Energy: Conservation and

Transfer

Matter

• Anything that takes up space and has mass

Mass

• The amount of matter in an object

• The gram is the metric unit for mass

Physical Properties of Matter

Observable characteristics that can change without changing their chemical composition.

• Like the Commutative property in math.

• Example: Shredded paper, cut up fruit, lava

States of Matter

• Condensation

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

• Plasma

• Melting Point – The temperature at which solid matter turns to liquid.

• Boiling Point – The temperature at which liquid matter experiences the same pressure as the atmospheric pressure.

• Freezing Point – The temperature at which liquid matter turns to solid.

Chemical Property

A change in matter that produces new substances.

Examples:

• Ability to burn• Wood to ash

• Ability to rust/ react with oxygen• Metal to rust

• Ability to form a new substance with chemical composition different than the original substance.

• Digestion of food

Heat

• The transfer of energy between objects that are at 2 different temperatures.

Conduction

• Conduction is the transfer of heat by the collision of particles; the particles must touch in order to transfer heat. Metals are considered good conductors since they can speedily transfer heat. Stone is also a moderately good conductor, but wood, paper, air, and cloth are poor heat conductors.

Convection

 Transfer of heat from one place to another by the movement of fluids or gases.

Radiation

• The energy radiated by electromagnetic waves through empty space as a result of their temperature; heat travels outward from its source. 

 Transfer

• to convey or remove from one object, place, person, etc., to another.

Electromagnetic Waves

• Electromagnetic waves are formed when an electric field (shown as blue arrows) couples with a magnetic field (shown as red arrows).

• When you listen to the radio, watch TV, or cook dinner in a microwave oven, you are using electromagnetic waves.

Thermal Energy

Thermal energy is the energy of a substance due to the movement of its atoms or molecules.  More the molecules are moving about, the higher the temperature.

Convection Cell

• Moving body of fluid due to the rise of heat and fall (gravity) of cool gases until the heat is no longer heated. (Ex. Current/cycle)

• Convection cells are responsible for making macaroni rise and sink in a pot of boiling water. One of the forces that contributes to lava erupting from a volcano is convection.