42
218
172
170
397
175
238
266/A
693
296
464
23
146
269
48
276
176
453
371
383
77
130
280
448
163
56
95
325
367
10
359
789
267
655
128
515
66
265
378
138
216
161
92
167
48
405
2
108
192
58
85
154
135
198
674
266/2
425
123
24
472
162
513
30 6
311
317
175
444
45
355
59
305
180
249
359
410
73
126
14
82
130
104
32 157
100/A
75
266
255
347/1
153
101
76
62
160
395
238
268
177
438
364
400
212
268
121
78
165/A
294
125
279
382
100
129
429
102
321
49
100
266/8
15
124
293
278
10
140
216
590
423
102
210
418
424
152
47
132
419
326
262
71
150
205
629
132
234
12
186
71
813
344/4
517
109
386
465\4
543
133
106
525
154
234
475
192
181
197
438
303
161
30772
187
247
575
104
235
35
321
226
71
389
582
26/A
116
619
167
132
74
332
73
170
130
281
18/A
20
162
319
128
85
36
190
162
97
97
198
9 0/B
56
144
472
30
91/A
98
300
563
435
47
189
313
263
101
360
145
29
168
12
57
90/A
465
302
198
366
455
191
52
243
185
45
339
122
149
15
156
391
21
303
253
381
314
229
394
32
179
144
441
265
177
262
382
176
317
32
142
217
80
9
113
151
344
488
287
318
422
96
261
295
517
89
566
676
99
184
139
84
107
428
312
442
636
197
38
79
193
94
36
109
354
268
360
103
158
826
219
182
266/6
30
50
55
316
132
243
261
282
332
334
298
830
281
424
550
728
37
521
70
52
325267
47
684
63
263
23
450
473
300
357
131/A
563
220
103
224
370
168
163
201
490
45
110
10 0
250
130
163
365
294
340
50
229
304
230
571
70
124
271
51
103
825
222
356
84
108
133
41
27
468
564
125
543
229
82
31/A
180
410
237
263
63
206
102
242
476
565
195
1/2
172
506
107
150
245
59
443
247
16
375
52
198
193
507
398
820
246
466
229
240
330
183
296
427
64
34
290
327
159
211
123
333
473
257
822
670
125475
112
347/17
151
13
60
279
160
67
184
431
118
547
250
334
316
65
227
306
558
140
549
581
102
230
469
42
313
290
347
532
18
444
283
231
251
62
281
369
469
65
153
454
108
543
264
246
45
546
16
406
463
155
95
536
265/14
274
555
12 6
378
7
260
324
189
705
470
680
380
817
566
34
14
143
124
349
103
540
49
795
122
38
337
244
61
445432
286
576
510
184
632
278
214
320
528
127
508
155
156
245
575
62
183
433
161
29
110
544
166
556
542
280
107
284
314
280
460
556
247
564
117
256
104
229
260
459
123
522
573
28
568
507
135
136/B
618
567
46
690
137
281
539
274/C
167
473
101
18
471
41
569
740
567
277
370
103
553
511
557
436
166/B
248
548
47
304
439
347/2
310
530
306
133
203
558
259
164
117
226
27
580
217
138
265/5
276
526
114
34
217
104
235
509
503
257
102
445
39
294
3 70
285
823
289
565
504
345
37
401
26
155
246
276
284
570
191
242
577
112
204
202
332
373
254
549
216
104
370
100
62
137
819
322
328
109
116
49
256
277
224
467
262
490
91/B
178
417
190
144
62
371
118
34
47
376
175
97
541
205
235
293
262
524
314
544
574
818
271
444
232
572
666
106
194
67
651
379
282
33
816
103
252
284
449
28
497
92
210
255
49
491
114
232
292
487
109
173
21
542
685
15
107
113
345
45
255
351
128
237
231
741
134
491
104
113
394
504
313
463
297
160
500
526
304
298
492
252
71
209
150
280
172
247
302
393
285
254
441
246
489
203
315
39
695
232
492/1
31
824
319
261
351
557
439
266/4
121
337
192
67
325
687
440
319
269
207
536
298
466\5
127
286/B
113
37
355
286
66
202/1
288
91
239
302
52
468
206
145
365
542
631
376
171
552
244
478
279
177
201
213
129
93
311
124
499
125
185
172
264
188
307
133
141
421
157
184
284/A
28
61
750
126
547
110
286
201
404
211
27
82
209
88
279
138
318
706
170
300
88
304
275
503
411
27
756
175
462
124
377
471
118
133
131
172
242
31
232
253
578
815
142
465\2
300
309
281
139
525
531
283/C
203
755
134
287
190
18/C
307
377
362
148
457
46
458
574
92
529
373
33
226
546
304
450
271/A
473
162
193
201
113
450\1
528
264
342
520
377324
109
155
107
112
256
497
296/A
377
280
199
720
255
19
474
571
323
140
70
190
74
84
34
174
681
118
439
265
48
198
451
171
465\3
35
286/C
319
165
141
273
48
261
434
123
409
247
36
353
96
168
437
222
261
194
26
585
219
72
318
29
438
358
268/A
310
67
171
47
43
79
93
312
315
178
235
149
215
493
21
35
295
112
107
46
530290
198
287
195
213
459
500
28
759
170
50
197
206
144
29
55
94
438
738
187
216
162
14
296/B
26
668
202
471
258
102
259
223 4
290
232
45
724
114
56
129
739
7
63
53
44
345
51
138
50
56
1
65
95
138
9
793
1
10
148
26
27
151
364
1
225
79
11
49
215
41
263
104
24
1130
188
19
481
1
229
337
25
40
336
4664
40
53
55
54
13
3
49
55
792
194
124
163
50
1/15
100
204
635
5
248
116
24
244
19
30
404
240
99
103
43
130
265/11
3
244
257
287
1
103
134
62
147
703_1A
80
285
22
296
492
460
116
338
162
558
60109
34
173
85
17
88
407
91
115
102
340
172
178
57
110
78
521
142
224
28
274
37
298
181
32
12
290
43
545
211
163
148
261
246
33151
56
131
8
160
231
48
492
25
42
166
33
367
138
162
20/A
83
161
199
29
31
137
3
16
98
122
34
79
271
1
341
15
27
30
160
59
155
96
262
84
132
53
14
5
94
224
13
44
225
564
62
32
24
16
389
99
169
729
169
146
93
149
88
61
17
195
333
67
214
92
56
332
224
292
344
403
161
42
601
20
104
321
50
200
393
410
63
9
260
87
136
7
649
323
114
229
421
112
50
64
365
52
168
679
154
129
12
28
89
198
232
36
2
7
236
80
192
422
168127
445
227
314
52
140
287
72
152
86
6
196
14
129
34
442
356
157
477
101
218
94
490
54
163
120
197
2
15
149
14
230
136
220
343
443
233
108
107
171
375
58
31
82
344/2
21
391
94/B
220
239
288
278
347/15
327
24 5
219
27
259
103
43
149
97
158
163
16
99
16
116
199
48
270
609
44 135
239
251
200/1
606
120
552
47
219
306
114
36
26
27
180
37
236
148
175
127
17
165
159
580
430
12
317
194
147
52
170
74
105
379
238
4
106
37
59
44
654
72
444
472
388
160
103
68
163
550
56
409
50
308
39
25
209
155
25
115
31
315235
588
96
279
155
89
86
41
31
63
487
266/9
183
392
84
53
335
176
827
763
299
265/10
410
90
140
551
265
22
165
284
294
121
114
90
192
28
267/A
28
293
347
150
153214
275
68
251
43
475
278
395
79
40
500
477
11
399
267
416
179
255
274
95
447
260
387
572
3 2
426
105
4
140
166
246
671
412
150
92
106178
434
562
420
1
363
33
139
102
106
266/3
520
149
115
559
347
316
110
31
172
19
603
672
320
25
233
54
330
309
675
35
718
67
25
171
530
87
402
91
551
234
560
192
343
128
213
203
235
17
335
77
18
11
208
548
102
467
258
83
23
157
272
42
165
34
86
380
527
501
656
259
159
54
87
273
194 15
140
151
181
41
426
372253
72
138
563
184
25
620
56
64
445
60
110
518
248
550
127
85
266
386
292
112
150
114
606/1
119
62
97
534
110
384
21
43
238
322
136/A
102
78
70
388
659
764
73
273
173
73
446
498
169
88
403
42
27 6
301
648
49
461
84
295
29
95
33
230
307
152
456
237
216
289
105
458
373
151
72
170
218
440
434 71
116
235
569
269
266/13
118
5
18/A
258
52
334
306
331
32
498
148
109272
163
612
118
166/A
266/10
336
373
20/C
365
280
22
347/11
51
305
767
437
385
119
62
411
310
133
112
417
38
257
39
123
665
30
85
173
185/B
15
97
429
135
477
192
96
81
465\5
697
425
435
129
90
125
53
354
626
265/12
145
165/C
199
107
126
53
141
254
248
21
202
281
91
247
307
159
8
245
347/13
109
47
225
169
290
782
39
421
175
128
30
259
167
40
193
211
59
206
374
699
200
274/A
397
156
83/B
120
41
179
251
529
696
43
188
181
19
114
214
41
195
203
259
11
281
264
12
333
109
83/A
284
119
51
309
247
409
516
154
283
425
21
242
13
48
124
173
170
290
303
409
377
143
49
9
53
366
44
290
621
285
57
117
272
220
157
256
310
171
194
112
254
6
185/A
565
4
303
496
402
161
83
180
85
378
48
64
118
388
29
630
627
249
537
474
168
220
87
88
262
365
341
46
109
83
24
122
264
327
478
172
109
158
149
194
13
72
480
111
364
14
20
468
463
250
173
324
249
146
270
142
88
111
223
426
67
291
105
447
220
110
317
541
170
468
186
386
37
21 9
6
131
256
172
412
302
22
46
667
256/A
794
49
264
221
545
89
472
283
146
31
470
269
183
145
474
342
113
352
141
7
362
134
113
653
157
351
329
208
259
57
80
302
47
379
74
11
350
66
213
45
294
65
273
53
251
127
73
218
289
556
288
123
70
469
96
185
499
62
89
136
198
146
278
125
570
32
383
47
138
180
55
39
86
166
160
197
158
208
139
158
238
82
278
514
291
69
110
139
358
48
448
168
4
103
583
253
105
301
92
363
464
828
312
219
102
528
10
266/1
129
180
124
688
209
18/B
249
121173
682
457
282
77
37
367
49
221
46
52
282
188
37
509
360
28
153
186
2 1/B
355
375
49
114
374
388
107
178
42
369
236
677
153
124
230
40
106
86
236
61
17
159
217
770
38
50
79
196
264
46
278
404
47
131
319
25
123
291
235
111
146
137
464
121
140
189
266
218
554
403
2
137
205
383
83
367
275
55
112
176
361
257
105
514
535
292
133
68
117
109
125
45
159
181
148
166
94
87
111
526
135
85
117
178
207
210
132
116
270
121
115
47
548
163
146
451
266/11
77
147
146
479
381
88
307
47
196
28
9
325
108/B
137
233
117
703/2
521
24
2
273
193
69
347/12
245
157
101
453
226
86
276
40
331
99
105
154
93
228
255
145
36
212
296
53
26 6
58
310
368
275
34
44
128
1
15
155
5
808
829
821
135
279
182
125
238
247
108/A
664
80
122
128
187
49
123
99
28
70
340
203
174
158/B
76
110
410
275
180
48
239
184
171/2
35
73
44232
31
272
276
379
127
64
299
132
202
48
89
159
202
347/4
123
274
174
587
221
116
102
135
6
258
106
241
224
322
209
132
308
137
46
12/C
143
105
159
495
286/A
42
527
51
112
194
11
169
8
141
481
291
266
354
129
134
534
342
119
378
411
120
35
305
202
141
147
146
260
276
126
313
646
150
331
418
77
175
287
164
344
134
171/1
77
12
113
418
30
347
257
222
213
124
87
18 0
269
185
178
52
43
139
88
35
220
266
118
392
21
3
223
73
126
241
218
41
212
47
127
34
237
139
193_A
147
358
241
23
341
262
69
243
154
76
32
138
51
14
203
16
230
215
531
181
15
37
61
3
130
254
142
468
227
24
8
416
466\2
569
375
128
26
71
35
98
201
126
191
74
138
221
38
579
248
431
65
115
115
168
663
802
135
215
27
240
12
182
179
1
102
164
86
406
177
260
155
553
347/16
1
214
86
48
357
640
228
207
18
29
267
67
297
256
344/1
162
314
55
12
133
45
348
124
142
347/7
128
256
692
121
581
136
139
196
347/5
79
289
344/7
276
537
244
24
240
466\4
133 15
163
237
119
260
175
316
66
89
30
276
21
420
332
81
162
122
385
538
155
261
396
244
195
133
218
136
470
151
396
167
283/A
85
356
233
177
108
122
2
7
205
239
199
307
12
149
118
271
41
201/2
234
153
31
154
107
220
745
265/13
698
291
175
510
689
222
230
197
281
39
21/A
198
199
242
178
111
523
62
142
174
493
265
120
226
57
55
38
152
57
417
298
149
17
6
125
283
119
272
93
265
372
424
237
169
223
147
68
35
20
176
573
454
128/C
414
196
50
88
138
14
204
537
183
112
358
41
785
163
296
252
471
339
64
134133
707
50
372/9
326
43
532
1
415
286
1 29
141
496
257
165
454
624
72
30
382
161
809
331
215
217
691
336
16
211
661
458
347/10
178
154
71
111
132
106
69
437
1
194
27
88
283
351
226
343
223
241
190
143
124
277
34
129
40
148
168
807
58/A
200
14
367
198
338
441
368
288
455
73
72
81
18842
341
430
436
285
367
171
46
120
10
195
80
326
349
25
132
117
305
136
26
263
20
212
36
267
188
108
243
104
1/9
289
142
91
213
78
236
116
257
334
250
139
34
292
344/3
58
208
118
92
31 133
197
260
186
584
53
82
43
512
124
263
101
130
17
31
139
70
344/8
109
376
209
54
245
39
349
60
210
50
429
205
72
2 27
423
560
207
120
88
214
328
240
432
30
80
10
158
212
201
330
53
57
325
178
190
372/1
246
198
113
46
484
206 19
536
55
324
145
171
442
60
329
359
461
299
751
1
77
170
122
2
293
187
383
322
377
272
68
215
70
318
479
74
149
64
200
494
44
372/10
702
117
187
271
76
113
212
250
136
141
291
229
5
120
56
55
48
295
31
142
708
650
15
349
81
758
114
142
264
215
748
465
10
231
91
100/B
23
280
248
140
126
279
46
98
547
398
138
395
346
232
305
157
209
79
277
372
26/C
589
66
673
76
97
231
58/B
348
479
23
344
196
148
208
425
412
193
44
686
107
192
736
251
106
156
495
700
29
27
174
121
19
522
239
131
215
372/2
128/A
397
37
32
413
292
78
119
26
167
56
230
121
533
136
92
390
177
213
143
209
106
518
540
275/C
181
144
273
12
265/15
288
772
66
243
209
443
413
100
55
80
229
208
87
78
288
182
197
77
182
125
369 281
321
75
123
206
26
69
200
374
103
778
183
344/9
64
129
555
330
717
24
58
245
22
127
166
284
49
144
37
124
82
297
334
167
329
533
361
316
252
201/1
143
216
46
137
4
639
272
82
165
252
128
147
450
347/18
216
381
30
83
524
361
104
27
285
165/B
298
225
151
237
274
18
271/C
1
293
275
299
151
10
142
139
347/9
308
433
5
51
255
257
211
35
152
55
219
294
376
26/B
101
364
191
41
694
193
232
205
21
12/B
535
123
128/B
287
300
103
747
42
421
427
254
48
211
27
280
13
285
169
69
20/B
335
82
26
339
158
510
31
93
94
100
112
135
80
40
214
186
309
399
86
111
166
182
416
288
222
189
136
126
112
160
28
401
420
275
54
187
65
233
485
466
186
111
209
319
231
288
277
103
575
43
125
189
19
190
245
75
90
31
50
309
239
78
144
142
334
207
85
130
76
326
4
164
152
193
234
399
74
182
104
343
283
240
189
375
102
301
286
350
408
511
223
130
81
54
461
407
249
53
15
215
167
96
249
83
275/A
29
65
338
302
106
211
94
135
115
284
140
165
239
67
283
30
153
187
176
28
59
58
776
212
101
188
63
323
372/4
428
272
47
274
371
465\7
132
105
286
312
263
418
35
460
56
188
32
210
333
165
467
328
321
721
191
39
243
130225
79
576
67
78
30
128
372/3
126
555
64
480
130
102
6854
75
145
81
45
185
268/C
336
54
239
716
762
286
372/7
400
362
110
68
511
483
30
39
335
405
287
191
115
123
282
217
114
213
306
417
122
704
285
174
495
484 490
95
62
98
149
19
111
812
25
405
252
268/B
145
154
94
347/8
198
208
142
228
713
38
380
40
165
41
53
45
220
10
765
65
561
121
76
120
109
115
204
63
113
90
327
11
42
165
494
221
68
125
262
11
46
60
1/13
183
60
638
126
344/10
519
94
289
63
238
175
302
94
96
81
133
141
103
273
263
545
21
182
105
327
446
95
11
350
197
179
42
109
97
135
522
266/12
287
151
386
389
173
36
35
120
142
123
20/B
51
312
205
380
308
12
353
144
372
141
318
120/1
295
200
189
212
206
203
68
66
101
187
467
314
106
347
19
773
104
156
92
326
144
66
130
339
793/1
404
45
222
37
80
270
310
107
385
358
40
282
553
110
13
123
151
48
175
372/5
311
147
525
753
313
132
577
384
218
247
97
325
275
308
173
288
115
153
760
108
159
426
177
265
106
226
141
160
253
107
131/B
173
299
831
2
137
267
6
304
732
385
9
300
143
254
494
122
84
153
320
282
76
41
90
719
70
121
305
16
714
187
44
295
48
195
162
144
95
187
75
128/E
710
191
91
61
243
84
139
157
88
150
731
754
280
131
25
140
726
188
164
58
146
14
291
114
520
313
499
71
352
12
293
100
12
301
305
161
426
93
303
465
241
239
199
112
340
282/A
19
78
146
701
55
31/B
236
146
261
554
532
113
340
241
368
497
274
265/9
1
10184
28
328
485
28 6
513
119
337
179
290
137
251
301
128/D
204
4
268/B
169
109
22
74
51
96
245
372/8
171
505
128
683
20/C
346
283/B
17
170
106
182
158
222
394
137
452
241
274/B
99
535
130
495
214
78
286
32
338
177
337
165
113
112
71
241
339
501
384
512
173
8579
151
156
36
178
62
72
372/6
502
303
25
44
506
10829
345
312
18/B
101
529
137
264
89
480
170
733
289
390
28
319
39
20
5
37
539
14
524
39
349
432
43
304
14
523
406
527
26317
318
93
282/B
179
342
523
213
513
41
252
218
308261
216
3
277
282
237
42
149
531
735
314
491
124
125
578
190
797
238
183
84
440
42
212
94/A
33
41
737
150
133
579
305
264
285
283
271
723
212
227
90
16
148
559
212
573
12
135
147
108
251
206
83
253
344
452
8515
322
11
144
297
95
4
70
162
21956
104
560
168
296
88
54
312
61
582
368
33
303
239
8587
6
128/B
320
486
27/C
144
21
66
81
93
74
128
31
46
172
176
497
50333
45
66
397
33
382
215
246
132
303
119
711
256
87
47
344/5
187
79
51
125
379
33
353
61
203
227
322
436
41
37
75
5
127
15
36
133
236
158
266
36
108/1
505
89
91
273
287
228
259
9
86/1
27/B
75
Inner Ring Road
Vijayawada Bypass
Inner Ring Road
Inner Ring Road
Vijaya
wada B
ypas
s
Raynapadu
Vijayawada
Kolanukonda
Jupudi
Kotturu
Shabada
Tarapet
Nutakki
Prathuru
Mulapadu
Damuluru
Elaprolu
Kothapet
Badepuram
Chilukuru
Tadepalle
Vemavaram
Gollapudi
Vaddamanu
Karlapudi
Mothadaka
Gundimeda
Tadikonda
Mellempudi
Kondapalle
Malkapuram
Rayanapadu
Guntupalle
Pedaparimi
Ponnekallu
Ganiatukuru
Kilesapuram
Paidurupadu
Surayapalem
Sitanagaram
Vaddeswaram
Nidumukkala
Chinakakani
Kethanakonda
Kotikalapudi
Tummalapalem
Vykuntapuram
Ibrahimpatnam
Pedda Madduru
Kunchanapalle
Pedavadlapudi
Zami Machavaram
Vijayawada City
Mangalagiri (M)
Lachannagudipudi
Harischandrapuram
NH - 16
(5)
NH - 65 (9)
NH
- 30
(221
)
NH - 65 (9)
NH
- 65 (9)
SCALE: 1:30,000
TITLE :
Detailed Master Plan of Capital city-Amaravati
DATE
0 1 2 30.5KM
Assistant Planner Zonal Assistant Director 2
Zonal Assistant Director 3
(G. Nageswara Rao)
(Dr. N .Srikant, I.A.S)
(R. Ramakrishna Rao)
Zonal Assistant Director 1
Kurnool
Chitoor
KadapaAnantapur Nellore
Prakasam
Guntur Krishna
East Godavari
Visakhapatnam
Srikakulam
West Godavari
Vizianagaram
Krishna
Guntur
Prakasam
West Godavari
KEY MAP :
22 -02-2016
Planning Officer Director - Planning
Commissioner(V. Prasanna Venkatesh, I.A.S)
Additional Commissioner
Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority
Note:
1) R1 includes all the notified water bodies and they will continue to exist.
2) The Cadastral boundaries and numbers shall be read with revenue records.
3) Draft Detailed Master Plan of Capital city-Amaravati prepared by M/s Surbana Jurong Consultants Pte Ltd, Singapore
0
R3-Medium to high density zone
C6-Central business district zone
Legend
X Existing Railway StationsCapital City Planning BoundaryVillage Administrative BoundariesSurvey Parcels
@ Land markExisting Railway lineDownTown Road AlignmentProposed Bund AlignmentExisting Bund RoadRoad Network Outside Planning Boundary
Residential
R2-Low density zone
R4-High density zone
C1 -Mixed use zone
C2- General commercial zone
C3-Neighbourhood centre zone
C4-Town centre zone
C5-Regional centre zone
I1-Business park zone
I2-Logistics zone
I3-Non polluting industry zone
P1-Passive zone
P2-Active zone
P3-Protected zone
P3-Protected zone
S1-Government zone
S2-Education zone
S3-Special zone
U1-Reserve zone
U2- Road reserve zone
Commercial
Industrial
Open Space and Recreation
Institutional Facilities
Infrastructure Reserve
R1-Village planning zone
Detailed Master Plan of Amaravati. Source: Capital Region Development Authority, Governmet of Andhra Pradesh.
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any developmental activities are already established there with irreversible consequences.6
1.5. The final Master plan which was introduced in February 2016 revealed the plans for deviating 13 islands (These are Lanka islands inhabited by around 500 Dalit families for more than 600 years, the displacement and marginalization issues of these families without return land is explained in the Section 4.2. of this complaint) for tourism and development purposes.7 They are also recognized as wetlands and falls under the agreement of Ramsar Convention. The Bank’s OP/BP 4.01 A.3 stipulates to “assess the adequacy of the applicable legal and institutional framework, including applicable international environmental agreements”, and henceforth warrants to ensure that the Bank will not co-finance such projects which supersedes such international agreements. Communities asserted that prohibitions are to be honoured in such cases of land reclamation, industrial development, permanent construction and any actions impacting the ecosystem of these islands.
1.6. Serious climatic shifts in the proposed Amaravati area is an advancing thought from the concerned environmental-conscious residents of the State and nationwide. This has been haphazardly scanned by the Bank infringing on its own clause OP/BP 4.01 A.2. A highly ambitious concrete city with structures of glass, steel, flyovers, transport connectivity systems as speculated in the Master Plan will enhance the growing climate crisis.
1.6.1 India has been identified as a water stress zone by the International Water Management Institute and the issue of water scarcity also affects the proposed capital area, if the floodplains of Krishna River are encroached upon for construction purposes without paying caution to the proper conservation and management of water. Floodplains are the last resort for pure unpolluted water for Indian cities.
1.6.2. Installing buildings on floodplains will increase the risk of irrevocable impairments. The State with its long coastal line is most vulnerable to cyclone and sea-level change. Though alternatives are
6 Original Application No. 171 of 2015, (M. A. No. 510 of 2015), Before the National Green Tribunal, Prin-cipal Bench, New Delhi, Pandalaneni Srimannarayan & Anr. Vs.State of Andhra Pradesh & Ors.7 Deccan Chronicle: (2017) Andhra Pradesh: Island farmers on warpath. Accessed from: https://www.dec-canchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/070417/andhra-pradesh-island-farmers-on-warpath.html
mentioned by Bank (SESA-ESMF for Amaravati)8 for flood/storm water management including the raising of construction levels higher than the local historical flood levels, it is strongly inferred that destroying the natural absorption and discharge of Krishna floodplain will tremendously increase flash flooding, which will not be rectified by developing three more reservoirs, as mentioned in SESA-ESMF. Moreover, SESA-ESMF has given inadequate emphasis on the flood risks of Krishna floodplain, given the historical records of frequent floods there. Though GoAP has given written declaration to NGT regarding protection of floodplains, the Master Plan discloses that the SEED Capital will be built on 30 metre deep floodplain. The Master Plan has also shown that construction will happen between the Krishna bund and river, which is seen as impromptu encroachment of the river. The Bank needs to ascertain whether it has followed OP/BP 4.01 A.7 in including consultations on EA which are indeed multi-dimensional here, and if they are brought into the notice of GoAP. We are, in fact, presented with more arguable reasons that the Bank and the GoAP has not given least consideration for the protection of river ecology in the State. The proposal to elevate many thousand acres land for high-rise buildings to prevent floods from Krishna river and Kondaveeti Vagu have been challenged at the NGT, and the viability of this plan is a point of contention as explained by noted environmentalists of the country.9
1.6.3 The proposal to realign Krishna River bund is stated in the Master Plan, since Amaravati is celebrated as a Blue-Green Capital City, with a river frontage. This diversion is also purportedly suggested to provide ample public facility space against the 30 km stretch of waterfront. It is also defended by the GoAP that this realignment of Krishna River would be executed without compromising the flood protection or the course of the river.10 Only private owners of lands on either sides of the river and the bund will benefit from this scheme, by reclaiming more land between old and new bunds. The natural flow of the water will be disrupted resulting in grave danger,
8 World Bank (2017): Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment - Environmental and Social Manage-ment Framework (SESA-ESMF), February, pg. 549 Deccan Chronicle: (2016) NGT raises doubts about Amaravati. Accessed from: http://www.deccan-chronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/160916/ngt-rais-es-doubts-about-amaravati.html10 APCRDA (2016): Amaravati Project Ed. No.1, March
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as examined by environmental experts. Several studies have reported the effects of global warming on Krishna River and it has been identified as one of the nation’s most affected river as a consequence of climate change. Kondaveeti Vagu is a catchment area for the heavy rainfalls. The flood water from this area passes through many tributaries and finally joins Krishna River after more than fifteen to thirty days. When the tributaries are disturbed, flow of flood water is restricted, leading to stagnation and crop destruction every year for the farmer. The capital city has been sited at this exact location. Details of flood mitigation in the capital city are not sufficiently mentioned in the Bank’s disclosure documents.
1.6.4. The State is categorized in the seismic zone Zone II and III and particularly the land slotted for Amaravati is in Zone III. It has been reported (Geological Survey of India) from seismic micro zonation here that earthquakes could result from the neotectonic faults located within 150 kms away from Amaravati.11 Despite the NGT stay order on the construction of activities, GoAP has vehemently proceeded with the establishing of a temporary capital secretariat at the proposed area. This is in utter disregard to the law and Constitution of India. We fail to comprehend why the Bank would proceed, in inconsistence with its own environmental policy (OP/BP 4.01 A.3), to finance this project in a vulnerable area prone to natural disasters.
2. Violation of Bank’s OP/BP 4.04 – Natural Habitats
The issues of altering river basins, wetlands and islands to ‘development sites’ mentioned in Section 1 of this document are in resonance with the deviation of the bank’s policy on natural habitats as well (OP/BP 4.04 B.2, B.3 and B.5). Opportunities for environmentally sustainable development are profoundly negligible in this project. In spite of repeated appeals from project affected communities and attentive environmental groups, the sub-components of the project are proceeding to build an artificial ‘greenfield’ capital by disrupting the natural ecology of the designated area rich with diverse bio-resources. Though the Bank’s policy on Forests will be analysed against the GoAP’s current submission to Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climatic Change in Section
11 Report of the Expert Committee (2014): Report of the Expert Committee, Ministry of Home Affairs, Union of India to Study the Alternatives for a New Capital for the State of Andhra Pradesh.
5 of this document, it is imperative to mention here that uprooting natural forests to install bio parks is incongruous, and will fail to preserve the native flora and fauna. In the Master Plan, it has been outlined that 252 ha of land in Tadepalli Reserve Forest is under consideration for possible conversion to construction site, and it is awaiting clearance from MoEFFC. Recent media articles expose that in fact 12,444.89 ha of Kondapalli Reserve Forests is under similar consideration for conversion, and in May 2017 the Forest Advisory Committee (FAC) has recommended the Expert Committee to examine the Master Plan in order to proceed further with their review of the submission by GoAP.12 We want the Bank to reflect and specify if this violation of OP/BP 4.04 B.2 warrants your definitive statement regarding the mentioned devious strategy of GoAP to acquire uninhabited forest land for easy conversion. It is nonetheless daunting to find that the Bank has mentioned there are no critical natural habitats in Amaravati capital city area.13
3. Violation of OP/BP 4.11 – Physical Cultural Resources
In the Master Plan, many existing heritage sites are planned to be maintained per se “to respect and support the rich cultural and religious heritage of the city”. Amaravati Temple and Buddha statue, Ananthavaram Temple, Neerukonda Hill, Kondapalli Fort, Undavalli Caves, Mangalagiri Temple and Kanakadurga Temple are the key destinations planned within the religious tourism circuit of the city.14 It has been further mentioned that this circuit will be connected through waterfronts and eco-tourism islands, via Bhavani Island and Undavalli Caves. Though OP/BP 4.11 mentions the Bank’s stipulation to “avoid structures/natural features and landscapes having archaeological (prehistoric), paleontological, historical, religious and unique natural values”, proper ascertainment has not been provided by both the GoAP’s Master Plan and the Bank whether the ancient sites will be altered to conform to the demands of the aggressive project design, especially pertaining to the Undavalli caves and Rock-Cut Temple which falls well within Amaravati capital city.
12 EPW (2017): Amaravati Threatens to March on Kondapalli, Economic and Political Weekly, 24 June13 World Bank (2017): Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment - Environmental and Social Manage-ment Framework (SESA-ESMF), February, pg. 5414 Amaravati Master Plan, Chapter 10, pg. 155
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4. Violation of OP/BP 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement
It is made aware through media at large that Amaravati Capital City Area development and construction activities will span over a period of 35-40 years involving various diverse sub-projects. Deliberating on the Bank’s SESA-ESMF and Resettlement Policy Framework documents15 notified in your website, a few questions arise:
• Has the SIA been finalized through detailed field supervision?• Other than the regular guidelines and fleeting promises regarding resettlement, has the Bank given due diligence to this colossal risky project with Category A status?• What are the measures sought by the Bank to address the evident gaps in SIA, and are the hidden risks contemplated of, and if so would they be disclosed to the project-affected communities?• What is the extent of democratic consultation and participation while designing SESA-ESMF? Do they really resonate with the directives given in the Bank’s own documents?16
The grave indiscretions directed at communities are emphasized here with specific reference to land acquisition, displacement of families and communities, loss of livelihoods, lack of attention on vulnerable groups and cultural displacement.
4.1. “The Government notified an extent of 8352.69 Sq.Kms as Andhra Pradesh Capital Region (CR) vide G.O.Ms.Nos. 253 & 207, dt. 30-12-2014 & 22-09-2015 which is meant for development under the provisions of APCRDA Act, 2014. The Capital Region includes 953 villages, 12 urban local bodies (2 Corporations, 2-Town areas, 8-Municipalities) of 26 Mandals in Guntur District and 30 Mandals in Krishna District. The Government notified an extent of 217.23 Sq.Kms as Andhra Pradesh Capital City Area (CA) vide G.O.Ms. Nos. 254 & 141, dt. 30-12-2014 & 09-06-2015 which is meant for construction of Capital City Development Project under the provisions of Land Pooling Scheme. The Capital City area falls
15 World Bank Amaravati Sustainable Infra-structure and Institutional Development Project Proj-ect and Operations http://projects.worldbank.org/P159808/?lang=en&tab=documents&subTab=archivalRe-cords16 World Bank (2017): Draft Resettlement Policy Framework, APCRDA, February, pg 28
in Guntur District (on the west of Old National Highway from Prakasam barraiage to Y-Junction at Mangalagiri. It covers 24 Revenue Villages and part of Tadepalli Municipality covering Mandals of Thullur, Mangalagiri and Tadepalli.17
The State has claimed from early 2015 that land will be acquired for the reason of public purpose only, and Amaravati will be developed as a People’s Capital. The validity of the CRDA Act, 2014 itself has been challenged as unconstitutional and contrary to the AP Reorganisation Act.18
The citizens are facing the acute errors of the promises of the Government from much early in this project, disregarding our choices and decisions, even from the instance of siting. When there were plenty of alternatives available for the State, siting a fertile food-belt area wilt multi-irrigated crops, displacing 20,000 families and unidentified others is intangible to the development falsely proposed to citizens of the State. The Bank has also failed to give a close look into these insights, violating OP/BP 4.12 D.1, when the siting of the capital city location gives no alternative to avoid displacement and the site itself is in a disadvantaged location. Across AP and India, several leaders, people’s representatives, experts and concerned groups have expressed their dissent to the State’s Chief Minister regarding the elbow-wrenching strategies forcefully used on people opposing land acquisition.19
The much acclaimed ‘Land Pooling’ is not what people required, as envisioned in the Master Plan, or lauded by the external authorities like the Bank, who are not part of communities. Several false reports and allegations are available in the media regarding this breach of an existing land law of India Land Acquisition Resettlement and Rehabilitation Act 2013 (LA ACT). The Land Ordinance repeatedly promulgated by the Government of India from January 2015 onwards has immensely helped the AP government in intimidating farmers. It is alleged that the Government should be accused of land-grabbing and has become land-brokers for private interests. Land Pooling was challenged through writ petitions and cases are still pending at the High Court of Guntur-Krishna districts. Experts, academicians, activists, NGOs have 17 APCRDA (2017): Amaravati Project Edition 2, March18 Writ Petition No 99 of 2015 currently pending in the High Court at Hyderabad19 NAPM (2017): Press Release - Appeal to Chief Minister to scrap Land Pooling Act, CRDA and fully im-plement the 2013 LAA-R&R Act , February
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also disputed the same. Recalling OP/BP 4.12 D.2, people reiterate that it has been not been in tandem with their realities. There was nil environmental or social impact assessments conducted. Though the State asserts that it held comprehensive consultations with urban development consultations and public organizations, there was only one public consultation held in January 2017 and four more such consultations were held while writing this document.20 Yet, these hasty hearings without due notice to the concerned groups, seemed like a farce especially when this point was highlighted in the previous IPN-Request No. RQ 17/04 [case with Inspection Panel of World Bank. The then released final draft of Bank’s ESF (August 2017) published in conjunction with the timing of these hearings raise abundant doubts.
4.2. Paying particular attention to displacement of Vulnerable Groups and landless families has been elucidated in OP/BP4.12 D. 4. But certain hidden revelations need to be brought to light regarding the outright caste discrimination of Dalits and other assigned land holders with respect to the compensation/rehabilitation as against the patta land holders in the process of pooling land for Andhra Pradesh Capital Region.21 They are not compensated through adequate national land compensation legislation. Given below are some stark observations by National Alliance of People’s Movements India (NAPM) during its fact finding studies:
20 Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority (2017) Public Notice on the safeguard docu-ments. August. The notice can be accessed here: http://tiny.cc/wqsd6y21 NAPM (2017): Press Release - Appeal to Chief Minister to scrap Land Pooling Act, CRDA and fully im-plement the 2013 LAA-R&R Act , February
It may be noted that according to GO MS No. 41, which was issued on 17. 02. 2015, there is a stark discrimination between the compensation promised for patta, assigned and government lands. Four different packages were announced for patta lands, assigned lands, lanka assigned lands and Government land. For every acre of patta jareebu land, 1000 sq. yards of residential space and 450 sq. yards of commercial space is promised. For every acre of assigned jareebu land, 800 sq. yards of residential space and 200 sq. yards of commercial space is promised. For every acre of assigned lanka jareebu land, 500 sq. yards of residential space and 100 sq. yards of commercial space is promised. Since some assigned lands don’t have proper records, they are being categorized as ‘Government lands’. For every acre of such land being cultivated by the farmer, just 250 sq. yards of residential space is promised.
However, all the assigned lands and lanka assigned lands are being cultivated since the time of British rule. The Government has been taking advantage of the fact that most of the people don’t have documents of the assigned lands. Since it is the poor and the Dalits who form the lion’s share of the assigned lands, the signatories alleged that this is as an outright discrimination by the State against the oppressed castes – the Dalits. The signatories demanded that the Government should uphold the letter and spirit of the Constitution instead of actively undermining the values, rights and entitlements enshrined in the Indian Constitution.
While the Dalits are economically discriminated on the basis of the size of reconstituted plots they will be compensated with, there is a whole social angle to this caste discrimination. In most villages, the Dalits were systematically given plots far away from the development area in low-lying areas while the upper castes were given costly plots at the centre of the development area. The letter feared that the rest of the villages also will face similar situation in the future, which is a re-creation of the caste structure in the villages. It is a shame and totally unacceptable and unconstitutional that the Government, which has a mandate to prevent and act against any form of discrimination is in fact actively promoting and perpetuating caste discrimination in the garb of ‘resettlement’, the letter states.
The Bank needs to amend OP/BP 4.12 D. 7, and is exhorted to hold the mentioned policy accountable.
Farmers handing over affidavits to Municipal Administration Minister P. Narayana at Nelapadu village in Thullur mandal in Guntur District on Friday. Farmers in this village became the first stakeholders by voluntarily giving consent letters to become part of the LPS to the Minister. Photo: T. Vijaya Kumar/The Hindu
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4.3. There have been peer-reviewed articles and findings of few fact-finding groups, and we have also borrowed extracts from their works which are cited in this document, since they well articulate anxieties of Amaravati citizens.
After the capital location was announced, the land values started rising steeply making land transactions a prominent activity from early November 2014. Within a month, the property dealers are known to have taken over 3,500 acres from farmers, involving more than `4,000 crore, “almost the entire amount paid in cash” (NAPM 2014).22 The rules were not made available in the local language. Short deadlines were set to pressurise farmers for speedy surrender of lands even before their implications were understood by them. The government exhibited a “rhetoric of urgency” to “justify the speeding up of law-making, regulations and policies to enable a new city to quickly materialize.”23 Second, it is widely believed that the land ordinance with several anti-farmer provisions was promulgated to coincide with the CRDA Act. It was argued that it was brought in as a “conspiracy” to enable the AP government to intimidate the farmers. In a democracy, “you don’t re-promulgate an ordinance. This (Union) Government did it thrice” (Devasahayam’s view as cited in Subramanyam and Varma 2015). The AP government extended the land pooling deadline eight times (Deccan Chronicle 2015c) till the ordinance lapsed. Third, a petition has been filed before the National Green Tribunal (NGT), New Delhi24 raising several environmental concerns. The NGT directed the state of AP “not to carry out any operations of the clearing of the land falling in the project area” without obtaining environmental clearance. The AP government, however, violated the order by levelling land and destroying crops in some villages. Despite this, the Prime Minister of India laid the foundation for the new capital.25
4.4. In AP, the Capital Region Development Authority (CRDA) is given “absolute power to acquire, sell, transfer, grant license or alienate the land” for the
22 NAPM (2014): “NAPM Fact-finding Committee Findings on AP Capital Region Land Issue,” undated. The committee visited 16 villages on 5–6 December 2014.23 Datta, A (2015): “New Urban Utopias of Postco-lonial India: ‘Entrepreneurial Urbanization’ in Dholera Smart City, Gujarat,” Dialogues in Human Geography, 5(1): 3–22.24 Application No 171 of 2015, National Green Tri-bunal at New Delhi.25 NGT Order dated 10 October 2015
purpose of development or redevelopment (Suchitra 2015).26 The land of our State is increasingly seen with new value internationally. It is not merely a transformation from agricultural land to industrial land; we realize that our lands are seen as ‘financial resources’ by the State to attract private international corporations and investors. The proposition to acquire land or in our case “pool” land from us, a majority of us being farmers, is a subtle strategy to lease large portions of our land to corporations for their profits. Have you really identified this concern of us, as how OP/BP 4.12 D. 5, D.6, explains? Displacement of our traditional farming occupations, increasing risks of unemployability when an IT-centric capital evolves, disappearance of small holdings and further bordering marginalization are increasing areas for our anxiety.
Considerations such as right to consent, caste composition in the sited areas, sustainability of communities’ cultural practices, demographic survey, have not been given due diligence in SESA_ESMF document. The Bank has neither prepared participatory appraisal processes, project and subproject component and mitigation measures, nor called out for the consent of restoration of livelihoods in alignment with OP/BP 4.12 D. 10.
5. Violation of OP/BP 4.36 - Forests
5.1. There are no distinguishing proposals or mention in the original Master Plan for enhancing the forest cover in area designated for capital city area. Inferring from Amaravati Master Plan, GoAP has submitted request to MoEFCC to de-notify 252 ha of land at Tadepalli Reserve Forests. Meanwhile, reports have also identified identical proposal to MoEFCC in 2015 regarding diversion of 12,444.89 ha forest land at Kondapalli Reserve for infrastructure purposes. GoAP wants to proceed with deforestation for developing bio-diversity parks, cultural and industrial park, cultural theme park, adventure eco-theme park, aerospace and green mobility industrial park, integrated infrastructure park and similar parks. This transgresses OP/BP. 4.36 since the plan involves significant conversion of critical notified and protected forests, which is, yet again, in conjunction with critical habitats category (mentioned in Section 2).
5.2. People’s affirmation is further supplemented based on Government of India’s (GoI) Forest Policy
26 Suchitra, M (2015): “Capital Punishment,” Down To Earth, 15 Feb.
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1988 to preserve our remaining natural forests. The proposals are also in direct conflict with the Indian Forest Right Act 1927 and the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006.It has to be noted that Kondapalli Reserve Forests indeed has communities dependent on forest produce for livelihood (Kondapalli Toys).27 Though AP Reorganization Act states that the Government can divert forestlands if no alternatives are available, this has been highly regarded as a weak justification for defending the ease of altering forest lands. Afforestation declared as compensation package in controversial Polavaram area is unreasonable, as identified by irrigation experts, as the terrain is difficult to irrigate and the experiences of earlier cultivation have been difficult. MoEF gave site clearance for the Polavaram dam in AP in October 2005. But the National Environment Appellate Authority quashed the environmental clearance to the dam because the mandatory public hearings were not held. When MoEF gave forest clearance to the project in July 2010, it turned out the Andhra Pradesh government had lied to obtain the clearance for the Polavaram project. It told MoEF 27 Kondapalli Toy making is an art of hand crafting, which has been around for five centuries, primarily based on figures of mythology, animals, birds, bullock carts, rural life. Tella Poniki, the soft wood for these dancing dolls is acquired from Kondapalli forests and the wood is seasoned for years. The artisans involved have migrated from the State of Rajasthan from 16th c.
there were no forest rights to be settled under Forest Rights Act in the project affected areas.28
5.3. The State (erstwhile undivided Andhra Pradesh) has also earlier flouted the Supreme Court orders regarding stay on deforestation (Report of CAG 2013).29 It has been ironically stated by GoAP Chief Minister that precious natural forests have become highly vulnerable to exploitation and degradation, and that it is the State’s responsibility to conserve the with its natural flora and fauna for this generation and posterity.30 We recognize this stark incoherence from State’s chief functionary31 statements as well and also resolutely urge the Bank to opt out from the project component.
28 Down To Earth (2015): Polavaram fraud, Accessed from: https://www.downtoearth.org.in/coverage/polavaram-fraud-3344429 Orders of Supreme Court were flouted by the Andhra Pradesh State Electricity Board, where the diversion of forestland in Nagarjunasagar Dam was allowed without prior permission of the Supreme Court http://www.cseindia.org/userfiles/unlocking-forests-does-CAF-Bill2015.pdf30 Andhra Pradesh State of Forest Report -201431 “The Central Government shall facilitate the creation of a new capital for the successor State of Andhra Pradesh, if considered necessary, by denotifying degraded forest land”, Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, Part X, 94 (4)
Superimposition of Capital City Master Plan on Satellite Image acquired from Google Earth. Visualisation: Debadityo Sinha/India Together
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Other than the aforementioned infringements of the Bank on its own environmental and social safeguards, a few implications need
to be established as well as propositions put forth to the Bank for better discernment of issues regarding Amaravati communities related to this project. More than a mere recapitulation of their concerns, which indeed looms throughout this entire document, we want to voice our resistance to ill-conceived projects undertaken by the borrower states and our contentions with the Bank’s inadequacy of existing policies which claim to supposedly serve the course of development in borrowing countries.
A. Lack of Public Consultation, Consent and Democratic Oversight
“The Requesters mention that only one consultation was held in January 2017 on the draft SESA-ESMF and draft RPF, and that only 150 persons out of an estimated 127,505 potentially affected people attended this consultation; five online comments were submitted. They allege intimidation at this consultation from security forces and state that some participants were forcibly turned away.”32
B. SIA not Addressed in WB-SESA ESMF
“The master plan proposes to distribute the 4.5 million people who will inhabit Amaravati by 2050 into 18 self-sustainable townships through integration of land use and transport planning. What is envisioned appears to be a highly regulated (and controlled?) city. Can such a city accommodate the urban informal sector and the poor/low-income people who migrate to the city in search of livelihood opportunities? Will Amaravati become a private city—32 World Bank (2017): Notice of Registration - IPN REQUEST RQ 17/04 India: Proposed Amaravati Sustainable Capital City Development Project (P159808)
planned, built (and even administered) by private/ foreign companies/governments? The Concept Note on Smart Cities by the Government of India specifies that most of the infrastructure in smart cities will be taken up “either as complete private investment or through PPPs” (public–private partnerships).”33
“To assume that Amaravati as a capital will attract 4 million migrants in the next 20 years is beyond belief.34
“The master plan also talks about creating 6,35,000 jobs by 2050 without spelling out how these jobs will come about (Ang Chit Sin et al 2015). The only concrete employment option that has been spelt out in the document refers to capitalising on the key tourist attractions: on river Krishna, the scenic islands (riverbed tourism), historic Undavalli caves, Kanaka Durga temple, Amaravati Buddha statue, Kondapalli fort, and so forth. Even if the promises are delivered, these jobs are not going to be helpful for the displaced workers of Amaravati region, but will be beneficial to a small class of professional workers. The government documents say that all displaced workers will be “reskilled” in order to accommodate them in the proposed industries of the new city and the region. The AP Skill Development Corporation (APSDC) will be established to reskill the workers. 2009). The most likely scenario is that workers (small farmers, tenants, landless and non-agricultural workers) will be released into the larger world, leaving their labour up for grabs, and as targets of intense exploitation.”35
C. Violation of Constitution of India and other Laws
The following are the National/State Policies, Laws and Regulations listed in the Bank’s own SESA_ESMF document, which are found to be violated. Also listed among them are the new laws/acts with amendments as well, to accommodate and/or circumnavigate various issues in the larger project design. There are many others which do not presently fall under the scope of this document since they warrant attention at sub-project levels.
33 “Draft Concept Note on Smart City Scheme,” Revised as on 3 December 2014, Work under Progress, http://indiansmartcities.in.34 Ramachandraiah, C (2015):” Andhra Pradesh’s Master Plan for Its New Capital”, Speculation and Weak Foundations” EPW, 19 Sep35 Vakulabharanam, Vamsi (2017): “Babu’s Camelot: Amaravati and the Emerging Capitalist Dynamics in ‘New’ Andhra Pradesh”, EPW, January
Several villagers staged protest at Capital Region Development Authority (CRDA) office in Vijayawada in January 8, 2016 protesting against the draft master plan of Amaravati by raising slogans that the proposed road connectivity in the capital may damage the archaeological site of Undavalli caves and expressing doubts over the existence of several houses in the villages. Photo: The Hans India
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Laws Status of Violation
Andhra Pradesh State Action Plan for Climate Change, 2012 Been violated
APCRDA Act, 2014 New
The Andhra Pradesh Capital City Land Pooling Scheme (Formulation And Implementation) Rules, 2015 Violating Central LARR Act 2013
Constitution of India - Article 39 (A), Article 47, Article 48 (A), Article 51 (A), Article 21 Violated
National Water Policy, 2012 Violated
Forest Policy, 1988 Violated
National Action Plan for Climate Change, 2008 Violated
Environment Protection Act, 1986 Violated
EIA Notification 2006 and Environmental Clearance Violated
Forest Conservation Act, 1980 Violated
The Water (Prevention Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977 Violated
Air Act 1981 Violated
National Wetland Rules, 2010 Violated
Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 Foreseen
National Disaster Management Act, 2005 Foreseen
National Green Tribunal Act 2010 Cases pending
Right To Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act ,2013
Gravely violated; Case with Supreme Court from 2018 on the AP State Land Amendment Bill
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D. Coercion, Intimidation
“While the LPS was supposed to be voluntary, the AP government has relied heavily on using police as an instrument of coercion and intimidation along with several tactics which have come to be locally known as the “mind game” which has, probably, few parallels in India in recent years. The large absentee landowners, who left agriculture and have been leasing out lands and belong to the upper-caste support base of the TDP in the Thullur area, were the early ones to come forward to join land pooling. The government has claimed that it has entered into MoUs with several foreign and Indian companies, worth about `5 lakh crore by offering thousands of acres of public land.”36
“To analyse the twin strategies of speculation and intimidation/ coercion, we have drawn heavily from print media reports, government orders, master plan documents, field visits, and interviews with local activists and farmers.”37
36 Times of India (2016a): “AP Land Bank Grows 3 Times in a Year, Boosts Industrialisation Plans,” Times of India, 13 January37 Ramachandraiah, C (2016):”Amaravati- A Landscape of Speculation and Intimidation”, EPW, April
“The TDP organised an interactive meeting of the farmers with the chief minister at Hyderabad on 18 November 2014. The outcome was “disappointing” and his “promise of transforming farmers into industrialists did not go down well” (Times of India 2014b). A farmer from Krishnayapalem recalled with shock and dismay that the chief minister’s attitude was highly authoritarian.”38 More reports are available on media - Chandrababu Naidu reportedly said, “Prepare a comprehensive action plan with measures which are to be initiated legally against the people working against the capital city. We shall not spare such forces.”39
This statement has come out followingthe Chief Minister’s recent remarks about him “not hesitating” to ignore villagers and farmers of Andhra Pradesh, their connectivity to roads and non-availability of pensions, if they do not vote for his (TDP) party.
38 EPW (2016): A Landscape of Speculation and Intimidation: Making of Amaravati, Economic and Political Weekly, April 2339 http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/ap-cm-threatens-action-against-those-complaining-about-amaravati-project-alleges-conspiracy
A scan of the news report published in the Times of India dated July 3, 2017.
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Complaint registered with the Inspection Panel – Quick Look: 2017
In May 2017, few landowners and farmers registered a complaint with the Inspection Panel with a request for Inspection, as a result of the
Bank’s non-compliance with its environmental and social policies in preparation of the proposed project. The Panel registered the request on June 12, 2017, and received the Management Response to the request on July 21, 2017.
A Panel team visited India from September 12-15, 2017, and met with the requesters and other potentially affected community members, farmers who support the LPS and their representatives, representatives of the World Bank Country Office, officials from the Ministry of Finance and from the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority, the agency responsible for developing the city, as well as civil society representatives.
On September 27, 2017, the Panel submitted its Report and Recommendation to the World Bank Board of Executive Directors that recommended “carrying out an investigation into the alleged issues of harm and related potential non-compliance with Bank policies, especially relating to involuntary resettlement.” On November 27, 2017, Bank management submitted to the Panel an addendum that offered clarifications, an update on project preparation and additional actions to “complement and clarify” the actions presented in its July 21, 2017, response in order to fully address the Requesters’ concerns. Management indicated the addendum was based on recent field missions and discussions
with the Panel. After reviewing the addendum, the Panel submitted an updated Report and Recommendation to the Board. Based on the addendum and the proposed actions, the Panel deferred its recommendation for up to six months as to whether an investigation is warranted. The Board on December 12, 2017, approved the Panel decision to defer its recommendation and to report back to the Board in the next six months.40
Since then, the Panel is yet to publish its recommendations, even after more than a year now.
40 http://ewebapps.worldbank.org/apps/ip/Pages/ViewCase.aspx?CaseId=126
Gonzalo Castro de la Mata, Chairman of World Bank’s Inspection Panel, Jan Mattsson, Member of the Panel, Dilek Barlas, Executive Secretary, and Birgit Kuba, Operations Officer listening to the grievances of the affected communities at the Amaravati. Photo: The Hans India
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Memorandum submitted to The Inspection Panel during their visit in
September 2017Demands from Affected Communities
and Peoples’ Groups against the Impositions of the Bank
We reiterate and exact appropriate responses and actions from the Bank in lieu of the following precise abysmal risks glaring
back at us and all the fraternal groups in solidarity with deep concern for our land, livelihoods and survival.
1. We strongly hold the World Bank and AIIB accountable for the already existing and impending crucial consequences of this mammoth capital city project with its flawed project design, based on its own environmental and social safeguards.
2. Despite repeated communication, appeals, court stay order and pending cases at the NGT, the GoAP has already proceeded with construction activities and laying out infrastructure in an accelerated mechanism, involving sub-projects and components, which highly falls in the purview of the Bank’s scope - its Urban Pro-Poor Infrastructure goal for the project. This is a very disturbing trend of the Bank for proceeding with support for the government without paying heed to the resistances of the project affected communities and circumventing the prevailing legal orders against the project. Also, as understood from the Bank’s own statement, it has executed a trust fund of $ 0.17 million for financing the preparatory works of project.
3. We do not hesitate to direct our charges against the World Bank and AIIB on lending to the catastrophic project where we are witnessing now the forced Land Pooling Scheme to amass vast parcels of land for development across one of the richest fertile food belts of India.
4. We demand that the Bank revoke its support from the project, which would surely pave the way for the disruption of the natural state of a sensitive ecosystem including remodelling reserve forests by felling trees and building bio/industrial/techno/sports parks, along with your negligence towards our foresight of frequent floods triggered to an acute degree.5. Displacement and ‘resettling’ of around 20,000 families in the guise of returning ‘developed’ residential and commercial lands in the absence of a guarantee and struggling in the tentacle grip of realtors, middlemen, goondas of real estate sector are serious concerns raised. The Bank presenting multiple plans on involuntary resettlement against these issues without public consultations or consent is vehemently questionable.
6. We have mentioned that the creation of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority Act (APRCDA Act 2014) was against the Land Acquisition Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013 along with the tweaked amendments. We are aware
Left: A photo from November 2014 of the fertile fields of Uddandarayunipalem. Right: Buildings have now come up on plots given up for the Land Pooling Scheme, while farming in these fields has stopped. Photos: Rahul Maganti/PARI
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that, as and when project components materialise, existing laws are amended at the State, or there is a complete irreverence to the nation-specific policies. We fiercely question this disregard for the Bank for our policies and laws, which were strenuously formulated by our national leaders during our times of national and regional struggles.
7. The lack of a Resettlement Policy Plan and the inadequate addressing of the Bank against the uprooting of Dalit families from 600-year-old occupied islands and not assigning them return lands will lead directly to the creation of a wide marginalised community of informal sector on the outskirts of the capital city with no regard to their dignity, efforts and labour.
8. We want to draw the attention of the Bank to the contemptuous promises made by the Government to upgrade skills of project affected people of which farmers are majority, by wrenching their agricultural lands from them and introducing new ‘industrial and technological’ skills. The statistics of increase in land value, population and employment rates are highly speculated, and studies based on other references on recent capital cities of India affirm our case. We are resolute when we ask the Bank to reconsider stop investing in this project based on highly inflated statistics that are borrowed from the development models of foreign countries (Japan, Singapore).
9. We do not wish to sell our land to foreign players with diversified investments, MoUs and interests, in the name of ‘development’. Our State Government, who should have been supporting the citizens who elected them, refrain from giving attention to our calls. We assert that we will continue exhorting the Bank for proceeding with this ill-conceived project, against the greater interests of the people in Amaravati.
Meanwhile, Social Activist Medha Patkar, Former Power Secretary Dr. EAS Sarma, Goldman Prize awardee Prafulla Samanthra, Retired Scientist from Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT) Dr. Babu Rao, and 42 other representatives of various people’s movements, civil society organisations, and concerned citizens wrote to the Executive Directors of the World Bank Group to draw urgent attention to various irregularities surrounding the proposed capital city construction. They strongly expressed that the suggestions of the Panel’s report for a full investigation into the violations of the Bank’s operating policies must be followed by the Board and that the Board should not undermine the mandate of its own
accountability mechanism. They further expressed their astonishment of the Bank’s silence on Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister N Chandrababu Naidu’s instruction to the Capital Region Development Authority (CRDA) to firmly deal with the people who filed complaints with the World Bank. The signatories of the letter held the World Bank and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), a co-financier of the project, accountable for the already existing and impending crucial consequences of this mammoth capital city project and demanded that the concerns of the project affected communities be considered; faulty ‘voluntary’ Land Pooling Scheme be withdrawn; Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority Act (APRCDA Act 2014) be abolished.41
41 http://www.cenfa.org/press-releases/csos-approach-wb-on-amaravati-capital-city-project/
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Updates from the Ground as shared by Capital Region Farmers Federation
2018-2019
1. A new document has been released for the Amaravati project with a new title, Amaravati Sustainable Infrastructure and Institutional Development Project (ASIIDP,) without a change in project number: http://tiny.cc/xkjf6y
2. In this document, unfortunately, zilch progress is seen from the Bank towards addressing BP/OP 4.12 except recycling old arguments that are totally baseless. The World Bank and Inspection Panel has not yet shared the World Bank’s independent assessment on the Land Pooling Scheme (LPS), conducted by Geoffrey Payne in early 2018. So far, documents regarding this are not seen anywhere, but communities remain confident that most of these assessments are biased/arbitrary and some are deceptive. There is a new line of information in this updated PID/ISDS – “The proposed World Bank loan of $300 million will focus on three strategic areas: (i) providing quality infrastructure to ensure that global knowledge is built into technical designs of major infrastructure investments; (ii) supporting the set-up of an institutional structure that can lead to the establishment of an empowered and effective local government; and, (iii) supporting an inclusive benefit sharing system for all residents of the region.” It is also clearly detailed that ASIIDP comprises of five
components including who brings how much to meet this total investment need of US$ 715 million apart from World Bank, AIIB, GoAP. It means, scope of the project (in terms of interventions) has been massively expanded to ruin the lives of 140,000 people.
3. It was stated that there are independent assessments, without providing any details. Further, it was stated that the Bank has confirmed completion of appraisal vide their letter dated 07 January 2019 addressed to the Chief Secretary of Andhra Pradesh State. Citizens ask - Without checking the authenticity of the assessment documents and information presented in those documents that supports this loan/PID, as well as without proper public consultations, how come World Bank appraise those documents? On one hand Project Affected People have been constantly informed that the project is in the initial stages of preparation, but how could Bank Management complete project appraisal without sharing final assessment reports? As the Bank Management has now given their appraisal for the project by jointly collaborating with GoAP, it is necessary to ascertain the correctness of those documents and assessment reports. Farmers relentlessly claim that a number of statements made in those reports are contradictory and warrants an investigation. And this has to be verified on ground by
A sign in Undavalli argues against the land pooling process. All farmers there have multi-crop, arable land. Photo: Mridula Chari/Scroll
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the Inspection Panel through site visits. Evidences are ready to be produced to the Panel, where GoAP/World Bank/ASIIDP violated a number of Acts/rules/laws/policies including directives from National Green Tribunal (NGT). While many cases are pending in the State’s High Court and Supreme Court of India, how could World Bank management consider appraisal of the project when an investigation is necessary at this point?
4. Natural Habitats OP/BP 4.04 of World Bank is triggered, as ASIIDP project is using flood plains for infrastructure, especially for road infrastructure? Inspection Panel witnessed this on the ground during their previous visit to the site. In some sections, they are draining the water continuously to build road infrastructure - https://youtu.be/elKTaNdOPfc.
5. Similarly, Indigenous Peoples OP/BP 4.10 – groups have provided a lot of information in their communications previously, but this updated PID/ISDS blatantly refuses to acknowledge such groups exist. The Capital Region Farmers Federation [CRFF] and People’s Watch of Andhra Pradesh [PWAP] have submitted a number of comments/suggestions/concerns with regard to Environmental & Social Management Framework (ESMF); Draft Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF); Social Impact Assessment- Resettlement Action Plan for 10 sub-arterial Roads; Social Impact Assessment – Resettlement Action Plan for Flood Management Works; and Environmental Assessment and Environmental Management Plan (EAEMP) for 10 sub-arterial roads proposed under ASCCDP (now ASIIP). These submissions were from individuals and groups/sections of the people who were impacted by ASIIP/ASCCDP. But so far there were no responses received. In many instances, Inspection Panel was copied of these correspondences.
6. The Project-level Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) totally failed to address the concerns that were raised in various forums from the beginning of ASIIP/ASCCDP project. Groups see that none of these concerns and suggestions were taken into account. During farmers’ last meeting with the World Bank personnel and APCRDA on 23 October in Vijayawada (at Vasavya Mahila Mandal premises, which is GRM here), they were quite reluctant to consider any of these concerns, and suggestions.
7. Further, updated PID/ISDS of ASIIDP project,
#13 in Page 8 says, it will support the Government of India’s vision of empowering city governance structure in the long term, through the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act (CAA) of 1992, which positioned urban local governments to become key institutions of political representation and service delivery. ASIIDP completely violates the 74th CAA and in fact destroyed 29 local bodies of Andhra Pradesh and their representation in the project.
8. As part of LPS, returnable plots have been allocated but development around those is “zero”. No beneficiary till date has taken physical position of their returnable plots. There is no choice to 2nd party (farmer) as Government (1st party) always dictates the terms. The 2nd party is unable to approach court or for other legal assistance. Unfortunately, this is the reality of LPS in Amaravati. This clearly shows, there is no clarity on the returnable plots, and its dimensions till date. How could farmer surrender their rights for something that does not exist on ground, even after 4 years of the capital city project?
9. In the addendum to World Bank’s Management response issued on 27 November 2017 (http://tiny.cc/h2jf6y), Page 2, point #4, (a) Community engagement and monitoring to address potential coercion and other implementation issues, there are a number of gaps. The following are being completely overlooked.
i. Citizens Advisory Committee: PWAP and PAP/PAFs are constantly requesting for their representation in this committee. But so far, no action has been taken. Instead APCRDA has filled this committee with members who are some way related with current ruling party (TDP) of Andhra Pradesh Government. This committee has failed to meet its objectives listed in their Terms of Reference. What can World Bank, IFIs, PAP/PAF, and a common man expects from this Citizens Advisory Committee?
ii. Engage a local independent party to obtain additional information on any potential coercion/Engage independent local professionals to visit affected villages to monitor concerns and feedback: How can Vasavya Mahila Mandal (VMM), the GRM, be engaged t for these two purposes? Could a single NGO be likely to be expected to perform these two tasks? VMM has totally failed to engage vulnerable groups to restore livelihoods of those impacted by ASCCDP. Many incidents of coercion have been reported since January 2018. There are several
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atrocities that were committed by the GoAP and its police force. One such gory incident on Nandigam Suresh could be seen in this video with his own explanation https://youtu.be/OdIdrrVUtbw. PWAP and PAP/PAFs see this as a complete compromise of ethics and morals of VMM who has surrendered itself to APCRDA/GoAP. They have lost their credibility and trust to continue in ASCCDP any longer. A detailed investigation on the functioning of these Institutions and Committees is essential. How could one expect these institutions provide basic justice to the people who are affected by Amaravati capital city project, more specifically ASCCDP? There is an uprise of farmers who has given their lands under LPS, but it is constantly being suppressed by GoAP using its intelligence units.
Farmers ask what specific actions have been taken by the World Bank management to protect the interest of affected people and communities. A latest incident was on 13 September 2018, wherein a main water pipeline for irrigation of agricultural lands was broken down on purpose at Road E16 near Nidamarru village. The video is available at https://youtu.be/E1cYZgPQ6gE. iii. Support creation of a Project-level Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM): PWAP informed several times through a number of communications, GRM has totally failed to address the needs on ground and is a complete failure. It was quite rosy on paper, but absent in action. iv. Increase the frequency of preparation missions and do outreach with stakeholders to solicit feedback on issues: These missions lack complete action. People do not see any productivity from these missions of the World Bank Management in Delhi. Instead of reducing inequalities and poverty, such missions from the World Bank are widening the inequalities and increasing the poverty. World Bank is completely ignoring Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), where we as humanity as abided to these principles, groups question.
10. Failure of livelihood support programmes and assurances made under LPS: Apart from these, under LPS, APCRDA assured the following for landless agricultural laborers and households in the Capital City area are eligible to receive a combination of livelihood restoration benefits. Almost all landless families have challenges in accessing these benefits, and their current situation is worse than
pre-Capital City status. Both APCRDA and the World Bank failed to assess the livelihood restoration for landless agricultural labourers, this video https://youtu.be/0E4HM9zAKHk further corroborates with this observation. Following is a detailed status of these till date.
(i) A pension of INR 2,500 is being given to landless labourers. But this is being distributed once every 2 to 3 months. Also, the amount is not sufficient as the costs per family increased to INR 12,000 per month after the announcement of the Capital. There is no assurance that, it would continue after the State elections in 2019.
(ii) Employment guarantee• Employment was guaranteed for one person per family in the capital region. This is irrespective of LPS farmers, non-LPS farmers, landless labors, and Dalits. But this has not been realized till date.• Government assured daily employment and fixed wage through the establishment of nurseries, but these are not functioning anymore, except the one at Venkatapalem. PWAP would like to question, how many people will be provided with an employment by each nursery.
(iii) Interest free loan of up to 25 lakhs to all the poor families for self-employment not at all implemented. There is no facility to access interest-free loans for setting up enterprises till date.
(iv) Access to skill upgrading and training opportunities: Skill development sessions were an eye wash program and it failed miserably to generate the wage employment as promised. Although data was presented on APCRDA website, self-employment cannot be considered as an “employment” as there is no constant assured revenue per month. In the self-employment, risks are high. Further, there is a question around, how this could be linked with Skill Development? In any case, APCRDA website shows, about 1,425 have been employed till date including self-employment. This needs a serious investigation.
(v) Provision of subsidized food in all the 29 villages: Only 3 canteens have been established (except the one temporary secretariat, IGC in Velagapudi) and they are not serving 100% of poor and pending to establish such canteens at the rest of capital villages.
(vi) Free access to medical and educational benefits in designated facilities: The assurance on “Fee
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reimbursement for all the children” whoever are studying in the capital region has not been realized to date. About 6,000 students have been identified to be benefitted as part of this scheme. Only 33 have been supported till date. Similar story in the case of “fee reimbursement” scheme. Free access to medical is not happening at all. The issued health cards are not valid.
(vii) Although the LPS promises to allocate 5% of land pooled to affordable housing for the poor, only 1,680.90 acres have been allocated in the Draft Detailed Master Plan for “weaker section housing” (i.e., for those living below the poverty line) but failed to notify the location of those lands.
(viii) No initiative on setting up of an old age homes.
(ix) Livelihood improvement plan: It was assured that a livelihood improvement plan will be prepared for all those interested farmers receiving base annuity less than INR 75,000/- and the landless labourers receiving monthly pensions, by January 2018. It is important to note that majority of farmers under LPS/LA owns only 1 to 2 acres and their annuity is less than INR 75,000 per annum and there is no livelihood improvement plan as of today. Further, APCRDA shall restore livelihood improvement to pre-displacement level of project before starting of the implementation of a project. What actions has been taken by APCRDA and VMM in this regard till date. Refer to a recent article on this available at https://ruralindiaonline.org/articles/a-wasteland-of-lost-farm-work. Further, one could hear the latest feedback from the farmers on ground, available at https://youtu.be/SBPGJEMYwz0. There is another video of farm labourers and farm workers providing their feedback on the assurances given to them, which is available at https://youtu.be/0E4HM9zAKHk. These two videos are in Telugu, but these videos summarize the issues very clearly.
11. Objections on Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF):
I. The Final Draft Resettlement Policy Framework, http://tiny.cc/folf6y only covers the impacts and mitigation measures related to
lands being acquired through LARR and negotiated settlement, and not to those that are part of the LPS despite it was specifically committed in the management response to the Inspection panel in September/November 2017. As per the BP/OP 4.12, the terms of the compensation has to be “Where the borrower has offered to pay compensation to an affected person in accordance with an approved resettlement plan, but the offer has been rejected, the taking of land and related assets may only proceed if the borrower has deposited funds equal to the amount offered as compensation plus 10 percent in a secure form of escrow or other interest-bearing deposit satisfying the Bank’s fiduciary requirements. The borrower must also provide a means satisfactory to the Bank for resolving the dispute concerning the offer of compensation in a timely and equitable manner.” This means, APCRDA has to follow the legal framework covering resettlement and the policies of the government and implementing agencies.
II. In page 4, para 1 of Final Draft Resettlement Policy Framework, it was stated that “A new state administration was set up to govern the new state, and the development of a new administrative center, Amaravati Capital City, was announced”, clarifications are sought as to why APCRDA/GoAP need 217 square kilometers (53,677 acres) for the development of an administrative center? The groups ask whether the Bank could provide a definition of administrative center? When there were developed cities such as Vijayawada at a distance of 30 km, and Guntur at a distance of 18 km to the new proposed Capital City, what additionally is that Amaravati Capital City is going to serve?
III. The Article 2 and Article 3 of the Constitution of India confer exclusive and plenary powers upon the Parliament to form or establish or to completely alter and destroy the identity of the existing states. A state legislature, as per Clause (e) of Article 3 of the Constitution, cannot even change the name of the state. It is within the exclusive domain of the Parliament to form any state, set boundaries, and name a state in the Union as defined in Article 1 of the Constitution. The power to establish a capital of a state is inherent to, and inseparable from, the power conferred upon the Parliament under Articles 2, Article 3 and Article 4 of the Constitution. The subject matter of establishing a capital of a new state formed by the parliament by law is not covered by any Entry in List-II of the Schedule-VII of the Constitution - http://tiny.cc/z3lf6y. It is specifically because the
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capital of a state shall foster to the needs of all sections/strata’s of the society/residents of the state without any political discrimination as to the development of a particular region/part of such state. Therefore, only the Parliament can, by law, establish a capital of a newly reconstituted state, which after reconstitution and reorganisation by enacting a law, under Article 3(a)(c)(d) of the Constitution, it has lost its erstwhile capital city. It is stated that neither the State Legislature nor Executive is competent, under any Entry of List-II of the State List of Schedule-VII of the Constitution, to establish a capital for such state. Therefore, clauses (1), (3) and (4) of Section 3 and Clause (6) of Section 2 of the APCRDA, Act, to the extent these provisions establish and demarcate a new capital city and/or capital region for the new state of Andhra Pradesh, are ultra vires to the provisions of Article 245 and Article 246 of the Constitution of India read with Article 3 and Article 4 of the Constitution.
IV. In naming capital cities, State Government must seek a no-objection from central government before issuing a Gazette notification. No such procedure is followed till date. State issued a Gazette on 23 April 2015 under G.O MS No. 97. Further, the new capital city name is not yet officially recognized by Indian postal services. Please be informed that there is another temple town called “Amaravati”, which was also recognized as heritage city by Govt of India, and is about 10 km away from current unofficial capital.
V. In page 4, para 3 it was stated that “At the time of the announcement of the Capital City the area predominantly consisted of agricultural fields, mainly with commercial crops.”, communities requested the World Bank Management and APCRDA to revisit this statement as the crops were predominantly for food security. Also, before making such statement, it needs to be ensured that such data is supported by statistical back up. The fertile lands that are being ruined currently is the green belt that used to produce 120 different types of crops and is multi crop irrigated land. How could all the private and public banks in this area would have given loan to the farmers erstwhile, if the lands were not fertile and if they would not have provided food security, inquire the farmers.
12. Violation of National Acts/Rules, Policies, Directives, and also Court orders:
12.1. With regard to the flood mitigation works, there is a clear directive from the National Green
Tribunal (NGT) as per its Judgement Pronounced on 17th November 2017. It emphasized that APCRDA shall conduct a comprehensive study on hydrogeomorphology of the area with a view to effectively plan water retention ponds/reservoirs, storm water drains and their interconnectivity, so as to optimize water conservation, both surface and sub-surface.
So far APCRDA failed to conduct such a study and has tried to change the water courses. As a result, because of rains, even for just 3 to 4 mm of rain fall per day, the whole capital region was flooded, and newly formed roads are being swamped under water. The power pumps that were installed at Undavalli are not going to serve the purpose because the flow is very slow because of the catchment topography. The pumps shall be stopped every two minutes once as there is not enough water to lift from the stream. It is all the more important that hydrogeomorphology of the catchment area is conducted as per the directives and is an important activity. It is unfortunate that even the World Bank is faulted on this directive of NGT. The current flood mitigation interventions being executed on ground under the proposed ASCCDP are in fact increasing the risks of flooding in the capital city area.
Farmers and affected communities emphasize that, as per the NGT Judgement Pronounced on 17th November 2017, following points were stated:
(i) The project proponent, AP CRDA, shall conduct or cause to be conducted a comprehensive study on hydrogeomorphology of the area with a view to effectively plan water retention ponds/reservoirs, storm water drains and their interconnectivity, so as to optimize water conservation, both surface and sub surface. APCRDA hasn’t conducted such a study till date.
(ii) Any alteration of the flood plains by construction of storm water drains, retention ponds and related development within the capital city should be done only after conducting a study. Without such a study, even World Bank has failed to follow.
(iii) No alteration of the river or natural storm water morphology, flow pattern and location by way of straightening shall be permitted, as such alteration may result in increase of soil erosion, sediment transport due to raised velocity and decrease in
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ground water recharge which may reduce base flow during the dry season.
(iv) No alteration to the pre-existing embankments if any should be permitted except as may be required for its strengthening for flood protection of the proposed Capital City. Even such exercise should be undertaken after detailed study of the flood pattern and hydraulics of the river or the storm water drains. (v) All the hills and hillocks in the catchment area of KondaveetiVagu, its tributaries and other storm water drains/channels should be treated with intensive soil and water conservation measures including afforestation so as to minimize surface run off and improve ground water recharge. What are the afforestation measures proposed? Two committees have to be formed as stated by NGT, one to supervise the work and the other to implement and process. So far, these committees are fully ignored. The people consider it’s a pity that the World Bank joined this bandwagon that continued to ignore the directives of highest environmental body of a nation.
12.2. The honorable High Court of the State has clearly provided directions on land acquisition. APCRDA has continued to mislead the orders by stating “No evidence to confirm this ever occurred. No contempt of court issues, which would have arisen from such action, have been recorded by CRDA.” It is a total failure of APCRDA to acknowledge these judgements. Following are ten cases and there are another ten cases pending in the high court. You could search these WP numbers online and related judgements. WP No 15820 of 2017, WP No 25138 of 2018, WP No 22283 of 2018, WP No 24738 of 2018, WP No 22107 of 2018, WP No 23616 of 2018, WP No 21542 of 2018, WP No 23872 of 2018, WP No 23467 of 2018, WP No 23177 of 2018.12.3. Public Property cannot be allotted to Profit-Oriented Institutions for Free, says Supreme Court of India. Refer to the article http://tiny.cc/s6mf6y.
12.4. How come the World Bank has become a part of GoAP Government Order (GO) 320?
I. LPS is a GO, but not an Act till date. So, the Government cannot acquire land using LPS. Therefore, GoAP has come up with 22 of 2018
Act, which has not come into force till today. The same has been challenged in the High Court of Andhra Pradesh, where it has been dismissed. The same Act has been now challenged in the Supreme Court in New Delhi by Medha Patkar and Sheshgiri Rao garu, refer to Diary no 42134 of 2018 Medha Patkar & Ors. Vs. UOI & Ors. Further, the rules and regulations of 22 of 2018 Act have also been challenged, refer to Diary No 4085 of 2019. While these cases are pending in the court, how could World Bank be part of the Government (through GO 320) and interfere with the legal aspects of the land?
II. GoAP issued a Government Order (GO), G.O.MS.No. 275 and 320 (dated 19 September 2018) without the consent of World Bank, approved the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) and Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) to enable the APCRDA to avail World Bank assistance for ASCCDP. There were a number of mistakes and wrong information quoted in RPF and ESMF. On 23 October 2018, World Bank personnel confirmed to PWAP and PAP/PAFs that these documents are yet to be finalized by the World Bank management. Without the consent of World Bank, how could GoAP/APCRDA pass such GOs?
III. People of Amaravati along with CRFF, PWAP and PAP/PAFs demand the World Bank to correct the flaws and accountable for the implementation of World Bank own rules and policies as well as national rules. They exhort the Bank to make sure that all the assurances are implemented by APCRDA, but not collude with them in crime against humanity and environment.
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Finding an amicable solution in moving forward (2019): an appeal from affected
communities o Even today, people do not consider it is late. They urge to follow an inclusive approach to convince those constantly raising objections on this green field project that is ruining the life and livelihoods of the poor farmers. CRFF, PWAP, PAP/ could take an extra mile provided APCRDA comes forward to follow the rule and ensure PAP/PAFs are compensated as per market value. Provide justice to all the sections of the people i.e. 118,000 people, and not only 22,000 farmers.
o Dissolve the current Citizens Advisory Committee with immediate effect and ensure it is more inclusive. People from various political parties, NGOs, and CRFF/PWAP must be included and given a role.
o If APCRDA really wants to realise the dream of Amaravati Capital and/or ASCCDP, why do they encourage farmers and other persons affected to approach court? All the issues that the farmers and people have been fighting, could easily be addressed by APCRDA. We call upon APCRDA and the World Bank to resolve these issues.
o So far, LPS is considered as a private agreement between a farmer and the component authority, and violates many fundamental articles of Indian constitution in the form as it is being devised. Provide legal guarantees to LPS. Irrespective of the party that rules GoAP after 2019 elections, processes must continue the momentum. It cannot be assumed that the present ruling political party, Telugu Desam Party, will be in power after May 2019. It is going to be a different challenge altogether.
o World Bank is compelled to provide legal help and support to the PAP in resolving the legal matters related with various land procuring measures that were deployed. CRFF/PWAP could facilitate the process between appointed lawyer by the World Bank and PAP/PAF.
o In the current documentation, RFP, ESMP - World Bank Policy on Involuntary Resettlement BP/OP 4.12 has been conveniently watered-down in the case of LPS. There are double standards
followed in the Compensation Valuation under different policies.
o Currently 30,774 returnable plots were registered (among this, there are a number of re-registrations, so the actual number is lower) against 62,571. That means, registration rate is 49%. This is of the total 33,000 acres. Farmers demand, could World Bank confirm LPS was successful? What happens to Bank’s investment made on the roads and flood mitigation works on the remaining private lands that were not surrendered to APCRDA yet? Could World Bank provide loan to ruin the lives and livelihoods? Remaining farmers who own their agricultural lands could approach the court anytime to cancel their consent and start cultivation on those lands. There are many lapses in the entire process of APCRDA and GoAP. The risk of Bank’s investment is too high, and it cannot be assumed that farmers will not pull APCRDA and GoAP to the court, time and again.
o Please address all the concerns and objections that were raised by PAF/PAP at various forums, a number of submissions were made.
o APCRDA/GoAP continue to intimidate, apply all sorts of coercion and threat is being created in the minds of the people, not to speak openly about Amaravati. Citizens understand that GoAP could go to any extent in safeguarding the brand and image of Amaravati.
o CRFF and PWAP appeal to the World Bank to share Geoffrey Payne’s independent assessment on the Land Pooling Scheme (LPS).
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Unexpected Political Promises and Upheaval in Progress
When the city of Hyderabad, the political and economic capital of previous Andhra Pradesh, became the capital of Telangana State in 2014, the Chief Minister from Telugu Desam Party (TDP) of newly divided Andhra Pradesh had explicitly sought out to the Central Government for ‘special status category’ to build Amaravati capital city. The ruling party which was Congress at the centre then had denied and the opposition party, the Bharatiya Janata Party, BJP had then extended their support to TDP for this status. Ironically, after BJP came to power at the centre in 2014 general elections, they rejected TDP’s request for the same and this led to a widening rift between the two political factions. The Andhra Chief Minister keeps challenging the faction for their false promises and their partnership broke.
Yet, last week in Andhra Pradesh, BJP in its election manifesto for 2019 for the State of Andhra Pradesh, has promised that they will give back the land that was allegedly taken by the State Government “through deceit” for the construction of Amaravati, to those who request for it.42 Backlashes for the capital city project and the reckless manner in which it is pursued keep increasing in the State.43
42 ht tp s : / / w w w. t heh i ndu. c om / ne w s / c i t i e s /Vijayawada/return-of-amaravati-land-tops-bjp-agenda/article26649900.ece43 https://www.news18.com/news/politics/piyush-goyal-challenges-chandrababu-naidu-for-debate-on-nda-govts-aid-for-andhra-pradesh-2078607.html
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This brief report of Centre for Financial Accountability New Delhi is aimed to throw light on the critical lapses and breaches which have been committed during the design, pre-appraisal and Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment – Environment and Social Management Framework (SESA-ESMF) procedures for Project PI59808: India- Proposed Amaravati Sustainable Capital City Development Project, by both World Bank [for 300 mn USD] and Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank Project PD000019-PSI-IND [for 200 mn USD]. The report also shares the recent updates from the communities of the project area earmarked for building the capital city.
This project has now been renamed in 2019 as Amaravati Sustainable Infrastructure and Institutional Development Project (ASIIDP), in both the World Bank and AIIB project pages.
