END OFCOURSE BIOLOGY CORE 1

VIRGINIA

STANDARDS OF LEARNING ASSESSMENTS

Spring 2004 Released Test

END OF COURSEBIOLOGY

CORE 1CORE 1

Property of the Virginia Department of Education� 2004 by the Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education, James Monroe Building, 101 N. 14th Street,Richmond, Virginia, 23219. All rights reserved. Except as permitted by law, this material may not be reproduced orused in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by anyinformation storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. Commonwealth ofVirginia public school educators may photocopy or print any portion of these Released Tests for educational purposeswithout requesting permission. All others should direct their requests to the Commonwealth of Virginia Departmentof Education at (804) 225-2102, Division of Assessment and Reporting.

SESSION: 14 PAGE: 1 5/5/04 15:35 LOGIN IS-glenn PATH: @sunultra1/raid/CLS_tpc/GRP_va_sprg04/JOB_04-ribsg11/DIV_g11bio-1

DIRECTIONSRead each question carefully and choose the bestanswer. Then mark the space on the answersheet for the answer you have chosen.

SAMPLE

The following pictures show somestages during asexual reproduction ofa hydra. Which picture shows the firststep?

1

This key can be used to identify thespecies of some wildflowers found inVirginia. All of the plants have blueor purple flowers with five petals thatare fused together. According to thiskey, to what species does the plantshown belong?

A Viper’s bugloss (Echium vulgare)B Virginia bluebell (Mertensia virginica) �

C Gray beardtongue (Penstemon canescens)D Lyre-leaved sage (Salvia lyrata)

A C

B D �

Key to Virginia Wildflowers

Petals equal length Lower petals longer

Flowers wide,upright

Flowers tubular,dangling

Lower lobeone piece

Viper’s bugloss(Echium vulgare)

Virginia bluebell(Mertensia virginica)

Lower lobedivided intothree pieces

Lyre-leaved sage(Salvia lyrata)

Gray beardtongue(Penstemon canescens)


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Biology

22004 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education

2

In which type of environment did thisfossilized fish most likely live?

F Deep ocean trenchG A coral reefH A freshwater lake �

J Near an ocean vent

3 Which characteristic of prokaryoticorganisms makes them different fromeukaryotes?

A Prokaryotic cells do not havemembrane-bound organelles. �

B Prokaryotes do not have chromosomes.C Prokaryotes are made of cells.D Prokaryotes have DNA.

4 Which of the following methods wouldprovide the most accurate informationfor students collecting data about localattitudes concerning the use ofalternative fuels for automobiles?

F Take an opinion poll of drivers �

G Listen to speeches given by politiciansH Study newspaper articlesJ Track prices at nearby gas stations

5 A bacterium will construct differentproteins to metabolize the sugarslactose or glucose, depending on whichone it detects in the outsideenvironment. What part of thebacterium allows it to recognizedifferent substances in the outsideenvironment?

A Endoplasmic reticulumB Cell membrane �

C NucleusD Lysosomes

6 In order to maintain homeostasis, it ismost important for an animal to beable to —

F respond to its environment �

G hide from its predatorsH change its habitatJ increase its prey population


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7

The picture shows a segment of DNAfrom a cat. Which of these is mostlikely the kitten of this cat?

A 1B 2C 3D 4 �

8 Organisms reproduce following severalpatterns. Some organisms produce fewoffspring and provide parental care.Other organisms produce manyoffspring but provide little or noparental care. Which of the followingorganisms has the greatest risk oflosing a population due to the death ofonly a few individuals?

F BacteriaG FliesH Elephants �

J Rats

9 Which skull belongs to a herbivore?DNA Fingerprints

Kittens1

Cat2 3 4

A

B

C

D �


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10

A study on a poultry farm wasconducted to determine the percentageof vitamin supplement necessary toadd to the feed of turkeys in order tomaximize their growth. According tothis data, what percentage of vitaminsupplement should be added to theturkeys’ diet?

F 6%G 8%H 10% �

J 14%

11 What is the body’s first line of defenseagainst disease?

A EnzymesB BloodC AntibodiesD Skin �

12 Which bird’s foot is best adapted toflying into a region and picking upprey?

� � � � ��

Percent ofVitamin Supplement

Ave

rag

e W

eig

ht

Gai

n

Turkey Growth Data

1 cm

10 cm

1 cm

5 cm

F

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J �


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13 Inversions in chromosomes occurwhen part of a chromosome breaks outand is reinserted upside down. Whichof the diagrams below represents aninversion?

14

An experiment is designed to clear anoak-hickory forest and replant the areawith pines. Which of the followingspecies would be most threatened bythis experiment?

F Field sparrowG CardinalH Summer tanagerJ Hooded warbler �

15 The processes of meiosis andfertilization help ensure the survival ofthe species by providing eachgeneration with the same number of —

A body cellsB chromosomes �

C offspringD gametes

XYZ

ABCDE

XYZ

ABDE

Before After

XYZ

ABCDE

XYZ

ABABCDE

Before After

XYZ

ABCDE

ZYX

ABEDC

Before After

XQRYZ

XYZ

ABCDE

ABCDE

Before After

A

B

C

D

�

Use of VegetationBy Bird Species

Vegetation Type

Grass-land

Grass-shrub

Pine forestOak-hickorymature forest

Field sparrow

Cardinal

Summer tanager

Hooded warbler


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16 Enzymes only work with specificsubstrates because eachsubstrate —

F has a specific activation site for enzymeattachment �

G can only use a specific ionic bond withthe enzyme

H destroys its specific enzymeJ actively interferes with other substrates

around it

17 Which of these is a commonadaptation for mammals in an aquaticenvironment?

A Keen eyesightB Streamlined body �

C Sharp teethD Long fur

18 All of these are common shapes ofbacteria EXCEPT —

F rodG spiralH square �

J spherical

19 Average Water Loss (Transpiration)in Corn Plants (mL/hr)

Plot May15

May30

June15

July1

July15

1 1.2 3.4 6.4 10.7 8.5

2 1.1 3.1 11.9 9.8 8.8

3 1.2 3.5 5.5 10.1 9.2

4 1.1 3.8 6.2 9.5 8.4

In the above table, which item of data ismost likely to be invalid?

A Plot 1 on July 1B Plot 2 on June 15 �

C Plot 3 on May 15D Plot 4 on May 30

20 Based on the method by which they getfood, organisms are classified asautotrophs or heterotrophs. Whichorganism listed below is correctlypaired with its metabolism?

F Mushroom-autotrophG Human-heterotroph �

H Grass-heterotrophJ Fish-autotroph

21 In plants, gymnosperms have conesand angiosperms have flowers. Both ofthese plant structures are specializedfor —

A sexual reproduction �

B food productionC water absorptionD photosynthesis


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22

The diagram shows a simplifiednitrogen cycle. Which process isresponsible for returning nitrogen tothe air?

F ExcretionG Decomposition �

H PhotosynthesisJ Nitrification

23

In the lab setup pictured above, astudent is trying to determine theeffect of pollutants on the growth ofthree groups of seeds. The results willnot be valid because the experimenthas no —

A conclusionB hypothesisC control �

D variable

Nitrogenin air

Nitrogencompounds

Plants

Animals

DecomposersNitrogen-fixing

bacteria insome plants

Group 1:

10 radish seedsopen Petri dish20 mL motor oil

25°C

Group 2:

10 bean seedssealed Petri dish20 mL dish soap

35°C

Group 3:

10 alfalfa seedssealed Petri dish20 mL antifreeze

45°C


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24

According to the diagram, during thelast 40 million years, the structure ofthe horse’s foot has —

F lost its toes �

G become smallerH grown toesJ remained the same size

25 Which of the following best explainswhy a student researching geneticsshould use the most recent textbooksavailable?

A Older textbooks are more difficult tounderstand.

B Research in Mendelian genetics beganvery recently.

C New discoveries frequently add to olderknowledge in genetics. �

D No technologies from more than tenyears ago are still in use.

26 Sandy Beach and DuneWildlife Locator Chart

Feeds in DunesFeeds on

Wet Sand orBeach

Feeds atHigh-tide

mark

Nests inTree

Canopyor

Shrubs

Yellow-billedCuckoo

AmericanRobin

CedarWaxwing

Fish CrowBoat-tailed

Grackle

Nests inTree

Trunks

DownyWoodpecker

NorthernFlicker

Raccoon

Nests onGround

Eastern Cottontail Black-belliedPlover

Wilson’s PloverSemipalmated

PloverPiping PloverAmerican

OystercatcherWilletSanderlingSemipalmated

SandpiperDunlinLaughing GullRing-billed GullGreat Black-

backed Gull

RuddyTurnstone

Nests inFreshWater

Fowler’s Toad

A student studying wildlife nestingpatterns in the sandy beach and duneecosystem of the Chincoteague NationalWildlife Refuge would find nests of themost species in which of the followinglocations?

F ShrubsG Tree trunksH Ground �

J Fresh water

27 Which of the following came first inthe scientific study of living things?

A Light microscope �

B Cell theoryC Electron microscopeD Model of DNA

40 25 7 0

(millions of years ago)

Fossil Records of Horse Foot Structure Over Time

EquusMerychippusMesohippusEohippus


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28 The unique properties of water enablelife to exist on Earth. Which of these isa property of pure water?

F Its solid form is more dense than itsliquid.

G It has a low heat absorption capacity.H It is slightly more acidic than air.J It dissolves many substances. �

29

This graph shows the sizes of lynx andhare populations between the years of1845 and 1940. If a predator of the lynxenters the food chain, you mightexpect the number of —

A lynx and hares to become equalB lynx to increaseC hares to increase �

D hares and lynx to decrease

30 The process of DNA replication isnecessary before a cell —

F makes a proteinG codes for RNA moleculesH divides into two cells �

J modifies lysosome enzymes

31 Cowbirds often lay eggs in the nests ofother songbirds. The young cowbirdsgrow up hearing the songs of theirfoster parents but sing cowbird songswhen they are adults. This is anexample of —

A imprintingB instinct �

C mimicryD camouflage

Th

ou

san

ds

of

Har

es

Th

ou

sand

s of L

ynx

Year1850 1875 1900 1925

40

80

120

3

6

9

160 Snowshoe hareLynx

Population Fluctuations


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32 According to the biological definitionof a species, which organisms listedbelow would belong to the samespecies?

F Plants that have flowers with the samestructures that attract the samepollinators

G Protists that are the same shape andhave the same structures for movement

H Animals that can breed and producefertile offspring �

J Mushrooms that are the same color andcan grow on trees

33 Orchids were studied to determine ifthe amount of humidity affected theflowering of these plants. Which ofthese was the independent variable inthis study?

A The percentage of humidity �

B The amount wateredC The length of time required for

floweringD The number of flowers on each plant

34

Which statement is supported by thediagram?

F The mitochondrion uses the sun’s energydirectly.

G The end products of photosynthesis donot provide energy for cellularrespiration.

H The main source of energy forphotosynthesis is carbohydrates.

J Carbohydrates are converted into ATPby the mitochondrion. �

CarbohydrateEnergy-rich

CO2 + H2OEnergy-poor

Chloroplast

Mitochondrion

ATP used in: • Biosynthesis • Active transport • Mechanical work • Bioluminescence

Photosynthesis CellularRespiration

O2

Sun


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35 An organism that causes infections inplants and animals, but cannot be seenwith a light microscope similar to thatused in a high school biology course, ismost likely a —

A virus �

B bacteriumC fungusD protozoan

36 Rabbit Test Cross Results

Parent Generation Black � White

F1 all black

F275% black25% white

What conclusion can be drawn from thegenetic information above?

F The white parent carried a dominantallele.

G All the F1 rabbits carried a recessiveallele. �

H All the white rabbits are heterozygous.J All the black rabbits in the F2

generation are homozygous.

37 Which of the following scientificachievements best represents acollaborative effort among scientists?

A Anton van Leeuwenhoek invented themicroscope in the 1600s, which waslater used by others to study cells.

B Robert Koch studied infectious diseases,and Louis Pasteur demonstrated thatlife only comes from life.

C Gregor Mendel’s study of pea plantsenabled Thomas Morgan to become thefirst to locate a gene on a chromosomein Drosophila.

D Francis Crick and James Watsonworked together to design thedouble-helix model of DNA. �

38 Richard was observing blackswallowtail butterflies in the field.Which one of these is an observationhe made about a black swallowtailbutterfly?

F The black swallowtail is closely relatedto the spicebush swallowtail.

G The black swallowtail belongs to theclass Insecta.

H The black swallowtail likes to fly morethan anything else.

J The black swallowtail laid its eggs on aparsley plant. �

39 A genetic pedigree showing that onlymales are affected by a certaindisorder is evidence of what type ofinheritance?

A DominantB Sex-linked �

C RecessiveD Passive


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40 Increased surface area increases thenumber of molecules that can becollected from the air. According tothis information, which beetle antennais best adapted for chemically sensingthe air?

41 Which of these could be successfullytreated with antibiotics?

A Common coldB InfluenzaC HIVD Strep throat �

42 One way to increase the number oforganisms in an endangered species isto let the few remaining individuals ofthat species breed. However, thisbreeding may also lead to speciesextinction because inbreeding over ashort period of time may —

F reduce genetic diversity �

G increase beneficial mutationsH produce a different speciesJ increase fertility

43 Proteins are formed from monomers(subunits) called —

A amino acids �

B fatty acidsC nucleic acidsD nucleotides

F

G

H

J

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44 Early classification systems consistedof two kingdoms; Plantae andAnimalia. What scientific developmentallowed taxonomists to establish theMonera and Protista kingdoms?

F Discovery of DNAG Creation of electrophoresisH Invention of the electron microscope �

J Development of Koch’s postulates

45

The one-celled eukaryotic organismsabove are often found in freshwaterponds. What is one characteristic theyall have in common?

A CiliaB Nucleus �

C PseudopodiaD Flagellum

46 Some sphinx moth caterpillars arecalled tomato hornworms. These largecaterpillars do a tremendous amountof damage to tomato plants. Whichmethod of moth control would be mostdangerous to the honeybee, which isneeded for plant pollination?

F Using moth scents to attract moths totraps

G Releasing caterpillar parasitesH Spraying plants with insecticides �

J Planting moth-repelling plants

47

Which characteristic supports thehypothesis that this animal spends agreat deal of time burrowing throughthe soil?

A The shape of its bodyB The position of its noseC The length of its tailD The size of its claws �

Paramecium

Amoeba

Euglena


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48 The skulls below belong to differentanimals. Which skull belongs to theanimal that is probably unrelated tothe other three?

49 One theory of the extinction ofdinosaur species is that a largemeteorite impact on Earth caused amajor atmospheric change marked bycolder temperatures. If this theory iscorrect, what adaptation of mammalsprobably allowed them to survive eventhough dinosaurs became extinct?

A Superior low-light visionB Consumption of an omnivorous dietC Ability to bear live youngD Endothermic body metabolism �

50

Which variable appears to control leafproduction in these plants?

F The amount of waterG The temperature �

H The number of daylight hoursJ The relative humidity

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Answer KeyTest

SequenceCorrectAnswer

ReportingCategory Reporting Category Description

1 B 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level

2 H 004 Interaction of Life Forms

3 A 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level

4 F 001 Scientific Investigation

5 B 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level

6 F 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level

7 D 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level


9 D 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level

10 H 001 Scientific Investigation


12 J 004 Interaction of Life Forms

13 C 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level

14 J 001 Scientific Investigation


16 F 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level


18 H 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level

19 B 001 Scientific Investigation

20 G 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level

21 A 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level

22 G 004 Interaction of Life Forms

23 C 001 Scientific Investigation

24 F 004 Interaction of Life Forms

25 C 001 Scientific Investigation



28 J 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level

29 C 004 Interaction of Life Forms

30 H 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level


32 H 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level

33 A 001 Scientific Investigation

34 J 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level


36 G 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level

37 D 001 Scientific Investigation

38 J 001 Scientific Investigation


40 F 001 Scientific Investigation

41 D 004 Interaction of Life Forms

42 F 004 Interaction of Life Forms


44 H 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level




48 J 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level

49 D 004 Interaction of Life Forms

50 G 001 Scientific Investigation


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END OFCOURSE BIOLOGY CORE 1