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Energy-Efficient Signal Processing Techniques For Smart Grid Heterogeneous
Communication Networks
Prof. Naofal Al-Dhahir Prof. Brian L. Evans
Univ. of Texas at Dallas Univ. of Texas at Austin
SRC GRC ICSS S7.1 Smart Grid Applications
Task ID: 1836.133
May 7, 2014
Project Kickoff Presentation
2
Task Description:Improve rate, reliability, and energy efficiency of two-way wireless and powerline communications (PLC) between smart meters & data concentrators in smart grids
Anticipated Results: Signal processing algorithms and real-time prototypes to demonstrate enhanced performance of wireless and PLC transceivers for smart grids
PI/Co-PI:Prof. N. Al-Dhahir (UT-Dallas) and B. L. Evans (UT-Austin)
Current Students (with expected graduation dates):Ms. Jing Lin Ph.D. (May 2014) Summer 2013 intern at TIMr. Karl Nieman Ph.D. (May 2015) Summer 2013 intern at FreescaleMr. Mostafa Ibrahim Ph.D. (May 2017) Summer 2014 intern at TI
Industrial Liaisons:Dr. Anuj Batra (TI), Dr. Anand Dabak (TI) and Dr. Khurram Waheed (Freescale)
Starting Date:February 1, 2014
Task Summary | Smart Grids | Focus | Tasks | Highlights
SRC GRC Task 1836.133 Al-Dhahir and Evans
3
Central power plant
Wind farm
Houses Offices
HV-MV Transformer
Industrial plant
Utility control center
Integrating distributed energy resources
Smart meters
Automated control for smart appliances
Grid status monitoring
Device-specific billing
High Voltage (HV)33 kV – 765 kV
Medium Voltage (MV)1 kV – 33 kV
Smart Grid
Task Summary | Smart Grids | Focus | Tasks | Highlights
4
Smart Grid Goals
• Accommodate all generation types
• Improve operating efficienciesScale voltage with energy demand
Bill customer using real-time rates
Reduce peak demand (duty cycling)
Analyze customer load profiles
Analyze system load snapshots
• Improve system reliabilityMonitor power quality
Disconnect/reconnect remotely
Notify outage/restoration event
• Inform customer
Source: Jerry Melcher, IEEE Smart Grid Short Course, 22 Oct. 2011, Austin TX USA
Enabled bytwo-waysmart meter communications
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Task Summary | Smart Grids | Focus | Tasks | Highlights
Project Focus
Focus: neighborhood-area smart utility network between a data concentrator and smart meters along two paths:
1) Low-voltage power lines in 3-500 kHz band
2) Unlicensed 902-928 MHz wireless band
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PLC example: transformer in USAand rare elsewhere
Task Summary | Smart Grids | Focus | Tasks | Highlights
SRC GRC Task 1836.133 Al-Dhahir and Evans
Task Deliverables
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Date Task
June 2015
Algorithms/software for low-complexity interference cancellation methods that exploit channel and interference characteristics to reduce bit error rate by 10x
August 2015
Architecture/algorithm for PLC-wireless diversity combining method with at least 2x improvement in energy efficiency over state of the art
January 2017
Efficient wireless coexistence mechanisms in the unlicensed 902-928 MHz frequency band
January 2017
Demonstrations on UT Austin wireless and PLC testbeds
Task Summary | Smart Grids | Focus | Tasks | Highlights
SRC GRC Task 1836.133 Al-Dhahir and Evans
PLC/Wireless Diversity
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• Simultaneous PLC/wireless transmissions are independent and experience different interference characteristics
• Goal: Improve reliability of smart grid communications using PLC/wireless receive diversity combining methods
Task Summary | Smart Grids | Focus | Tasks | Highlights
SRC GRC Task 1836.133 Al-Dhahir and Evans
8
Unlicensed Wireless Comm. vs. PLC SystemsUnlicensed Wireless
CommunicationsNarrowband Powerline
Communications (3-500 kHz)
Power loss vs. distance d
d –n/2
n is propagation constante – a(f) d
plus attenuation from transformers
Propagation Dynamic Static (fixed grid topology)
Additive noise/ interference model
Gaussian noise Gaussian noise +Cyclostationary interference
Asynchronous interference
Uncoordinated users in unlicensed bands using same/other standards
Power electronics and uncoordinated users
using other standards
Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO)
Enhance data rate (spatial multiplexing) &
reliability (diversity);Adopted in Wi-Fi and
cellular standards
Enhance data rate through spatial multiplexing (not much diversity);
Adopted in G.9964 standard forin-home broadband PLC
Task Summary | Smart Grids | Focus | Tasks | Highlights
SRC GRC Task 1836.133 Al-Dhahir and Evans
9
Wireless Coexistence Mechanisms
• Interference avoidance and/or management• Between IEEE 802.11ah and IEEE 802.15.4g smart utility networks
in the unlicensed 902-928 MHz band
• Receiver-based: channel sensing• Enhanced low-power algorithms that exploit signal waveform
properties
• Transmitter-based: dynamic spectrum management • Adjust transmit power/bandwidth dynamically to reduce mutual
interference• Long successful track record in DSL and other standards
• Goal: Enable coexistence of IEEE 802.11ah and IEEE 802.15.4g smart utility networks
Task Summary | Smart Grids | Focus | Tasks | Highlights
SRC GRC Task 1836.133 Al-Dhahir and Evans
Interference Cancellation
• Interference limits performance• Cyclostationary noise for PLC
• Period is half AC power cycle• Spectrum varies with time• Modeled as Gaussian noise
feeding three different filters
• Asynchronous noise in unlicensed wireless bands• Modeled as Gaussian mixture
• High-complexity receivers reduce bit error rates 10x-100x• Goal: Find low-complexity methods using joint transmitter-
receiver processing with similar reduction in bit error rates
10Task Summary | Smart Grids | Focus | Tasks | Highlights
SRC GRC Task 1836.133 Al-Dhahir and Evans
PLC and Wireless Testbeds
• Three PLC testbeds for earlier SRC GRC Task 1836.063• TI PLC modems controlled by NI hardware/software
• Collected and analyzed field measurements• Demonstrated lack of diversity for transmitting over two phases
• Freescale PLC modems controlled by PC• Collected and analyzed field measurements• Developed bit allocation based on previous estimates of interference
• Xilinx FPGAs controlled by NI hardware/software• Mapped interference cancellation algorithms onto FPGAs in realtime
• Goal: Develop testbeds to evaluate communication performance vs. complexity tradeoffs for the other tasks
11Task Summary | Smart Grids | Focus | Tasks | Highlights
SRC GRC Task 1836.133 Al-Dhahir and Evans
Project Highlights
• PLC-wireless diversity combining task• Completed characterization of wireless link and PLC link• Investigating diversity combining schemes based on both average
and instantaneous SNR measurements
• Low-power interference cancellation task• PLC case: Ms. Lin completed PhD dissertation May 2014: Robust
Transceivers for Combating Impulsive Noise in Powerline Comm.• Plans for investigating wireless case in fall 2014 and spring 2015
• Conference calls: TI (monthly) and Freescale (to start)• Synergistic Activities
• Drs. Al-Dhahir, Batra (TI), Dabak (TI), Evans, Waheed (Freescale) organizing 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications in Austin, Mar. 29-Apr. 1
12Task Summary | Smart Grids | Focus | Tasks | Highlights
SRC GRC Task 1836.133 Al-Dhahir and Evans
Thank you for your attention…
Questions?
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