Energy - gpcb-kp.in · Studies and recommendations for setting the energy standards Topicality: ... Worksheet FW 309-1) or global Determination using the following factors:

1 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz

Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe

Planning of New Industrial Parks & Investments Zones

June 2014

Thomas Kraubitz

Energy Input on material presented:

Josef Broll

EGS-Plan Stuttgart

Andreas Koch

EIFER Karlsruhe



Content / Objective

I. Energy efficiency/ Overview of policy framework and

objectives

II. Energy technology / Overview of technical

relationships and opportunities

III. Energy planning / Influence of the urban planner on

the energy efficiency of a city district



Content / Objective



Case Study Europacity Berlin





















Comparison of energy production concepts

Quelle: Stadtökologie in neuen Gewerbequartieren






Case Studies Zero Emission Parks

Quelle: IfaS

Streams of Energy in Industrial District Knippenburg & Kruppwald Bottrop, Germany

Current Situation




Quelle: IfaS

Streams of Energy in Industrial District IG Nord Kaiserslautern, Germany

Current Situation




Quelle: IfaS

Streams of Energy in Industrial District Technology Park Bremen, Germany

Current Situation




Quelle: IfaS

Streams of Energy in Industrial District Knippenburg & Kruppwald Bottrop, Germany

Future Situation




Quelle: IfaS

Streams of Energy in Industrial District IG Nord Kaiserslautern, Germany

Future Situation




Quelle: IfaS

Streams of Energy in Industrial District Technology Park Bremen, Germany

Future Situation



Development of the requirements / construction practice

© IGS



Developments in the built environment / Key words

Low-energy house

Passive house

3-liter house

Zero Energy House

Plus-Energy House

KfW 70 / 55 / 40

Carbon Zero

Building as power plant

Smart City

© STZ-EGS

© STZ-EGS

© STZ-EGS



Level of influence on the energy efficiency

Construction / active

measures Efficient ventilation (WRG)

Efficient heating (heat pump,

CHP)

Renewable energy

Construction / passive

measures Compactness

Heat protection

Optimization of solar gains

Infrastructure / central systems Local heating

District heating

Waste heat, renewable energy, …

Combined heat, cooling and power

Planning and design Compact residential buildings

Shading

Solar optimisation



Energetic evaluation criteria

Quality of the building envelope (HT')

Useful heat demand (heating / cooling energy)

Final energy demand

Primary energy

CO2 emissions

Primary energy factor

Energy standard based on EnEV (e.g. EnEV -30%)



Possible technologies for building cooling

Technology Advantages Disadvantages

Compression chiller Low investment High operating cost,

working with electricity

Absorption chiller Exploitation of cold from heat High investment, large

coolers required

Combined heat,

cooling and power

High utilization of the CHP Few economic and

ecologic benefits

Solar cooling No operating cost, integrated

into the ventilation system,

good addition to DHW

High investment, little

operating experience

Direct cooling

soil, groundwater,

ice storage

Low operating cost High investment



What does not really work…

Seasonal storage of solar heat

in small plants

excessive heat loss

District heating systems with

heat pumps as a heat source

Temperature level ist too high for a heat pump

Combination of solar heating

with CHP

both systems are to be operated in summer,

-> interfere with each other

Operation of absorption chillers

(AKM) with heating

AKM requires high temperature, District heating

is lowered in the summer

Direct cooling from surface

waters

Too high water temperatures in extreme heat

(>20 °C)

Direct heating with PV electricity Current is too valuable for this; Supply and

demand hardly fit together

…but is repeatedly suggested!



Energy planning - Different levels of planning

Local climate protection concepts

Analysis of the entire city / Energy and CO2 balance

strategic development plan for the municipality

Integral energy concepts for new quarters

Analysis of the framework

Collection of ideas for new developments / energetic and economic

reviews / Definition of potential targets

Contribution to urban planning

Building concepts / district heating concepts

Detailed analyzes on the basis of existing structures or concrete

plans Preparing a concrete investment decision



Developing energy concepts

Competition Development

Framework Infrastructure Development

plan

Building

initial ideas, often

very innovative, but

little concrete

Pro

ces

sin

g d

ep

th o

f th

e e

ne

rgy c

on

ce

pt

Establishing building energy

standards, determine the type

of heat supply

Clarify the framework, defining

fundamental technical

possibilities

if necessary, detailed plans

for local / district heating

Building Energy

Concepts



Example: Hartenecker Höhe, Ludwigsburg

First observations in 2005 :

Clarify the boundary conditions,

study principal supply options

Revision in the course of B-

Plan process in 2007/08

Example calculations for

improved energy standards

Demand calculations for the total

area

Investigation of heat supply with

different energy sources

Cost considerations

Ecological assessment

Technical feasibility of

Woodchip plant

Natural- or biogas CHP

Straw heating

Connection to Biomass CHP

Decentralized geothermal

probe heat pump

Implementation (from 2009):

KfW minimum standard 60/40,

funding for KfW 40

central heat supply with

connection to biomass CHP

decentralized heat supply from

renewable energy sources are

permitted in some areas

Development of a support

framework for energy efficient

buildings



ENV2.3 Energy-efficient development layout

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Targets:

Lowering the energy demand and

increasing renewable energy for the

protection of the climate

Lowering emissions in order to

reduce the escalation of global

warming

Lowering the heating demand in

residential buildings by improving

the compactness, orientating them

towards the sun and avoiding

shading

Manual page 173-184

ENV2.3 Energy-efficient development layout

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TEC1.1 Energy technology

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Use of solar energy on roof and facade



Targets:

Creating favourable conditions for a

high degree of energy efficiency from

the outset

Reduction of CO2 emissions and of

energy consumption

© STZ-EGS

© STZ-EGS

© STZ-EGS




TEC1.1.1 Availability of an integrated

energy concept

Method:

Carrying out an examination to establish whether an energy concept was

created during the course of the urban design process. The scope and

requirements of this energy concept are dependent on the planning phase.

Phase 1: General concept

Analysis of existing energy potential and possible networking with existing

energy infrastructure in the area

Creation of energy balances for heating, cooling and electricity

Comparison and environmental assessment of at least 3 remote and / or

central heat supply options

Recommendations for on-going urban design




Phase 2 and 3: Detailed concept

As in phase 1, with the addition of:

An economic assessment of heat supply options (investment and operation

costs)

Studies and recommendations for setting the energy standards

Topicality: not more than 2 years prior to securing building approval





Example of documentation – Energy concept „Esslingen Weststadt“ (excerpt)



TEC1.1.2 Primary energy factor for the

heat supply

Method:

Determination of the primary energy factor fPE (the factor indicates the input

of non-regenerative primary energy for supplying heat) according to the

applicable engineering rules (e.g. DIN 4701-10, Chapter 5.4 or AGFW

Worksheet FW 309-1) or global Determination using the following factors:

No specifications regarding heat supply structure and supply of gas: 1.0

Supply using combined heat and power (CHP) with gas: 0.7

Supply using predominantly renewable energies: 0.4

Supply using renewable energies in CHP: 0.1




Alternatively, the specification of energy standard may also be evaluated, as

this is generally requires an optimisation of the heat supply in terms of

primary energy. The specification of an energy standard of EnEV - x% is

evaluated with a factor of (100-x) / 100

Evaluation:

Max. EP: fPE = 0,1, linear interpolation of calculated intermediate values




TEC1.1.3 Coherent heat supply structure

Method:

Evaluation of the availability of a coherent heat supply structure according

to following criteria:

1. No parallel provision of energy infrastructure, e.g. parallel provision of

gas and district heating grids (except for hotels: A parallel provision of

gas pipelines for cooking is permitted)

2. In the event of district or local heating supply, stipulation of required

connection and use

3. If different types of heat supply are provided in a district, areas are

designated for the individual types of supply (e.g. partial areas with

local / district heating, partial areas with decentralised heat supply)




TEC1.1.4 Flexibility of supply structure with

regard to later adjustment

Method:

An examination is carried out to determine whether there is adequate flexibility

in terms of the temporal development of the supply structures. This is the case

if:

1. A phased development process is accompanied by a phased establishment

of the energy infrastructure (this avoids up-front costs)

2. The supply can be adapted to new situations in response to changing

contextual conditions (e.g. use differs from the planned use in part,

changes in statutory requirements).




TEC1.1.5 Possible exploitation of synergies

Method:

An examination is made to determine whether it is possible to use synergies in

the district energy supply. Synergy effects can be used, for example, by:

1. CHP (Combined Heat and Power Generation)

2. Use of waste heat from heat sources inside or outside of the district, such

as industrial waste heat (not applicable to heat recovery in ventilation

systems)

3. Combined use of solar energy for hot water preparation and heating, as

well as solar cooling

The measures described must relate to at least 10% of the total demand for

heating, cooling, domestic hot water and where applicable, cooling.




Targets:

Control of energy consumption

Differentiated, time-dependent data

capture and control of electricity and

thermal energy consumption

Providing the option to read data in

real time from a remote location

Providing users an incentive to

consciously control their energy

needs over time

TEC1.4 Information and telecommunication infrastructure

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TEC1.4.1 Smart Metering

Method:

Assessment of the fitted meters’ range of functions as well as an

assessment of the available consumption rates (media, functionality, time-

differentiated tariffs)

Evaluation of the transmission capacity (bandwidth, cost efficiency) actually

available

Documentation:

Evidence of installation

Technical description of the devices installed

Documentation of specific tariffs offered to consumers in the area




TEC1.4.2 Telecommunications infrastructure

Method:

Evaluation of the bandwidth actually available and evaluation of cost efficiency

in terms of the number of available providers (i.e. the possibility of price

competition).

Documentation:

Documentation of the bandwidth actually available

Documentation of the tariffs of various providers that are actually locally

available




Documents

Energy - gpcb-kp.in · Studies and recommendations for setting the energy standards Topicality: ... Worksheet FW 309-1) or global Determination using the following factors: