Energy 101The Basics

3 Credits45 hours

10 Years Later

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Grading SystemFinal Exam

Class Participation

Eight Forms of Energy

Gravitational Energy

Potential Energy

Stored Energy

Ready for Action

Kinetic EnergyEnergy in Motion

Light – Radiant EnergyHeat – Thermal Energy

PhotonsBundles of Energy

186,000 miles second300 million meters per second

Radiant Energy

Visible LightX-raysMicrowavesGamma RaysUltravioletInfrared

Hot Combustion Gases

Molecular Motion

Sun’s Core

Nuclear Fusion

Fusion – 0.7%

Fission – 0.1 %

E = mc2

Elastic Energy

Secondary form of EnergyDoesn’t Exist by Itself

Must be Produced by Another Form

Electrical EnergyFlow of Electrons

Electrochemical Energy

Potential Forms• Chemical• Gravitational• Elastic• Nuclear

Kinetic Forms• Electrical• Mechanical• Radiant• Thermal

Transform chemical energy into radiant and thermal energy.

Activation Energy

Wood has a larger activation energy than sulfur; and sulfur has a larger activation energy than phosphorus.

Special Relationship with

Chemical Energy

Chemical Energy

Binding Energy - Binding Energy Excess Binding Energy

Oxygen - O2 - 19%

Water - H2O - ½ - 2%

Iron + Oxygen + Water (catalyst) →

Iron Oxide (Rust) + Water + Heat

4 Fe + 3O2 + H2O → 2Fe2O3 + H2O + Heat

ExothermicReleases Energy

ChemicalSources of Energy

• # 1 Transportation• Imports Provide 45%• Total U.S. Energy – 36%

ChemicalSources of Energy

• Heats half U.S. Homes• Cleanest Fossil Fuel• Generates 25% U.S. Electricity• Total U.S. Energy 25%

ChemicalSources of Energy

• 42 % U.S. Electric Power• No Imports Needed• Total U.S. Energy - 20%

ChemicalSources of Energy

•Wood, Wood Waste, Garbage and Crops

•3 % of U.S. Energy

ChemicalSources of Energy

•Portable Gas•Stored as a Liquid• Imports Provide 10%•Total U.S. Energy 1 %

U.S. Chemical Energy - 2011

• Petroleum 36%• Natural Gas 25%• Coal 20%• Biomass 3%• Propane 1%

Energy 1776

Predictions Chemical Energy Sources

2050 ?Which Forms Increase?

Other Energy Forms

Nuclear – Uranium – 8 %Mechanical - Hydro, Wind – 7 %Thermal – Geothermal – 0.2 %Radiant – Solar - 0.1 %

Five Forms -Ten SourcesChemical –Oil–Gas–Coal– Biomass - Propane - 85%Nuclear – Uranium – - 8 %Mechanical - Hydro, Wind – 7 %Thermal – Geothermal – 0.2 %Radiant – Solar - 0.1 %

EndothermicAbsorbs Energy

Additional Binding Energy

Chemical Energy Binding Energy

- Binding Energy Required Binding Energy

Endothermic ReactionVinegar + Baking Soda + Heat → Water + Carbon Dioxide + Sodium Acetate

CH3COOH + NaHCO3 + Heat → H2O + CO2 + NaCH3COO

Water + Carbon Dioxide + Energy-Sunlight →

Carbohydrates + Oxygen

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis

6 H20 + 6 CO2 + Energy-Sunlight →

C6 H12O6 + 6 O2

Cellular Respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ---> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy(ATP)

Marine Life

Oxygen Poor Environment

Long Hydrocarbon ChainsSolids

100 Million Years

100 Million More Years 140 0F to 200 0 F

PressureSmaller Hydrocarbon Chains

Liquids

Additional Millions of Years

Very Small Hydrocarbon Chains -- Gases

Methane, Ethane, Propane, and Butane

Formation of CoalAncient Trees and Giant Ferns

Fossil FuelsResult of Radiant Energy

and PhotosynthesisEndothermic Reaction

BiomassWoodWood WasteCropsGarbage

Final Exam

Start with the radiant energy leaving the flashlight and work backwards.

Electrical Radiant

Electrical

Glucose, Amino Acids, and Fatty Acids

12 – 15 % Transformation to Mechanical

No Friction to Provide Thermal Energy

Between 3-6 % of the radiant energy striking a plant leaf is converted into chemical energy. Most of the radiant energy is reflected or absorbed and transformed into thermal energy.

E = mc2

Fusion – 0.7 %Fission – 0.1 %

Core to Surface100,000 – 200,000 Years

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