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8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
1/43
SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
Energy Efficiency in New BuildingsBUILDING SECTOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT
BSEEP SeminarEnergy Efficiency in New Buildings
Gregers Reimann
BSEEP Consultant / IEN Consultants
www.jkr.gov.my/bseep
Kuala Lumpur14 December 2011
Typical CrossSection
0%
10%
20%
30%40%
50%60%
70%
80%
90%100%
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Energy Efficiency Index (kWh/m2/year)
C u
m u
l a t i v
e p e r c e n t i l
Malaysia(41 officebuildings)
Singapore(95 officebuildings)
ST Diamond (2010)75 kWh/m 2 year
GEO (2007)30 kWh/m 2 year
Source of chart:EAEF Project 64 Project leader: Energy Sustainabil ty Unit, Singapore, 2006
8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
2/43
SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
Overview Terminology
The Case for
Energy Efficiency
Case studies +
video
SGBC, Sands, Singapore15 September 2010
Energy Rating of Buildings
Kuala Lumpur14 December 2011
BSEEP: Energy Efficient BuildingsIEN Consultants
Kuala Lumpur14 December 2011
Energy Efficiency in New BuildingsBUILDING SECTOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT
8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
3/43
SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
Building Terminology
Tropical Daylighting (CK Tang & G Reimann)IEN Consultants, www.ien.com.my
Energy Rating of Buildings
EnergyEfficiency (EE)
Green Buildings
EE is a sub-set of Green Buildings
RenewableEnergy (RE)
Solar PV roof (example)
LowCarbon
Emissions
Tropical Daylighting (CK Tang & G Reimann)IEN Consultants, www.ien.com.my
BSEEP: Energy Efficient BuildingsIEN Consultants
Kuala Lumpur14 December 2011
Energy Efficiency in New BuildingsBUILDING SECTOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT
8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
4/43
SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
Energy Efficiency vs. GreenEnergy efficiency is an important sub-set of Green Building Rating Schemes
Tropical Daylighting (CK Tang & G Reimann)IEN Consultants, www.ien.com.my
35 35
7910 10
14
2616
14
11
32
1521
8
67
7
20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
&
100
106
Min 30 pts/Max 50 Pts
Min 20 pts/Max 50 Pts
Bonus of 20pts
Total of120 pts
Point allocation under three Green Building Rating Schemes
BSEEP: Energy Efficient BuildingsIEN Consultants
Kuala Lumpur14 December 2011
Energy Efficiency in New BuildingsBUILDING SECTOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT
8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
5/43
SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
The CO 2 Emission Goal
7
1
01234
5678
AverageMalaysian Sustainable Levelby 2050
Ton CO2emissions per
person per year
World average (2010):5 ton CO 2 per person
BSEEP: Energy Efficient BuildingsIEN Consultants
Kuala Lumpur14 December 2011
Energy Efficiency in New BuildingsBUILDING SECTOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT
1 ton CO2 emission challenge at COP15, Copenhagen, 2009
Energy Efficiency plays a keyrole in achieving this goal
8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
6/43
SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
Most cheap CO 2 savings in building sector
Cost of CO 2 savingsUS dollars / ton CO 2 equivalents
G i g a - t o n
o f C O
2
e q u
i v a
l e n
t s p e r y e a r
CO 2 savings
Source: IPCC
Low Energy Buildings: GEO and ST Diamond BuildingIEN Consultants, www.ien.com.my
SGBC, Sands, Singapore15 September 2010
BSEEP: Energy Efficient BuildingsIEN Consultants
Kuala Lumpur14 December 2011
Energy Efficiency in New BuildingsBUILDING SECTOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT
8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
7/43
SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 20079 NIRAS
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
110%
0 5 10 15 20 25
mill. toe Estimated Avoided Fossil Fuel Consum tion in 2020 / For NGV Gasoline is Re laced b Natural Gas
T y p i c
a l E I R R
f o r
S e l e c t e d
T e
c h n o l o g y
O p t i o n
3.1 Electricity savings in new and existing commercial buildings (30%/15% electricity savings)
1.1 Palm-diesel in transportation (B20)
2.1 Electricity and fuel savings in manufacturing (mainly cement, food, iron&steel, rubber, wood)
2.4 NG-fired CHP in iron&steel/non-metallic/textile (10%) (replacing 10% of process heat)
5.2 BioGen Small-Scale (120 MW)
2.2 Biomass boilers in manufacturing (Coal Substitution w/PKS)
5.1 Co-firing of coal and PKS
2.4 NG-fired CHP in paper (replacing 10% of process heat)
2.4 NG-fired CCP in education/"other" (replacing 25% of el. for cooling)
2.4 Biomass-fired CHP Large-Scale
100% or above
0% or below
3.1 Electricity savings in new and existing residential buildings (30%/15% electricity savings)
1.2 NGV in transportation (20% of gasoline)
2.2 Biomass boilers in manufacturing (Coal Substitution w/PKS)
2.4 NG-fired CHP in machinery (replacing 10% of process heat)
2.1 LPG savings in manufacturing (mainly cement, food, iron&steel, rubber, wood)
2.5 Solar dryer in manufacturing, 4.1, 4.2 waste-to-energy (w/CDM)2.4 NG-fired CHP in rubber/food (replacing 10% of process heat)
2.1 NG savings in manufacturing (mainly cement, food, iron&steel, rubber, wood)
5.1 Co-firing of coal and EFB-bales, POFF
Energy Efficiency has a good Economic Internal Rate of Return
(Input to 9th Malaysian Plan by Danida, 2005)
EE inCommercial Buildings
EE inResidential Buildings
Everything above this 10% line is a good investment
8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
8/43
SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
Tropical Daylighting (CK Tang & G Reimann)IEN Consultants, www.ien.com.my
Energy Efficiency in Buildings hasZero or Negative Abatement Cost
Kuala Lumpur14 December 2011
Energy Efficiency in New BuildingsBUILDING SECTOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT
Study for India
8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
9/43
SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
Good Economy in
Energy Efficient BuildingsMalaysia
5% extra construction cost
50% reduction in energy use
60% reduction in water use
5 year payback
United States
2-7% extra construction cost
64% higher sales price
36% higher rental rates
5% higher occupancy rates
Source:US National Study, EnergyStar and LEED buildings, 2008 NB: Building location skews numbers
Source: IEN Consultants, 2010
Conclusion:Expensive not to be energy efficient
Low Energy Buildings: GEO and ST Diamond BuildingIEN Consultants, www.ien.com.my
SGBC, Sands, Singapore15 September 2010
BSEEP: Energy Efficient BuildingsIEN Consultants
Kuala Lumpur14 December 2011
Energy Efficiency in New BuildingsBUILDING SECTOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT
8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
10/43
SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
Cost of Sustainable Buildings(Example: Low Energy Office building)
Key data: Gross Floor Area: 20,000 m
Energy Index: 114 kWh/m/year Additional EE construction cost: 5% Payback: 5 years Annual energy savings: ~ RM 600,000
Energy Efficiency(EE) Features:
- Daylighting- EE lighting- EE office equipment- EE ventilation- Controls & Sensors- Orientation- Insulation- Energy management
2006 Winner of:
ASEAN Building Energy Award
Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, Putrajaya, Malaysia
Energy bill comparison (RM/m year)
8 neighbouring office buildings
LEO
Average
E l e c t r i c i t y +
d i s t r i c t c o o l i n g b i l l s ( R M
/ m / y
e a r )
Two tenderso without energy efficient featureso with energy efficient features
Findingso 5% extra costo 50% energy savingso 5 year payback
Low Energy Buildings: GEO and ST Diamond BuildingIEN Consultants, www.ien.com.my
SGBC, Sands, Singapore15 September 2010
BSEEP: Energy Efficient BuildingsIEN Consultants
Kuala Lumpur14 December 2011
Energy Efficiency in New BuildingsBUILDING SECTOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT
Year of completion: 2004
8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
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SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
No / Low Cost for Energy Efficiency
Tropical Daylighting (CK Tang & G Reimann)IEN Consultants, www.ien.com.my
0
50
100
150
200
250
90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 108 110
( 10 )
Public tender for Government Office Tower in Kuala Lumpur
Low Energy Buildings: GEO and ST Diamond BuildingIEN Consultants, www.ien.com.my
SGBC, Sands, Singapore15 September 2010
BSEEP: Energy Efficient BuildingsIEN Consultants
Kuala Lumpur14 December 2011
Energy Efficiency in New BuildingsBUILDING SECTOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT
8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
12/43
SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
No / Low Cost for Energy Efficiency
Tropical Daylighting (CK Tang & G Reimann)IEN Consultants, www.ien.com.my
Public tender for Government Office Tower in Kuala Lumpur
0
50
100
150
200
250
90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 108 110
( 10 )
Low Energy Buildings: GEO and ST Diamond BuildingIEN Consultants, www.ien.com.my
SGBC, Sands, Singapore15 September 2010
BSEEP: Energy Efficient BuildingsIEN Consultants
Kuala Lumpur14 December 2011
Energy Efficiency in New BuildingsBUILDING SECTOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT
Anotherexample:
LEED Platinumprojects can be2% cheaper
Bill Odel, HOKGroup (WGBC,2010)
8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
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SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
How to Design Energy Efficient Buildings?
Energy supply
Too hot
Too humid
Comfort zone
(air-con) Comfort zone(naturalventilation)
Tropicalweather
DESIGN WITHTHE CLIMATE
Energy wastage
FIRST ENERGY EFFICIENCY,THEN RENEWABLE ENERGY
(plug the holes)
Low Energy Buildings: GEO and ST Diamond BuildingIEN Consultants, www.ien.com.my
SGBC, Sands, Singapore15 September 2010
BSEEP: Energy Efficient BuildingsIEN Consultants
Kuala Lumpur14 December 2011
Energy Efficiency in New BuildingsBUILDING SECTOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT
8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
14/43
SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
Where is the building energy consumed?(energy-breakdown of low, medium and high energy consuming office buildings)
Energy Index
-30.0
-10.0
10.0
30.0
50.0
70.0
90.0
110.0
130.0
150.0
F a n E n e r g y
S m a l
l
P o w e r
L i g h t i n g
C h i l l e r
E n e r g y
F a n
G a
i n
L i g h t i n g
G a
i n
S m a
l l
P o w e r
G a
i n
S o
l a r
G a
i n
E x t
C o n
d u c
t i o n
G a
i n
P p
l G a
i n
D
e h u m
i d
P p
l L a
t e n
t
G a
i n
D
e h u m
i d
F r e s
h A i r
F r e s
h A i r
G a
i n
k W
h / m 2 y e a r
WorstBasemewc
Chiller Energy Breakdown
Good
Low Energy Office building(Malaysia)
Low Energy Buildings: GEO and ST Diamond BuildingIEN Consultants, www.ien.com.my
SGBC, Sands, Singapore15 September 2010
Focus areas
Comment: Unfortunately, little/no focus on Small power ingreen building certification schemes
Building cases
BSEEP: Energy Efficient BuildingsIEN Consultants
Kuala Lumpur14 December 2011
Energy Efficiency in New BuildingsBUILDING SECTOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT
8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
15/43
SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
Nega-Watts (not Mega-Watts)
Saving new power plants
Low Energy Buildings: GEO and ST Diamond BuildingIEN Consultants, www.ien.com.my
SGBC, Sands, Singapore15 September 2010
BSEEP: Energy Efficient BuildingsIEN Consultants
Kuala Lumpur14 December 2011
Energy Efficiency in New BuildingsBUILDING SECTOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT
8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
16/43
SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
Energy Index of Office Buildingsin Malaysia
0
50
100
150
200
250
300 kWh/m2
year
Stop the leaks
Leaks stopped
BSEEP: Energy Efficient BuildingsIEN Consultants
Kuala Lumpur14 December 2011
Energy Efficiency in New BuildingsBUILDING SECTOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT
8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
17/43
SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
Advertising against Energy Efficiency
New Straits TimesJanuary 2002, Malaysia
Low Energy Buildings: GEO and ST Diamond BuildingIEN Consultants, www.ien.com.my
SGBC, Sands, Singapore15 September 2010
BSEEP: Energy Efficient BuildingsIEN Consultants
Kuala Lumpur14 December 2011
Energy Efficiency in New BuildingsBUILDING SECTOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT
8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
18/43
8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
19/43
8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
20/43
SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
Energy Consumption Breakdown (ST Diamond Building)
49%
19%
16%
16%
Electricity consumption percentages
Note:o District cooling has been converted to electricity using SCOP of only 3.8 (close to real figure)
FuturArc Forum 20117 Oct 2011, Singapore
IEN Consultantswww.ien.com.my
FuturArc Forum 201113 Oct 2011, Bangkok
BSEEP: Energy Efficient BuildingsIEN Consultants
Kuala Lumpur14 December 2011
Energy Efficiency in New BuildingsBUILDING SECTOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT
8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
21/43
8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
22/43
SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
Typical CrossSection
Building Energy Index (with Solar PV)
0%
10%
20%30%
40%
50%60%
70%80%
90%
100%
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Energy Efficiency Index (kWh/m2/year)
C u m u
l a t i v
e p e r c e n t i l
Malaysia(41 officebuildings)
Singapore(95 officebuildings)
ST Diamond (2010)75 kWh/m 2 year
LEO (2004)100 kWh/m 2 year
GEO (2007)
30 kWh/m 2 year
Source of chart: EAEF Project 64 Project leader: Energy Sustainabilty Unit, Singapore, 2006
Low Energy Buildings: GEO and ST Diamond BuildingIEN Consultants, www.ien.com.my
SGBC, Sands, Singapore15 September 2010
BSEEP: Energy Efficient BuildingsIEN Consultants
Kuala Lumpur14 December 2011
Energy Efficiency in New BuildingsBUILDING SECTOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT
8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
23/43
SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
Cooling transport (Focus item 1)
o Shift cooling transport from air to water(GEO and ST Diamond have floor slab cooling)
o Key things to do- reduce pressure losses- use efficient pumps, fans and motors- use VSD
Energy Index
-30.0
-10.0
10.0
30.0
50.0
70.0
90.0
110.0
130.0
150.0
F a n
E n e r g y
S m a l
l
P o w e r
L i g h t i n g
C h i l l e r
E n e r g y
F a n G a i n
L i g h t i n g
G a i n
S m a l l
P o w e r G a i n
S o l a r G a i n
E x
t
C o n d u c
t i o n
G a i n
P p l G a i n
D e h u m i d
P p l L a t e n t
G a i n
D e h u
m i d
F r e s h A i r
F r e s h A i r
G a i n
k W h / m 2 y e a r
WorstBasemewc
Chiller Energy Breakdown
Good
Low Energy Office building(Malaysia)
Building cases
Low Energy Buildings: GEO and ST Diamond BuildingIEN Consultants, www.ien.com.my
SGBC, Sands, Singapore15 September 2010
BSEEP: Energy Efficient BuildingsIEN Consultants
Kuala Lumpur14 December 2011
Energy Efficiency in New BuildingsBUILDING SECTOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT
8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
24/43
SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
Small Power (Focus item 2)
o Use efficient office equipment(GEO and ST Diamond have efficient IT purchasing policies)
o Key things to do- laptops / thin clients- efficient printers (shared)- efficient task lights
Energy Index
-30.0
-10.0
10.0
30.0
50.0
70.0
90.0
110.0
130.0
150.0
F a n
E n e r g y
S m a l
l
P o w e r
L i g h t i n g
C h i l l e r
E n e r g y
F a n G a i n
L i g h t i n g
G a i n
S m a l l
P o w e r G a i n
S o l a r G a i n
E x
t
C o n d u c
t i o n
G a i n
P p l G a i n
D e h u m i d
P p l L a t e n t
G a i n
D e h u
m i d
F r e s h A i r
F r e s h A i r
G a i n
k W h / m 2 y e a r
WorstBasemewc
Chiller Energy Breakdown
Good
Low Energy Office building(Malaysia)
Building cases
Low Energy Buildings: GEO and ST Diamond BuildingIEN Consultants, www.ien.com.my
SGBC, Sands, Singapore15 September 2010
BSEEP: Energy Efficient BuildingsIEN Consultants
Kuala Lumpur14 December 2011
Energy Efficiency in New BuildingsBUILDING SECTOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT
8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
25/43
8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
26/43
SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
Air-conditioning (Focus item 4)
o Design for high cooling system efficiency(ST Diamond has district cooling. GEO building designed with innovativeriver roof cooling tower)
o Key things to do- high chiller COP- reduce head on pumps and use VSD- VSD on both sides of chiller
- air-tightness- energy recovery- Liquid desiccant dehumidification(promising technology)
Energy Index
-30.0
-10.0
10.0
30.0
50.0
70.0
90.0
110.0
130.0
150.0
F a n
E n e r g y
S m a l
l
P o w e r
L i g h t i n g
C h i l l e r
E n e r g y
F a n G a i n
L i g h t i n g
G a i n
S m a l l
P o w e r G a i n
S o l a r G a i n
E x
t
C o n d u c
t i o n
G a i n
P p l G a i n
D e h u m i d
P p l L a t e n t
G a i n
D e h u
m i d
F r e s h A i r
F r e s h A i r
G a i n
k W h / m 2 y e a r
WorstBasemewc
Chiller Energy Breakdown
Good
Low Energy Office building(Malaysia)
Building cases
Low Energy Buildings: GEO and ST Diamond BuildingIEN Consultants, www.ien.com.my
SGBC, Sands, Singapore15 September 2010
BSEEP: Energy Efficient BuildingsIEN Consultants
Kuala Lumpur14 December 2011
Energy Efficiency in New BuildingsBUILDING SECTOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT
8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
27/43
SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
Solar Geometry
SITETilted 16 from North
Solar Path for MalaysiaLatitude 3.1 North
25 Faade Tilt Angle
Solar GeometryThe solar path was usedto sculpt the buildinggeometry. The 25 tiltangle of the facades
ensures that North andSouth facades are fullyself-shaded during thehottest mid-day hours. Forthe East and the Westfacades, the tilting faadehelps to reduce the solar
impact by 41%.The tilted glazing admits more of the desirable diffuselight reflected off the landscape for glare freedaylighting use in the building
EastWest
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SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
Typical Cross Section
Mirrorlightshelf
Fixedblinds for
glarecontrol
Daylight
reflectedonto
ceiling
Facade Daylighting System
Energy efficient lighting controls:Light sensor (automatic off), manual wall switch (on)
+ individual table lamps
BSEEP: Energy Efficient BuildingsIEN Consultants
Kuala Lumpur14 December 2011
Energy Efficiency in New BuildingsBUILDING SECTOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT
8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
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SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
Self-shaded facade
from direct sun
Diffuse light deflectedinto room by lightshelfand window sill
LIGHT REFLECTIONS FROM:Lightshelf + Window sill
Lightshelf only
Window sill only
Mirror lightshelf with fixed louver
Faade Daylight DesignThe building is 50% daylit. The faade daylighting system consists of a mirror lightshelf and a white painted window sill.Both deflect daylight onto the white ceiling for improved daylight distribution until 5 meters from the faade + 2 additionalmeters of corridor space. Fixed white louvres with top surface mirror finish on the top side are mounted with a 30 tilt angleabove the lightshelf for glare protection while still allowing daylight to be deflected onto the ceiling. To increase daylightthrow into the rooms, the suspended ceiling was omitted giving a floor to ceiling height of 3.7 m.
FACADE
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SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
Tannenbaumreflector panel onlevels 4 and 5Atrium Daylight Design
The atrium has been carefully designed optimize daylight utilization for each floor employing the combination of thefollowing three strategies:1. Automated blind with six different configuration to maintain the appropriate daylighting levels at all times. The blinds with 30% light
transmittance are adjusted every 15 minutes and follow a three different control strategies for morning, mid-day and evening2. The windows size becomes larger deeper into the atrium to cater for lower daylight levels3. A band of Tannenbaum reflector panels are applied to 4 th and 5 th floor to deflect daylight across the atrium to 1 st and 2 nd floor where daylight
levels are the lowest. The christmas tree profile reflectors have an inclination of 10
and reflect about 85% of the light in semi-diffusemanner, hence, avoiding visual glare issues for the building occupants.
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SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
Light Trough
Pleasant daylight in the deepest part of the building
Roof top
7 th floor
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SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Corridor
Table atrium
Useful range for office work
(100 2000 lux)
Measured
Lux meter ILux meter IILux meter IIILux meter IIILux meter IVLux meter V
Bright sunOvercast
Lux meter V
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SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
Step-in Design (Self-Shading, GEO building)
NN
Low Energy Buildings: GEO and ST Diamond BuildingIEN Consultants, www.ien.com.my
SGBC, Sands, Singapore15 September 2010
BSEEP: Energy Efficient BuildingsIEN Consultants
Kuala Lumpur14 December 2011
Energy Efficiency in New BuildingsBUILDING SECTOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT
8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
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SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
Direct Sunlight Cut Off, Only Diffuse Light Enters Rooms
Photo taken on 12 June 2007 (North facade)
Low Energy Buildings: GEO and ST Diamond BuildingIEN Consultants, www.ien.com.my
SGBC, Sands, Singapore15 September 2010
BSEEP: Energy Efficient BuildingsIEN Consultants
Kuala Lumpur14 December 2011
Energy Efficiency in New BuildingsBUILDING SECTOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT
R f Li h
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SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
Roof Lights
Low Energy Buildings: GEO and ST Diamond BuildingIEN Consultants, www.ien.com.my
SGBC, Sands, Singapore15 September 2010
BSEEP: Energy Efficient BuildingsIEN Consultants
Kuala Lumpur14 December 2011
Energy Efficiency in New BuildingsBUILDING SECTOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT
8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
37/43
SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
Daylight Responsive Lighting
Lighting Control Automatic off (light sensor and/or occupancy sensor) Manual on (people press the wall switch) Use task light (table lamp)
Lighting Zone 1 Lighting Zone 2
Measured lighting: 0.56 W/m2(factor 25 below building code)
Low Energy Buildings: GEO and ST Diamond BuildingIEN Consultants, www.ien.com.my
SGBC, Sands, Singapore15 September 2010
BSEEP: Energy Efficient BuildingsIEN Consultants
Kuala Lumpur14 December 2011
Energy Efficiency in New BuildingsBUILDING SECTOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT
8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
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SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
Manifold for pipes coming out of RC slabFloor slab cooling pipes laid before pouring concrete Suspended ceiling omitted not to restrict slab cooling
Floor Slab CoolingFlexible 22 mm PERT pipes are embedded in the RC slabs duringconstruction to make the building structure function as a thermalstorage system. At night 18 C cold water is circulated in the slabs
cooling them down to about 21
C. During the day-time, the systemis shut off, and floor slab passively absorbs heat gains frompeople, computers, solar gains etc. The advantages of the floorslab cooling system are: Reduces cooling transport energy by 64% because it is moreefficient to transport cooling with water than with air Shifts much of the cooling to the slabs, so the AHU system canbe down-sized about 30%
Shifts 30-40% of the cooling to night time, so building can savecost from the lower off-peak energy rates and from reducedmaximum demand charge
One week temperaturedata(simulated by Transsolar)
l d G f
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Insulated Green Roof
NAME Material Thickness (m)
Thermalconductance (W
/ m K)
Thermalresistance(m2 K / W)
U-value(W/m2
K)Green roof Air film, outdoors 0.055(Ar2) Turf (Zoysia matrella) 0.360
Sand bedding 20 mm (a: sand stone) 0.02 1.298 0.200
Soil mixture 100 mm 0.1 0.375 0.267Geotextile 10 mm (vermiculite loose granules) 0.01 0.065 0.154Gravel 30 mm (stone granite) 0.03 2.927 0.010Screed 50 mm (lightweight) 0.05 0.303 0.165Waterproofing 5 mm (asphalt roofing) 0.005 1.226 0.004Insulation 50 mm (spray foam) 0.050 0.0272 1.838Screed 25 mm (lightweight) 0.025 0.303 0.083RC slab (200 mm) 0.2 1.442 0.139
Air film, indoors (flat roof) 0.1620.29
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Roof Insulation Studies(Using steady-state finite element simulation to optimize insulation designs of upstand beams on roof)
Option A
Not insulated
Option B50 mm thick rim insulation
Option C50 mm thick full insulation
FuturArc Forum 20117 Oct 2011, Singapore
IEN Consultantswww.ien.com.my
FuturArc Forum 201113 Oct 2011, Bangkok
BSEEP: Energy Efficient BuildingsIEN Consultants
Kuala Lumpur14 December 2011
Energy Efficiency in New BuildingsBUILDING SECTOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT
I l d C R f
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Insulated Concrete Roof
NAME MaterialThickness
(m)
Thermalconductance
(W / m K)
Thermalresistance(m 2 K / W)
U-value(W/m 2 K)
Concrete roof Air film, outdoors 0.055(Ar1) Screed 50 mm (lightweight) 0.05 0.303 0.165
Waterproofing 5 mm (asphalt roofing) 0.005 1.226 0.004Insulation 100 mm (styrofoam) 0.10 0.028 3.571Screed 25 mm (lightweight) 0.025 0.303 0.083RC slab (200 mm) 0.2 1.442 0.139Air film, indoors (flat roof) 0.162
0.24
NB. To minimise cold-bridging through the roof slab, all concrete plinths, columns and walls were insulated with a 25 mm thick layer ofspray-foam up until 400 mm height above the RC slab
FuturArc Forum 20117 Oct 2011, Singapore
IEN Consultantswww.ien.com.my
FuturArc Forum 201113 Oct 2011, Bangkok
BSEEP: Energy Efficient BuildingsIEN Consultants
Kuala Lumpur14 December 2011
Energy Efficiency in New BuildingsBUILDING SECTOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT
8/12/2019 Energy Efficient Buildings - Gregers
42/43
SB07, KLCC, Malaysia6 November 2007
Greenery cooling the surroundings
GROUND LEVELLandscape all around the building
ROOF LEVELGrass turf on much of the roof
Concrete roof Grass roof
35.1 C 30.6 C
FuturArc Forum 20117 Oct 2011, Singapore
IEN Consultantswww.ien.com.my FuturArc Forum 201113 Oct 2011, BangkokBSEEP: Energy Efficient BuildingsIEN Consultants Kuala Lumpur14 December 2011
Energy Efficiency in New BuildingsBUILDING SECTOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT
Final Slide
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Typical CrossSection
Final Slide
0%
10%
20%30%
40%
50%60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Energy Efficiency Index (kWh/m2/year)
C u m
u l a t i v
e p e r c e n t i l
Malaysia(41 officebuildings)
Singapore(95 officebuildings)
ST Diamond (2010)85 kWh/m 2 year
LEO (2004)100 kWh/m 2 year
GEO (2007)
65 kWh/m2
year
Stamp of approvalPost Malaysia green building stamp series 2009
Low Energy Buildings: GEO and ST Diamond BuildingIEN Consultants, www.ien.com.my SGBC, Sands, Singapore15 September 2010
Thank you
BSEEP: Energy Efficient BuildingsIEN Consultants Kuala Lumpur14 December 2011Energy Efficiency in New BuildingsBUILDING SECTOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT