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Enedis #Electric MobilityCORIOLIS Seminar « How does the French DSO accompany Electric Mobility Development »

March 7, 2019

Dominique LAGARDE Executive Vice President Electric Mobility

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Enedis, the essential grid of the French electricity system

EV / Hybrid EV /

Plug-in HEV

Renewable

Energy SystemsDemand Side

Management/

Prosumers

Batteries

Smart

meters

Linky

Big data

IA

The majority of the DERs (Distributed Energy Ressources) areconnected to the Distribution Grid managed by Enedis

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For the success of energy transition, Enedis has taken the turnto become a DSO

E-mobility is precisely an essential part of the DSO concept

EnergyTransition

EV and charginginfrastructure

Large volumes of renewable production

Flexible usages (storage, EV

knowledge and analysisof consumption DATA

Our public service mission

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Why do we talk about electric mobility today ?

Because we connect electric charging points to the distribution grid we operate in 95% of French territory

Because we do the e-mobility experiment every day thanks to our electric corporate fleet (the 2nd largest electric fleet in France)

Because we take part to numerous projects to pave the way toward widespread e-mobility in the future

Enedis has already been a key enabler of electric mobility !

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3 drivers to achieve an ambition

Enedis aims at « being » and « being recognised as » a referenceindustrial partner for all e-mobility stakeholders in order to build thenecessary solutions to foster its large scale deployment.

Conducting operations in territories «in connection with local authorities»

• Mobility Plans in each ENEDIS’ regional divisions

•Intensify efforts for coroporate fleet electrification

Developing expertise and creating innovation

Building shared visions: e.g. Equilibre des Energies (EdEN) corporation, …

• Pilot projects : BienVEnu, SMAC, aVEnir

• Studies : Smartcharging, V2G, …

Building together solutions and forging partnerships

• Bus operators (RATP, Keolis,…)

• Collective housing and multi-dwelling units

• EV charging from the street lighting

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Some illustrations

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EV charging infrastructure over street lighting network

Generic requirements have been established incollaboration with prefect Vuibert’s workinggroup. They were published in the officialwebsites of French ministries for Energytransition and Econcomics inNovember 2018

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A pilot project in Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes et Provence-Alpes Côte d’Azur regions: aVEnir

Enlarging the experimental field

Testing innovative Use Cases (V2G)

Mastering technical solutions for EV charging control

Preparing industrialization

ADEME proposal submitted on 15th of January 2019 with 11 industrial and academic partners

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2019 R&D program

Enedis R&D scope of work includes studies, lab and field tests, Proofs of Concepts,standardization and support to pilot projects.

Anticipating EV deployment

and its impact on grid

planning

Masteringpower qualityissues at grid-

charger interface

Assessinginnovativechargingsolutions

Designingand testing

smart chargingsolutions

Understandingnew business

models arounde-mobility and

flexibility

Supportingpilot projects

and fieldexperiments

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« e-Buses project », in partnership with RATP

RATP is electrifying 2/3 of its bus depots:Enedis – RATP partnership will allow to:

• Design solutions with our partner• Manage / co-manage projects with our

partner• Realize and deploy tasks in the perimeter

covered by Enedis

Enedis is developing simulation tools to assess the impact of EV deployment on grid planningFocus on the impact of e-bus depots• Simulate a realistic e-bus depot load profile based on real bus schedules• Evaluate the peak shaving potential thanks to smart charging strategies taking into account the bus

operator’s constraints.

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Enedis is involved in international standards development to ensure a smooth incorporation of e-mobility into the smart grids

• International standards defining data exchanges between tomorrow’s charging stations and every e-mobility stakeholders, including the DSO, are written right now at ISO and IEC. Experts mandated by Enedis contribute to the process.

• Standards will foster e-mobility deployment and will allow charging process controllability for grid integration purposes.

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Enedis anticipates power quality issues at the interface between EV chargers and the grid

EVs are both disturbance sources and sensitive loads for existing background disturbances.

Pow

er q

ual

ity

issu

es r

elat

edto

EV

s 2012 ->

Resonance effect whilecharging four EVs on the same station

Frequent spurious breaks in charging processobserved in a DC fastcharging station

Immunity issues on domestic appliancesreported by EV ownerscharging at home

R&

D w

ork

for

a b

ette

ru

nd

ers

tan

din

go

f gr

id-c

har

ger

inte

ract

ion

Laboratorymeasurements and fieldtests to characterizephenomena / development of specifictestbeds

Establishment of a libraryof models based on measurement data

Simulations withharmonic calculation tool

Solu

tio

ns -> 2019

Involvment in EMC standards to fill the gaps in terms of emission and immunity levels

Partnerships with OEMsto design charger topologies taking intoaccount the diversity of grid supply conditions

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Electricity networks ready to accommodate Electric Mobility

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Electric Mobility is part of the on going Green Transition as was/is Renewable Integration

In terms of network planning and development

In terms of real-time network control & management

Increase 1000kW to

8200kW in 1hDecrease 9000kW to

3000kW in 30min

2010 2018 2028 (source PPE)

~4, 4 GW ~13 GW ~34 à 35 GW~560 installations ~1475 installations ~2500 installations

~0,3 GW ~7,4 GW ~35 à 44 GW~57 000 installations ~366 000 installations > 1 000 000 installations

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Enedis is using and will use various solutions to satisfy the demand

“Existing" through the time of use signals such as ‘peak/off-peak’ tariff

“Future" by customized smart charging through supervised & remotely controlled Load.

Technologies are available

There are no technical barriers to enable grid integration for electric mobility

In terms of network planning and development

In terms of network management & real-time control

“Spontaneous" by averaging multiple of asynchronous power demands

“On request" by requests for connection powers adapted to the customer's needs (gain shared between the Network, customers and local authorities)

“Innovative" through innovative connection using Flexibility levers (ORI)

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ANNEX

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Enedis is developing simulation tools to assess the impact of EV deployment on grid planning

Example of studies:• Coincidence factor determination for grid interconnection sizing (e.g. in collective housing)• Impact of high power charging along motorways during summer break massive departuresAssumptions are shared with other e-mobility stakeholders within a dedicated working group (ENEDIS - RTE – AVERE).

EV deployment scenarios

Mobility Flows Estimation

Charging demand modelling (localization and power)

Load profiles simulation at the connection point and Grid impact evaluation

Integration in grid planning tools / KPI

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Bus depot electrification: natural load curve, power optimization

• Optimization tool to minimize the peak in terms of power, taking into account operational constraints. The tool was designed after a 2 months immersion with a public transportation operator.

• “Win-win” approach with benefits for the bus operator & the DSO: reducing grid interconnection power for the bus depot (lower cost and delay) without modifying bus operator’s operational procedures.

• Bus networks for Orléans, Valence and Marseille have been modeled.• Real bus schedules data have been processed to determine natural load curves for each depot

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Smart charging & Standardization• EV charging control will be necessary to help DSOs to mitigate the impacts in terms of power.

It will also bring added flexibility to the system to solve other constraints.

• Even if constraints might only appear in several years with massive EV roll-out, standards are being developed today.

• Solutions that will be deployed in five years have to be prepared right now with other stakeholders to avoid shutting the door on smart charging strategies that are going to become essential for the electric system.

• International standardization is essential to guarantee interoperability between actors and to fulfill the requirements outlined for smart charging

Natural chargeBasic control

with pricesignals

Advanced control at the building level

Advanced control at the

electricsystem level

Advanced control withbidirectionalpower flow

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Smart charging & standardization: a 4 steps approach

Conduct studies to evaluate strength and weaknesses of each solution and analyse the DSO’s needs they could address (use cases, risk analysis)

Build Proof of concepts (POCs) to test solutions in field conditions and support technical discussions

Support pilot projects for technical requirements and developments of industrial solutions

Contribute to standardization based on lessonslearned in pilot projects

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Enedis anticipates power quality issues at the interface between EV chargers and the grid

More than 15 EVs and charging systems (High power charging, inductive charging…) tested in power quality lab since 2014 + several field testing campaigns:

Results: Most EVs comply individually with electromagnetic compatibility standards. Specific attentionis needed when designing EV charging installations for fleets of vehicles mainly consisting of a singlemodel. Significant progress could still be achieved for E-mobility equipments to reduce spuriousemission levels in the CENELEC A band (2 – 95 kHz).

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Electric disturbances: insufficient international emission limits

There are some international and national standards to limit harmonic emissions of LV electric appliances, but, there exists a gap in high frequency harmonic emission limits:

R&D work on power quality & EVs (measurement, studies) provides input data to standardization work to fill this gap.

Harmonic domain with limits by IEC 6100-3-2 and 61000-3-12 (<2kHz)*

High frequency harmonics, no IEC limits yet

* These two IEC standards are used in Europe and large part of the world. Owing to them, the electricappliances in Europe generate relatively low current harmonics compared to some other countries where these two standards are not yet applied!

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Enedis is already a key e-Mobility stakeholder …savoir-faire, expertise opérationnelle et humaine, capitalisation, recommandations

Ile de France

Testing a managed

charging solution for collective

residentialbuildings

Lille

Managing anddoptimizing public

EV chargingstations (« park &

ride »)

Champagne Ardenne

Coordinate EV charging and local

clean energyresources

Smart Charging

Our corporate fleet Some concrete achievements

24 000 public charging points connected to the public distribution network.

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Achieved En coursIn progress

Co-founder of GiREVE with Renault, CNR, la Caisse des Dépôts, EDF (via EDEV subsidiary).

In 2017, entry of a new shareholder: FMET(*) managed by DEMETER fund

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(*) FMET : Fond de Modernisation Ecologique des Transports (résultante d’un accord entre le gouvernement français et les sociétés d’autoroutes Vinci, APRR et SANEF

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Collective housing: solutions already exist. Barriers to their large scaleroll out have now to be removed

Enedis technical guidelinesjointly written with the sector’sprofessionals