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Endocrine SystemERIN YODER, ADAM FEUDALE, GARETT SOSNOSKI
What is the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM?
• Internal chemical communication
• system of glands that produce endocrine secretions
STRUCTURE
• Endocrine glands secrete their product (hormones) into bloodstream
• Lack anatomical continuity
FUNCTION
• Maintains homeostasis by releasing hormones
• Controls prolonged processes• Growth & development• Reproduction• Metabolism
HORMONES• Classes of hormones based on chemical composition:
• Amine hormones
• Norepinephrine, prostaglandins
• Steroid hormones
• Peptide and protein hormones
Steroidal Hormones
• Triggers change in cell
Nonsteroidal Hormone
• Protein hormone• Peptide hormone
ORGANS OF THE
ENDOCRINEPituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Thymus
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Pineal
Hypothalamus
Parathyroid gland
Ovaries/Testes
Adrenal Glands
Pineal Gland
• Small pinecone-shaped mass
• Posterior to thalamus
• Hormone: melatonin
*INTERESTING FACT*Wearing red tinted
sunglass helps increase melatonin
production
Hypothalamus
• Location: superior & anterior to brain stem;
inferior to the thalamus• In charge of endocrine system• Releases & inhibits hormones when needed
Pituitary Gland
• Small pea shaped gland
• Connected to inferior portion of hypothalamus
• Broken into the posterior & anterior pituitary
Posterior Pituitary
• Isn’t glandular tissue, made up of nervous tissue
• Oxytocin- triggers uterine contractions during childbirth and releases milk during breastfeeding
• Anti-diuretic hormone prevents water loss in the body
Anterior Pituitary
• The true glandular part of the pituitary• Controlled by the hypothalamus
Anterior Pituitary Hormones
• Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)• Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)• Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)• Luteinizing Hormone (LH)• Human Growth Hormone (HGH)• Prolactin (PRL)
Thyroid Gland
• Butterfly shaped gland• Located at the base of
the neck• Wrapped around
trachea • Calcitonin• Triiodothyronine (T3)• Thyroxine (T4)
Parathyroid Glands
• Four small masses of glandular tissue found on the posterior side of the thyroid
• Produce parathyroid hormone (PTH)- released when calcium ion levels in blood drop below a set point
Thymus Gland
• Soft triangular shaped organ• Found in the chest posterior to the
sternum• Thymosins- help during fetal
development in childhood• Becomes inactive during puberty
Adrenal Glands
• Pair of triangular glands found superior to the kidneys
• Outer adrenal cortex-produces cortical hormones
• Adrenal medulla-produce hormones to aid in times of great stress
• epinephrine• norepinephrine
Pancreas• Large gland found inferior and posterior
to the stomach• Made up of endocrine and exocrine tissue• Endocrine cells found in islets• Two types of cells
– Alpha-glucagon: raises blood glucose levels– Beta-insulin: lowers glucose levels after
meals• Digestive glands break down food in
pancreas
Testes
• Ellipsoid organs found in the scrotum
• Testosterone– Produced after start of
puberty– Increases growth of bones
and muscles– Increases hair production
Ovaries
• Almond shaped organs found in pelvic body of women• Estrogen
– Primarily sex hormone– Triggers breast development, bone growth, uterine
development, pubic hair• Progesterone
– Allows women to have correct conditions to support a fetus
Corpus Luteum-Forms when fertilization occurs-Helps maintain pregnancy by producing progesterone
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM TOUR
http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/hormones-definition-function-intro-to-the-endocrine-system.html#lesson
Diseases • Hypothyroidism
– Thyroid gland does not produce enough hormone to meet bodily needs
– Can cause slow down or shut down of bodily functions• Thyroid Cancer
– Cells in the thyroid gland begin to grow uncontrollably – Most cases will form a tumor
• Diabetes– Most common endocrine disease in the United State – Body does not properly process glucose, due to the
ineffective production of insulin
VIDEO SUMMARY
http://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/endocrinesystem/preview.weml
Bibliography
http://www.wsfcs.k12.nc.us
http://www.innerbody.com/image/endoov.html
http://www.ama-assn.org//ama/pub/physician-resources/patient-education-materials/atlas-of-human-body/endocrine-system.page
http://www.livescience.com/26496-endocrine-system.html
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/endocrinesystem.html