Energy Efficiency Standards for Electric Fans

Eng. Khaled Zahran

Sonesta Hotel-Cairo

09 Oct. 2013

Energy Efficiency Standards & Labels for

Residential Appliances EES&L – 2nd. Phase

Residential Sector Electric

Consumption Share

Commercial

6.2%

Industry

37.6%

Residential

36.8%

Governmental &

Utility

15.3%Agriculture

4.1%

Electricity Consumption (2000/2001)

Residential 38%

Utility 4%

Governmental 5%

Public Lights 6%

Commercial& Other

8%

Agriculture 4%

Industry 35%

ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (07/2008)

Total Electricity Consumption = 106.6 TWh

Residential Sector consumption 40.3 TWh

Residential 42%

Utility 5%

Governmental 5%

Public Lights 5%

Commercial& Other

8%

Agriculture 4% Industry

31%

ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (2011/2012)

Total Electricity Consumption = 134 TWh

Residential Sector consumption 56.7 TWh

*Major Appliances

air conditioner, freezer, refrigerator, washing machine, water

heater, air Fan, TV, dishwasher, clothes dryer, kitchen electric

hot plate, Electric furnace, microwave, and building circulating

pump.

*Small Appliances

Grill, toaster, mixer, vacuum cleaner, DVD/MP3 player, HiFi &

home cinema, telephone/answering machine, coffee maker,

computer, laptop, printer, scanner, hair dryer, heater and iron

Appliance Country Average Rated

Power (Kw)

Dishwasher 17 1000 – 1500

Televisions 16 40 – 300

Clothes Dryer 15 1200 – 2400

Air Fan 14 30 – 100

Microwave 13 600–1500

Electric Hot plate 13 1000 – 2000

Electric kettles 4 850 – 2200

Building

Circulator Pumps 4 350 – 2500

17

16

15

14

13 13

4 4

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

COUNTRIES

Source: clasponline.org

The most common appliances have EES&L for the world:

- Dishwasher - TV

- Clothes dryer - Air fan

DISTRIBUTION OF COUNTRIES APPLYING EES&L FOR RESIDENTIAL APPLIANCES

Rated Power for Small appliances

Small Appliance – Watts

Coffee maker 800 – 1200

Toaster 800-1500

Hot plate 1000 – 1200

Vacuum cleaner 1000 - 2000

Iron 1000 - 1500

Heater 750 -3000

laptop 20-50

Desktop Computer 80-150

printer 100

Typewriter 80-200

CD player 35

Portable stereo 10-30

Satellite dish 30

Electric clock 3

SELECTING CRITERIA FOR HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES

A. Degree of saturation

B. Share in energy

consumption

C. Growth rates

D. Expected savings

E. Operation during peak

load period

DEGREE OF SATURATION

FOR HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES

150%

110%

55%

20% 20%

10% 10%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

160%

Air Fan TV Kettle Dishwasher Microwave Electric HotPlate

Clothes dryer

ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

SHARE OF HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES

TV 9%

Refrigerator 23%

Washing machine 13%

Water Heater 9%

Air Condtioner 23%

Fan 5%

Dishwasher 11%

Others 7%

EES&L-UNDP/GEF PHASE II

DEDICATED WORK PLAN FOR SINGLE APPLIANCE

W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4

Improving the Energy Efficiency of Lighting and

Other Building Appliances-UNDP/GEF Phase II

Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential Appliances

Dedicated Work Plan for Single Appliance

Prepare for Final Workshop of EES&L and Wrap-up

the Entire Project for the Selected Appliance(s)

Month 6

Select the Targeted Appliance

Develop EES for Selected Appliance

Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5

Progress Ongoing Activities Management

Survey International Related Standards Experiences

Identify Selection Criteria

Analyze Local Market and Identify the Dedicated Appliance

Submit a Summarized Inception Report

Survey Dedicated Appliance's Manufactures

(local manufacturers and importers)

Review International EES and Customize Initial Nuclus

Standard for the Dedicated Appliane

Identify Stakeholders for Standards Committee

Conduct Periodic Follow-up and Assessment Meetings

(Applaince Technical Committee)

Identify Appliance's Energy Efficiency Indicator

for the Dedicated Applaince

Identify Targeted Participants

Prepare Formal Invitations and Workshop Agenda

Prepare Technical Documents

Submit Final Report

Identify EE Testing Procedures for the Dedicated Appliance

Determine Energy Consumption Levels for the Dedicated Applaince

Prepare EES Draft for the Dedicated Appliance

Develop Final EES Draft for the Dedicated Appliance

Growth rates for appliances

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

TV Air Fan Kettel Dishwasher Microwave Clothes dryer Electric Hot Plate

The highest Growth rates for appliances: - TV - Air fan - Kettle - Dishwasher

Air Fan Growth Rate

1300

2000

2500

4000

5600

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

2007/2006 2008/2007 2009/2008 2010/2009 2011/2010

Pro

du

ctio

n R

ate

10

00

Un

its

APPLIANCES OPERATING LOADS

IN PEAK LOAD PERIOD

90% 90%

50%

40% 40%

30% 30%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Air Fan TV Dishwasher Clothes dryer Kettle Microwave Electric Hot Plate

Peak Load Period

Main Selection Criteria for Electric Fan

Number of Residential Customers 20 million

Fan energy use 60 watt

Electric Power Station 1.2 GW Equivalent to 5% from the thermal installed capacity

Run-time fans located in the peak time for electric power consumption in the summer

Annual energy consumption 1728 GWh/Year

Air fans sales in 2010/2011 rose to 5.6 million fan represents about 340 MWh

ELECTRIC FANS, TYPES

Ceiling Fans

Table Fans

Floor Fans

Window Fans Fans mounted to poles or walls

Air Flow: 1300-3600 m3/h Rated capacity: 40-60 W

Air Flow: 3000-5000 m3/h Rated capacity: 60-100 W

Air Flow: 2000-4500 m3/h Rated capacity: 50-70 W

Air Flow: 2000-4000 m3/h Rated capacity: 40-60 W

Air Flow: 1300-3600 m3/h Rated capacity: 40-60 W

Energy Flow Through a Fan System

A typical fan system consists of a motor, motor control, mechanical drive, and the fan. Power flows from left to right, with each component rejecting a portion of the input

energy as a result of inefficiencies. Energy efficiency of each component is the ratio of the output power to the input

power. The fan imparts energy to the air stream by converting mechanical power at the fan

shaft to air power at the outlet. Some of the input energy is rejected due to aerodynamic losses, mechanical losses

(e.g., bearings), and, to a much lesser extent, acoustic losses. The total efficiency of the fan is given by the ratio of air power to fan shaft power.

Egyptian Standard

ELECTRIC CIRCULATING FANS AND REGULATORS

• Part : 1 (ES: 537-1/ 2011)

PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS and CONSTRUCTION

• PART : 2 (ES: 537-2/ 2005)

SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

Air Fan International Standard

For Minimum Energy Performance Standard

Country Type Test Standards

International Ceiling Pedestal Table

IEC 60879 Performance and construction of electric circulating fans and regulators

India Ceiling Pedestal Table

IS 374:1979 IS 1169:1967 IS 555:1979

Sir Lanka Ceiling SLS 814:1988

Bangladesh Ceiling Pedestal Table

BDS 818 BDS 843 BDS 844

Canada Ceiling CSA C 814-96-1998

Ceiling Fans — Air Delivery Test

(1) See IEC, IS, or SLSI test procedure for ceiling fans. (2) CSA specifies an omni-directional hot-wire anemometer; other standards require a vane type anemometer. The airflow measurement device needs to be accurate down to the lowest airflow that needs to be recorded (9.0 m/min.). (3) Typically needed in India if power is taken from the mains (utilities). (4) From IS: 374-1979 but similar to IEC test procedure. (5) IEC 51 – Direct Acting Indicating Analogue electric measuring instruments and their accessories.

Accuracy of Measurement

Air Delivery Test Specifications

International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC 60879 Performance and construction of electric circulating fans and regulators

Scope This standard applies to the following types of electric motor directly driven fans and their associated regulators intended for use on single-phase AC and DC circuits not exceeding 250 V:

a) Fans for household and similar purposes: — ceiling type fans; — table type fans; — pedestal type fans.

b) Fans for use in ships: — deck-head type fans; — cabin type fans.

Wherever applicable the term "fan" used in this standard includes its associated regulator, if any. This standard does not apply to the following types of fans which are covered in separate standards: — jet fans (see I E C Publication 535: Jet Fans and Regulators); — ventilating fans (see I E C Publication 665: A.C. Electric Ventilating Fans and Regulators for Household and Similar Purposes). This standard does not apply to safety requirements for electric circulating fans and regulators, which are covered by IEC Publication 342: Safety Requirements for Electric Fans and Regulators

AIR FAN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC 60879 FOR MINIMUM ENERGY PERFORMANCE STANDARD

Air Fan Energy Performance Test Room

Energy Efficiency Factor airflow per watt of power consumed by the

motor and controls of the fan. CFM/watt: Cubic Feet per Minute/watt measures air flow efficiency for fans; the higher number, the more efficient the unit.

Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for Certified Aerodynamic Performance Rating: the standard defines uniform methods for conducting laboratory tests on housed fans to determine airflow rate, pressure, power and efficiency, at a given speed of rotation.

Criteria for ENERGY STAR Qualified Residential Ceiling

Fans — Minimum Efficacy Levels

Airflow (cfm) Minimum Efficacy Level (cfm/W)

Low At low speed, fans must have a minimum airflow of 1,250 CFM* and an efficiency of 155 cfm/W.

Medium At medium speed, fans must have a minimum airflow of 3,000 CFM* and an efficiency of 100 cfm/W.

High At high speed, fans must have a minimum airflow of 5,000 CFM* and an efficiency of 75 cfm/W.

Taiwan Minimum Energy Performance Value

for Comfort Fans (2002)

Fan type Fan diameter (cm) Performance Ratio

(m3/min/W) Performance Ratio (cfm/W)

Stand Fans

30 0.81 83

35 0.87 89

40 0.92 94

50 0.91 93

60 0.87 89

Ceiling Fans

60 0.87 89

90 1.15 117

120 1.46 149

130 1.45 148

140 1.45 148

150 1.47 150

Table Fans

18 0.64 65

20 0.66 67

23 0.66 67

25 0.67 68

30 0.79 81

35 0.86 88

40 0.91 93

Technology Improvement Options for Electric Fan

• Motor Size – Fan motors are typically sized for quiet operation and long life, not for high efficiency. Motor efficiency generally increases with increasing motor load relative to motor size. If the motor is oversized, the fan operates less efficiently.

• Motor Quality – There is considerable variation between the performance of standard and energy-efficient motors. Improved design, materials, and manufacturing techniques enable energy-efficient motors to accomplish more work per unit of electricity consumed. Most ceiling fans motors are shaded pole induction motors less than 1/8 hp, the least efficient motor type used in household appliances. But even within this motor class there are many design decisions that can significantly affect motor efficiency.

• Fan Blade Design – The weight and aerodynamic drag of the fan blades affect the load on the fan motor. Most fans use flat (angled) fan blades, and simply setting the angle of the blades correctly can result in higher operating efficiencies.

Replacing conventional 1-phase induction motor with energy efficient 1-phase induction motor

Higher efficiency compared to the conventional motor

Rotor bars are made up of copper instead of aluminum

Increase in copper

Increase in Iron

Higher Cost compared to conventional 1-ph. Induction Motor

Example: 70 W input power can be reduce to 50-55 W.

Replacing the conventional 1-phase induction motor with 1-phase /3-phase PMBL DC motor

Higher efficiency compared to the energy efficient 1-phase induction motor at all the speeds

Higher Motor Cost due to the presence of Magnet, Electronics and Sensors

Small pay back period for the additional cost

Difficulty in achieving the sensor less operation due to low operating speed

Single phase PMBL DC motor should have a non-uniform air gap to achieve starting torque at all rotor positions.

In case of fan with 1-ph. PMBL DC motor, when the fan

is switched off, Jerky motion of rotor due to preferred

parking position of the rotor.

Follow;

Technology Improvement Options for Electric Fan

India Star Labels Compared to Estimates of

Potential Ceiling Fan Efficacy

Efficiency Improvement Option % Reduction from Baseline Power

Improved AC Induction Motor (A ) 36%

BLDC Motor (B) 50%

Efficient Blades (C) 15%

A+C 45%

B+C 57%