Slide 2 End of stamping Get your stamp in 5 minutes. Slide 3
expanded answer mnemonic tea: make snakes Tropical thermosphere:
mesosphere Stratosphere Troposphere 2 exosphere ionosphere exo iono
Slide 4 End of stamping Get your stamp in 5 minutes. Slide 5 3
methods of popping conduction convection radiation 4 expanded
answer Slide 6 5 Atmosphere and the Big Four Systems of Our Earth
See your Atmosphere Guided Notes. Slide 7 6 Composition of Earth
Earth has 4 interactive systems: Earths systems Atmosphere
Air/gases Hydrospher e water Biosphere life Geosphere land/rock
Slide 8 7 The Atmosphere layer of gas that surrounds Earth, more
commonly known as air. Slide 9 8 Composition of Earths Atmosphere
atmosphere Mostly Nitrogen and Oxygen Has layers Protects us from
meteors and comets, x-rays, gamma rays, ultra violet light Water
vapor is responsible for clouds and precipitation Composition is
almost constant EXCEPT for water (from 0 to 5% --not shown in the
pie chart above) Slide 10 9 Atmosphere. How do you know its there?
Is this air that surrounds us considered to be matter? Does it
weigh anything? How do you know? Think about it and decide on
answers. Talk in groups if assigned by teacher. Be ready to tell
the class what you decided and why. Dont start cooperative group
work unless you know and follow group rules. Any questions? Slide
11 10 Weight of the atmosphere Gases are in the atmosphere. Their
elements are listed in the periodic table: Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon
Dioxide, Hydrogen Air is matter! Sound can travel through it. It
has volume and mass. Slide 12 11 Even though you cant see them,
atoms make up gases. Are some atoms bigger than others? Are their
atomic weights all the same? Slide 13 12 Helium vs. Carbon Dioxide
Do you think of helium as light and floating or heavy and falling?
Do you think about Carbon Dioxide as light and floating or heavy
and falling? Think about the gas released from dry ice--does it go
up or down? http://jp.youtube.com/watc h?v=F239cINIADs Slide 14 13
Troposphere, Water, and Clouds Among other gases, there is water
vapor in the troposphere. The amount varies. You cannot see water
vapor. Clouds form when air rises, cools to its dew point, and
becomes saturated with water vapor. Water changes state. Bits of
liquid and solid water can remain suspended in air. Slide 15 14
Precipitation-falling water in the form of rain, freezing rain,
sleet, snow, or hail Slide 16 15 Water Cycle Demonstration
(involves redistribution of water) Slide 17 16 So water changes
state. Why does that matter so much? Changing state: Redistributes
fresh water all over Earth
http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/watercycle/ Causes
much wind! Models of these phenomena will be demonstrated now, if
possible. Try to figure out how they represent Earth. Slide 18 17
Water Vapor Demonstration (involves huge change in volume) Slide 19
18 Composition of Earths atmosphere The Atmosphere layers Exosphere
Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Stratosphere Troposphere What is
below the troposphere? geosphere (solid Earth) Exosphere Slide 20
19 Layers of the Atmosphere (Exosphere)-- Thermosphere--
Mesosphere-- Stratosphere-- Troposphere Turn over to page 2 of your
Guided Notes handout, half way down the page. Fill in the graphic
organizer as you learn. Slide 21 20 Where does the troposphere fit
in? Earths 4 main systems: The Atmosphere Troposphere Contains most
clouds and weather. Temperature cools as you go higher; ~50% of
suns energy enters, 50% is reflected back. Most of the tropospheres
heat has bounced back from Earth (mostly from convection)
Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere The Hydrosphere The Biosphere
The Geosphere Exosphere Slide 22 21 Atmosphere (Exosphere)
Thermosphere-- Mesosphere-- Stratosphere-- Troposphere-- Contains
most clouds and weather. Temperature cools as you go higher; 50% of
suns energy passes through, 50% is reflected back. Most of the
tropospheres heat is from Earth (convection) Write it here. Slide
23 22 Troposphere and Weather (Turn back to p. 1) Weatherthe
atmospheres condition in terms of temperature, cloud cover, wind
speed and direction, humidity, and air pressure. What are different
types of weather? (You tell me.)
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________ Slide 24 23 Temperaturea measure
of how fast air molecules are moving. When molecules are moving
rapidly, temperature is high. Celsius and Fahrenheit thermometers
measure air temperature. Earths Weather in the Troposphere Slide 25
24 What is the temperature like today? Hot/ Cold
______________________ Degrees Fahrenheit_______________ Degrees
Celsius _________________
http://www.weather.com/weather/hourbyhour/graph/Winston-
Salem+NC+27104:4:US
http://www.weather.com/weather/hourbyhour/graph/Winston-
Salem+NC+27104:4:US Energy is transferred between fast-moving
molecules and slower-moving molecules. Earths Weather in the
Troposphere Slide 26 25 Energy is transferred by:
Conductiontransfer of energy when molecules collide, e.g. from hot
pavement to your bare feet. Give an example of something heating up
due to conduction. Convection, which occurs from moving fluids, as
when warm air rises and cool air sinks, e.g. Give an example of
something heating up due to convection. Radiationtransfer of energy
by waves or rays, e.g. sun warming your face. Includes light,
microwaves, and heat. Heat is infrared radiation. Earths Weather in
the Troposphere Slide 27 26 Conduction, convection, radiation are
all occurring here. Can you identify them? Slide 28 3 methods of
popping conduction convection radiation 27 Slide 29 28 Air pressure
the weight of air. Since air is a fluid, the weight pushes in all
directions, not just down. Air pressure varies from one place to
another Warmer air is less dense and exerts less pressure. Cooler
air is more dense and exerts more pressure. Works just like other
fluids, such as water. Earths Weather in the Troposphere Slide 30
29 Air Pressure Demonstration or Discussion Write about what you
learned. Slide 31 30 Humidity the amount of water vapor in the air
Temperature affects humidity Slide 32 31 Dewpointtemperature at
which the air is holding as much water vapor as it can (What
happens when temperature drops?) Relative humidity a measure of the
amount of water vapor present compared to the amount that could be
held at a specific temperature. Slide 33 32 THAT WAS ALL ABOUT THE
TROPOSPHERE! Lets cover the other layers briefly. Fill in
information about each layer as we come to it. Atmosphere
(Exosphere) Thermosphere-- Mesosphere-- Stratosphere-- Troposphere
Slide 34 Altitude and temperature What does this mean? 33 Slide 35
34 Composition of Earths atmosphere Earth Has 4 main systems that
interact: The Atmosphere Troposphere Stratosphere 110 km to 50 km
contains ozone (the ozone layer) that absorbs much of the Suns
ultraviolet radiation. GGets warmer as you go up! Mesosphere
Thermosphere The Hydrosphere The Biosphere The Geosphere Slide 36
35 Atmosphere (Exosphere) Thermosphere-- Mesosphere- Stratosphere--
10 km to 50 km Contains ozone, which absorbs much of Suns
ultraviolet radiation. Gets warmer as you go up. Troposphere- -
Contains most clouds and weather. Most of the tropospheres heat is
from Earth. Temperature cools about 6.5 degrees Celsius per
kilometer of altitude. Slide 37 36 Composition of Earths atmosphere
Earth Has 4 main systems that interact: The Atmosphere Troposphere
Stratosphere Mesosphere 50-85 km The coldest part of the atmosphere
(to -90C) Gets colder as you go up. Thermosphere The Hydrosphere
The Biosphere The Geosphere Slide 38 37 Atmosphere (Exosphere)
Thermosphere-- Mesosphere- 50-85 km, The coldest part of the
atmosphere (to -90C) Gets colder as altitude gets higher.
Stratosphere-- 10 km to 50 km, contains ozone that absorbs much of
the Suns ultraviolet radiation. Gets warmer as you go up.
Troposphere- - Contains most clouds and weather. Most of the
tropospheres heat is from Earth Temperature cools about 6.5 degrees
Celsius per kilometer of altitude. Slide 39 38 Composition of
Earths atmosphere Earth has 4 main interactive systems: 1. The
Atmosphere Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere 80-500
km Temperatures increase up to 1,700C Filters out x-rays and gamma
rays from the sun. This is an image of the space shuttle as it is
orbiting around the Earth. The space shuttle orbits in the
thermosphere of the Earth. 2. The Hydrosphere 3. The Biosphere 4.
The Geosphere Slide 40 39 Atmosphere (Exosphere) Thermosphere--
80-500 km, Temperatures increase up to 1,700C. Filters out x-rays
and gamma rays from the sun. The space shuttle orbits in the
thermosphere. Mesosphere-- The temperature drops when you go
higher, like it does in the troposphere. Coldest part of the
atmosphere Stratosphere-- from 10 km to 50 km above Earths surface,
this layer contains ozone that absorbs much of Suns ultraviolet
radiation. Troposphere-- Contains most clouds and weather., Most of
the tropospheres heat is from Earth, Temperature cools about 6.5
degrees Celsius per kilometer of altitude. Slide 41 40 Thermosphere
: Ionosphere Ionosphere is the inner part of the thermosphere a
layer of electrically charged particles This layer allows radio
waves to travel across the country to another city. www.blo
ust.com/henley http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams
/atmosphere/index.html
http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams
/atmosphere/index.html Slide 42 41 Thermosphere : Exosphere The
outer part of the thermosphere The last layer of the atmosphere
Difficult to tell where it stops and space begins Very few
molecules in this layer of the atmosphere Temperature gets higher
with higher altitude (e.g. 17,000 degrees C) But if we could visit,
it would not feel hot. Why is that? Slide 43 42 Atmosphere
(Exosphere)- The outer part of the thermosphere. Difficult to tell
where it stops and space begins, Very few atoms in this layer of
the atmosphere. Higher altitude~higher temperature. Thermosphere--
The air is really thin that high up. The temperature changes with
the solar activity. If the sun is active, temperatures in the
thermosphere can get up to 1,500C or higher! High temperature, but
would not feel hot if we could visit. (Why?) Mesosphere-- The
temperature drops when you go higher, like it does in the
troposphere. Coldest part of the atmosphere Stratosphere-- from 10
km to 50 km above Earths surface, this layer contains ozone that
absorbs much of the Suns ultraviolet radiation. Troposphere- -
Contains most clouds and weather., Most of the tropospheres heat is
from Earth, Temperature cools about 6.5 degrees Celsius per
kilometer of altitude. Ionosphere: the inner part of the
thermosphere a layer of electrically charged particles within the
mesosphere and thermosphere This layer allows radio waves to
travel. Slide 44 43 Atmosphere (Exosphere)- The outer part of the
thermosphere. Difficult to tell where it stops and space begins,
Very few atoms in this layer of the atmosphere. Higher
altitude~higher temperature. Thermosphere Thin air. Temperature
rises as you go higher. Usually divided into ionosphere and
exosphere. Mesosphere-- The temperature drops when you go higher,
like it does in the troposphere. Coldest part of the atmosphere.
Stratosphere contains the ozone that absorbs much of the Suns
ultraviolet radiation. Some jet planes fly here. Troposphere- -
Contains most clouds and weather. Most of the tropospheres heat is
from Earth, which is why temperature cools as you go higher. We
live here. Ionosphere: the inner part of the thermosphere a layer
of electrically charged particles within the mesosphere and
thermosphere This layer allows radio waves to travel. Slide 45 44
Go back to the top of p. 1: one reason the magnetosphere is
important The Sun spits out hazardous stuff that we call solar
windcharged particles and ions, globs of plasma, and other
hazardous-to-life things. The magnetic field around Earth deflects
the solar winds around the Earth. (In other words, the
magnetosphere protects us from solar winds.) Slide 46 Key
TermsIdentify each. In this case, identify means write something
important. dew point saturate element conduction convection
radiation vapor gas liquid solid weight pressure fluid 45 Slide 47
Any questions? 46
