Energy and Electrical Introduction

What is energy?

Energy is the ability to do work, or Energy is the ability to do work, or cause change. Energy is literally cause change. Energy is literally what makes the world and what makes the world and everything in it everything in it gogo. Energy is the . Energy is the magicmagic stuff stored in the battery stuff stored in the battery that makes the flashlight work. The that makes the flashlight work. The gasoline in a car’s gas tank gasoline in a car’s gas tank contains energy. The car’s engine contains energy. The car’s engine merely converts the gasoline’s merely converts the gasoline’s energy into a usable form.energy into a usable form.

While there are many forms While there are many forms

and sources of energy,and sources of energy, there are only two types:there are only two types:

Potential

Kinetic

Kinetic ““energy associated with energy associated with

motion.”motion.”

When discussing kinetic energy, it’s When discussing kinetic energy, it’s important to keep in mind that the mass andimportant to keep in mind that the mass and velocity of an object determine its kinetic velocity of an object determine its kinetic energy. We can take a look at kinetic energy energy. We can take a look at kinetic energy by throwing a basketball and a baseball. by throwing a basketball and a baseball.

Potential““The energy something has which is The energy something has which is

stored and not moving.”stored and not moving.” ““the energy that a piece of matter has because of the energy that a piece of matter has because of

its position or because of the arrangement of its position or because of the arrangement of parts” because the matter has the potential, or parts” because the matter has the potential, or opportunity, to do work. opportunity, to do work.

There are two types of potential energy: elastic There are two types of potential energy: elastic potential energy and gravitational potential potential energy and gravitational potential energy. energy.

Water behind a dam has gravitational potential Water behind a dam has gravitational potential energy.energy.

A stretched rubber band has elastic potentialA stretched rubber band has elastic potential

Forms of energy Mechanical — the energy of motion Mechanical — the energy of motion Electrical — think lightning or electricity moving Electrical — think lightning or electricity moving

through electrical wires through electrical wires Electromagnetic or radiant — energy of Electromagnetic or radiant — energy of

magnetism and light magnetism and light Chemical — energy produced by chemical Chemical — energy produced by chemical

reactions like those that occur in batteries reactions like those that occur in batteries Nuclear — potential energy stored in the nuclei of Nuclear — potential energy stored in the nuclei of

atoms atoms

Sound — the energy of vibratingSound — the energy of vibrating sound waves sound waves Heat – from burning fuel or the earthHeat – from burning fuel or the earth

Energy Conversion

Many of the devices we use Many of the devices we use every day convert energy from every day convert energy from one form to another.one form to another.

These devices are called These devices are called transducers.transducers.

Transducers

Flashlight — converts Flashlight — converts chemical energy (stored in chemical energy (stored in the battery) to electrical the battery) to electrical energy to light the bulb. energy to light the bulb.

The bulb converts the The bulb converts the electrical energy to electrical energy to electromagnetic or electromagnetic or

radiant energy.radiant energy.

Transducers

Toaster — converts electrical Toaster — converts electrical energy into thermal energy. energy into thermal energy.

Transducers

Car engine — converts the Car engine — converts the chemical energy stored in the chemical energy stored in the gasoline into mechanical and gasoline into mechanical and thermal energy.thermal energy.

Transducers

Convert one energy type to Convert one energy type to another.another.

Practical ways to produce electricity

Generator - - - - > MechanicalBattery - - - - - > ChemicalPhotovoltaic cell - - - - - > Light(solar cell)Piezio Electric (crystals) - - - - - > Pressure

Generator – A mechanical device that Generator – A mechanical device that produces electricity by a process of rotating produces electricity by a process of rotating a magnet inside a coil of copper wire. A a magnet inside a coil of copper wire. A generator is a transducer that uses rotary generator is a transducer that uses rotary mechanical motion to produces electricity. mechanical motion to produces electricity.

Industrial & Home Electrical Generators

Natural Energy All Renewable All Renewable

Non Consumed when usedNon Consumed when used

SolarSolar

WindWind

WaterWater

GeothermalGeothermal

Energy Existing in Nature

Natural energy sources are Natural energy sources are ALL RENEWABLEALL RENEWABLE

Wind Farm

Wind Turbine Generator

Wind Energy – Comes from the Sun

Heat Energy

Geothermal – heat from the earthGeothermal – heat from the earth

Solar Thermal – heat from the sunSolar Thermal – heat from the sun

Solar Energy

Light energy --Light energy -- Electrical energy Electrical energy

Uses Photovoltaic CellUses Photovoltaic Cell

Water must be Moving•Hydroelectric Power- dams & rivers•Tidal – vertical movement of tides•Wave – using the up/down motion of

waves•Thermal-using the temperature difference

of oceans

Water Energy

Hydroelectric

Tidal

Wave

Oregon State Wave Park

Ocean Thermal

Fuels

Fuels

AdvantagesAdvantages PortablePortable StorableStorable

DisadvantagesDisadvantages PollutePollute

Energy from Fuels

Must Be Burned to Create SteamMust Be Burned to Create Steam PollutePollute

Some are :Some are : RenewableRenewable Non RenewableNon Renewable

Renewable Fuels

Replaceable in a short period of timeReplaceable in a short period of time Biomass - - - - -> Once aliveBiomass - - - - -> Once alive PlantsPlants

Trees-WoodTrees-Wood Corn,Sugar Cane – AlcoholCorn,Sugar Cane – Alcohol

GarbageGarbage

Biomass as Fuels

Non Renewable Fuels

Non Renewable Fuels

Fossil FuelsFossil Fuels Petroleum- OilPetroleum- Oil

GasolineGasolineHeating OilHeating OilPlasticsPlastics

CoalCoal Natural GasNatural Gas

Non Renewable Energy

Nuclear Nuclear Fission - split atomsFission - split atoms Fusion – combine atomsFusion – combine atoms

Energy Conservation

Shut off lightsShut off lights Fluorescent/Compact lightsFluorescent/Compact lights

RecycleReuse

What do biomass and fossil fuels have in common?

BurnablePollute

Name two advantages to fuels and why we use them.

PortablePortableStorableStorable

What energy source do you think is the safest, cleanest, easiest to use?

Hopefully Not

The End