ENERGY, INFRASTRUCTURE, ICT LANDS & PHYSICAL PLANNING

THE COUNTY GOVERNMENT OF TANA RIVER

ENERGY, INFRASTRUCTURE, ICT LANDS & PHYSICAL PLANNING SECTORAL PLAN

2018-2028

Embracing Urbanization for Sustainable Socio-economic Development

SEPTEMBER 2019

Energy, Infrastructure, ICT, Lands & Physical Planning 2018 – 2028 Sectoral Plan

Table of Contents

Preface .......................................................................................................................................................... 5

Acknowledgement ......................................................................................................................................... 6

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 7

1.1 Overview of the County ............................................................................................................... 7

1.1.1. Geographical Location and Size. ............................................................................................. 7

1.1.2. Physiographic and Natural Conditions ................................................................................... 8

1.1.3. Administrative Units ................................................................................................................. 9

Figure 2: County Administrative Units ................................................................................................. 10

Source: Tana River County Development Planning Office, 2018 ........................................................ 10

1.1.4. Main economic activities ............................................................................................................. 10

1.2. Background of the Sector ........................................................................................................... 10

1.3. Rationale for the Sectoral Plan .................................................................................................. 11

1.4. Approach/methodology in the preparation of the sector plan ............................................... 11

CHAPTER TWO: SITUATION ANALYSIS ........................................................................................... 12

2.1. Sector Context Analysis ................................................................................................................. 12

2.1.1. Socio-economic environment ...................................................................................................... 12

2.1.2. Sector policy and legal framework ............................................................................................. 13

Environmental Management and Coordination Act ...................................................................... 14

2.2. Sector Financing ............................................................................................................................. 16

2.3. Sector Performance Trends and Achievements ........................................................................... 17

2.4. Sectoral Development Issues .......................................................................................................... 18

2.5. Crosscutting Issues ......................................................................................................................... 20

2.6. Emerging Issues .............................................................................................................................. 21

2.7. Stakeholder analysis ....................................................................................................................... 22

CHAPTER THREE: SECTOR DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES AND PROGRAMMES .................. 24

3.1. Sector Vision, Mission and Goal ................................................................................................... 24

3.1.1. Sector Vision ................................................................................................................................ 24

3.1.2. Sector Mission .............................................................................................................................. 24

3.1.3. Sector Goals .................................................................................................................................. 24

3.2. Sector Development Objectives and Strategies ............................................................................ 24

3.3. Sector Programmes ........................................................................................................................ 27

3.4. Sector Flagship Projects ................................................................................................................. 30

3.5. Cross-Sectoral Linkages................................................................................................................. 32

CHAPTER FOUR: IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISMS ................................................................... 33


4.1. Institutional and Coordination Framework ................................................................................. 33

4.1.1. Institutional Arrangement .......................................................................................................... 33

4.1.2. Coordination Framework ........................................................................................................... 34

4.2. Financing Mechanism .................................................................................................................... 35

4.3. Capacity Development ................................................................................................................... 35

4.4. Risk Management ........................................................................................................................... 35

CHAPTER FIVE: MONITORING, EVALUATION, REPORTING AND LEARNING ....................... 36

5.1 Purpose of M&E .............................................................................................................................. 36

5.2 Performance indicators and how they will be used in tracking and reporting of

progress/achievement. ........................................................................................................................... 37

5.3 M&E Reporting structures ............................................................................................................. 39

5.4 Data sources and Collection method .............................................................................................. 40

5.5 Types of Reports to be produced and their frequency, and consumers ..................................... 40

5.6 The use of M&E findings especially in planning, budgeting, decision making and policy

formulation/review ................................................................................................................................ 40

5.7 Dissemination and Feedback mechanisms and citizens engagement ..................................... 40


Foreword

The Constitution of Kenya 2010, the Kenya Vision 2030 and its Medium Term Plans, provide the

foundation for the preparation of the First Sectoral Plans for Tana River County. This Sectoral Plan, will

be used to inform resource distribution and as a tool or resource mobilization in the face of limited and

competing priorities for the betterment of the lives of the people of Tana River County

The Kenya Vision 2030 is the country’s development blueprint covering the period 2008 to 2030. It aims

to transform Kenya into a newly industrializing, middle-income country providing a high quality of life to

all its citizens by the year 2030. The County’s vision of embracing urbanization for accelerated socio-

economic growth is in tandem with this overall national vision. The Sectoral Plans identify a number of

flagship projects to be implemented across the country for all sectors. The County Government has

identified county-specific flagship projects and programmes that will be implemented at county level and

work with the national government and key stakeholders to ensure these projects are implemented in a

responsible, transparent and cost-effective manner.

The preparation of this first Sectoral Plan is based on the County Governments Act, 2012 section 109

which mandates every county to prepare Sectoral Plans. The Sectoral Plan is a ten-year blue print that

highlights the socio-economic challenges faced by the County, strategies for resources mobilization and

programme interventions aimed at realizing our socioeconomic goals and desired impact.

The preparation of the Sectoral plan was done through a participatory process that involved various

stakeholders. The sectoral plans will provide a structured roadmap for planning, budgeting,

implementation, monitoring, evaluation and reporting for programmes and projects within the sector over

the ten-year planning period.

H.E. RTD. MAJOR DHADHO GADAE GODHANA,

Governor, Tana River County.


Preface

The County Government Act, 2012 requires that counties prepare 10-year County Sectoral plans as

component parts of the County Integrated Development Plan, that shall be programme based and form the

basis for budgeting and performance management. These Sectoral Plans will be aligned with other county

and national long-term plans and will be implemented through 5-yearCounty Integrated Development

Plans (CIDP). Effective Sectoral planning will contribute significantly towards realization of the

objectives of the devolution as envisaged in the Constitution, Vision 2030, as well as the various enabling

legislations and policies on devolution.

The Sector plan should contain detailed analysis of the sector covering: the various challenges

experienced; the emerging issues affecting the performance of the sector; the environment through which

the plans will be implemented; and key developmental issues within the county with the relevant

interventions that inform the formulation of the programmes. The plan should mainstream various cross

cutting issues and clearly outline the implementation framework as well as the monitoring, evaluation and

reporting mechanism.

It is envisaged that the effective use of these guidelines will go a long way towards realization of the

aspirations the Kenya Vision 2030 and county transformative agenda. This will, in turn, contribute to

balanced growth and development throughout the country.

ENG. STEPHEN WACHIRA

CECM:Roads, Transport, Public Works, Housing and Urban Development.


Acknowledgement

The 2018-2028 edition of the Energy, Infrastructure, ICT Lands and Physical Planning Sectoral Plan was

prepared in accordance with section 109 of the County Government Act, 2012 and is the First version

since the inception of the County Government of Tana River.

I would like to acknowledge the departments in the Sector for their various contribution without which

this document would not be a success. All the county departments in the Sector were invited to contribute

in the preparation of the Sectoral plan. This information was analyzed by the team lead by the CECMs in

charge of the departments that form the sub sectors in the sector; Eng. Stephen Wachira and Javan

Bonaya. Acknowledgement is made to the Sector Working Group members who spent significant time

and effort putting together the document; CCO Public Works, Housing and Urbanization Angelina

Wama, CCO Lands and Physical Planning Francis Malibe, Ag. Director Roads and Public Works Eng.

Eric Onjole, Director Physical Planning MwendaRiungu, Director Urban Development Mohamed

Mwatunza, Structural Engineer Omar Buya Said, ICT Officer John Githinji.

Special Acknowledgement is made to the Economic Planning Officer and Secretary of the Sector

Working Group Arnold Odipo for coordinating the process of preparing this Sectoral Plan, as well as

Monitoring and Evaluation Officer Amanda Korasu and the team from the National Treasury; Joseph

Malonza, John Mbuthi and Anne Muriithi for provision of technical backstopping in the preparation of

this document.

Finally, I am indebted to express my sincere gratitude to the entire staff of the Sub sectors for their

dedication and commitment during the entire exercise.

ENG. JEEMIAH HIRIBAE GIJO

CCO ROADS AND TRANSPORT,

CHAIRPERSON: ENERGY, INFRASTRUCTURE, ICT, LANDS AND PHYSICAL PLANNING

SECTOR.


CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Overview of the County

This chapter gives the background information on the socio-economic and infrastructural information of

the county. It provides description of county overview, position and size, physiographic and natural

conditions, administrative and political units, political units (constituencies and wards), demographic

features, human development approach, infrastructure development, land and land use, employment,

irrigation infrastructure and schemes, crop, livestock, fish production and value addition, tourism and

wildlife, industry and trade, the blue economy (including fisheries), forestry, agro forestry and value

addition, financial services, environment and climate change, water and sanitation, health access and

nutrition, education, skills, literacy and infrastructure, sports, culture and creative arts, community

organizations/non-state actors, security, law and order, and social protection

1.1.1. Geographical Location and Size.

Tana River County is located in the coastal region of Kenya. The county borders Kitui County to the

West, Garissa County to the North East, Isiolo County to the North, Lamu County to the South East and

Kilifi County and Indian Ocean to the South. The county straddles between latitudes 000’53” and 200’41’’

South and longitudes 380 30’ and 40015’ East and has a total area of 38,862.20 Km2. The county has a

coastal strip of 76 Km.


Figure 1: Map of Kenya showing the location of the County (Marked in red)

Source: Tana River County Development Planning Office, 2012

1.1.2. Physiographic and Natural Conditions

The major physical features in Tana River County is an undulating plain that is interrupted in a few places

by low hills at Bilibil (around Madogo) and Minijilawhich are also the highest points in the county. The

land in Tana River generally slopes south east wards with an altitude that ranges between 0m and 200m

above sea level.


The most striking topographical feature is the river Tana that traverses the county from the Aberdares in

the North to the Indian Ocean in the South covering a stretch of approximately 500km. Besides the river

Tana, there are several seasonal rivers in the county popularly known as lagas, which flow in a west-east

direction from Kitui and Makueni Counties draining into river Tana and eventually into the Indian Ocean.

The river beds support livestock as well as wildlife during the dry season since they have high ability to

retain water. River beds are most appropriate sites for shallow wells, sub-surface dams as well as earth

pans.

1.1.3. Administrative Units

The county is divided into three (3) administrative units namely; Bura, Galole and Tana Delta, 15 wards;

54 locations; and one hundred nine (109) sub-Locations. Table 1-1 shows the area of the county by

administrative units.

Table 1: shows the area of the county by administrative units.

Constituency Area(km2) No. of wards No. of Locations No. of Sub-Locations

Bura 13,191.5 5 16 25

Galole 9,657.3 4 21 45

Tana Delta 16,013.4 6 17 41

Total 38,862.2 15 54 109


Table 1 shows that Tana Delta is the largest with 16,013.4 Km2 followed by Bura and Galole with

13,191.5Km2 and 9,657.3Km2 respectively. Figure 2 below is a map showing the

administrative/political boundaries of Tana River County.


Figure 2: County Administrative Units


1.1.4. Main economic activities

The county is categorized as an arid area due to its poor precipitation and divided into three livelihood

zones namely, Marginal Mixed Farming, Pastoral and Mixed Farming. The Marginal Mixed Farming and

Mixed Farming livelihood zones are ideal for farming while the Pastoral livelihood zone has great

potential for livestock rearing.

The main economic activities therefore are farming and pastoralism, however, fishing is done at small

scale along river Tana and the coastal shows in Kipini.

1.2. Background of the Sector

The constitution 2010, established a devolved system of Government with a National Government headed

by the president and 47 county Governments under Governors, with Tana River being county no. 004 of

047. Counties have specific constitutional Mandates under schedule 4 of the constitution. To facilitate

performance of these mandates, the Constitution provides for the establishment of a maximum of 10

ministries to perform the 14 devolved functions guided by the Classification of Government Functions

(COFOG). The Energy, Infrastructure, ICT, Lands and Physical Planning Sector is composed of the

following sub sectors:


a) Roads and Transport

b) Public Works, Housing and Urban Development

c) Energy and ICT

d) Lands and Physical Planning

1.3. Rationale for the Sectoral Plan

Section 109 of the County Government Act mandates the County to develop ten-year county sectoral

plans. The County Sectoral plan is a detailed document describing the route that the sector will take to

achieve the goals and objectives of the sub sectors and their contribution to the sector’s overall mission of

provide efficient, affordable and reliable infrastructure for sustainable economic growth and development

through modernization, rehabilitation and effective management of all infrastructure facilities in the

County; adoption of clean and renewable energy sources and strategies; and streamlining the management

of all County ICT functions.

1.4. Approach/methodology in the preparation of the sector plan

This plan has been prepared through a participatory and consultative process; involving technical

analyses, stakeholder engagement with development partners, civil society organizations and the citizenry

of the county, as well as discussions at the County Executive Committee and County Assembly Levels.

The data provided within the Plan has been derived from various county departments and national

government agencies including the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) for general information

on population, poverty indices demographic dividends and other relevant information and statistics

required for planning. Departmental reports from County Departments and Agencies generated

periodically over reviewed periods including the County Budget Review Outlook Paper, Budget

Implementation Reports and Annual Progress Reports also provide sources of reliable data in the

formulation of this Sectoral Plan.


CHAPTER TWO: SITUATION ANALYSIS

This chapter highlights the current situation of the sector. It outlines the key achievements, challenges and

proposed strategic actions to address the situation. It also provides an analysis of strengths, weaknesses,

opportunities and threats facing the department, and the baseline situation from which the County

currently operates and under which the formulation of this plan is anchored.

2.1. Sector Context Analysis

2.1.1. Socio-economic environment

Road, Rail Network and Airstrips

The total road network in the county is 3,377km with about 55 per cent in motorable condition. The total

road network is composed of 1,108km (class A – E) of classified roads and 2,269km (class U) of

unclassified roads. Out of this only 449km is bitumen surfaced. The major roads in the county include the

Madogo – Hola – Malindi road which is dilapidated and impassable at various points during rains. The

Kenya National Highways Authority (KeNHA) has however put in place plans to upgrade the 330km

stretch to bitumen standard, and the project is in the design phase and construction is set to begin as soon

as funds are available. The county has a 76Km sea front with Kipini operating as a fish landing site which

can be potential sea port for fishing vessels. The LAPSSET project will potentially open up the county

with road and rail network.

Posts and Telecommunications: Post Offices, Mobile Telephony & Landline.

The county is served by three mobile phone service providers that cover 55 per cent of the county. These

services are however concentrated along the Garissa- Malindi road. There are three post offices in the

whole county located at Bura, Hola and Garsen. The landline is in deplorable state and does not function

in most areas. There are five courier service providers in the county. Internet connectivity is still low with

most people using modems from mobile phone service providers. Investments in DSTV, Zuku and other

free to air satellite television has nevertheless made access to local and international broadcasts possible

in the county. The Kenya Broadcasting Corporation (KBC) Radio is the only media house which has a

signal in the county.

Energy Access (Electricity Coverage)

Majority of the population (87.5%) use wood fuel for cooking and 78.2 per cent use kerosene for

lighting. Only 0.9 per cent of the households are connected with electricity. There is a lot of potential for

the exploitation of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind, and expansion of electricity

transmission in the county through the main grid.


Housing

Tana River County has 547 pool institutional/government houses that accommodate civil servants. The

houses are however, inadequate and not properly maintained. This is due to insufficient funds, lack of

cheap and durable raw materials, among others.

Addressing the housing issue in the county will require the operationalization of the National Housing

Policy in the county, identification and disseminating of low cost building materials and appropriate

building technology, and creation of enabling environment to encourage investors to venture into housing

sub-sector.

Majority of the people (41.1 per cent) of Tana River live in mud/wood walled houses, with about 29.5

per cent living in grass straw houses. Twenty-six per cent of the roofing materials used are corrugated

iron sheets and 13.9 per cent makuti.

Lands

The land in the county is largely non-arable covering 29,798.7 km2. The rest is either under forest 3,457

km2, arable land covering 2,547 km2,and 3,059.5 km2 under national reserves.

2.1.2. Sector policy and legal framework

The policy and legal framework that guides the operations and development modus operandi for the

sector includes the following:

County Government Act, 2012

The County Government Act, 2012 Section 107 specifies the types and purposes of county plans. These

plans include County Integrated Development Plans (CIDP), County Sectoral Plans, County Spatial

Plans, and Cities and Urban Area Plans. The plans are meant to guide, harmonize and facilitate

development, and form a basis for all budgeting and spending in a county.

Specifically, Section 109 of the Act states that a County Department shall develop a ten-year county

sectoral plan as component parts of the CIDP. The County sectoral plans shall be programme based, the

basis for budgeting and performance management and shall be reviewed every five years by the county

executive and approved by the county assembly but updated annually.

Public Finance management Act, 2012

The Public Finance Management Act, 2012 Section 125 provides for stages in the county budget process.

The key stages for county governments planning and budgeting process in any financial year consists of,

among others: integrated development planning process which includes both long term and medium term

planning; planning and establishing financial and economic priorities for the county over the medium

term; and making an overall estimation of the county government’s revenues and expenditures.

Section 126 of the Act provides that every county government shall prepare a development plan in

accordance with Article 220 (2) of the Constitution, that includes: strategic priorities for the medium term

that reflect the county government’s priorities and plans; a description of how the county government is

responding to changes in the financial and economic environment; and programmes to be delivered with

details for each programme of the strategic priorities to which the programme will contribute, the


services or goods to be provided; measurable indicators of performance where feasible, and the budget

allocated to the programme.

Urban Areas and Cities Act, 2011

Section 36 (2) states that an integrated urban or city development plan shall bind, guide and inform all

planning development and decisions and ensure comprehensive inclusion of all functions. In addition,

section 37 (1) of Urban and Cities Act, 2011 states that a city or urban area integrated development plan

shall be aligned to the development plans and strategies of the county governments. This guiding legal

framework will inform the operations and planning for Hola Municipality which is domiciled in the

Department of Urban Development.

Environmental Management and Coordination Act

The overall objective is to provide a framework for integrating environmental considerations into the

country’s overall economic and social development. The consultant is drawn to provisions of Sec 38 of

the Act which calls for identification and appraisal of trends in the development of urban and rural

settlements, their impacts on the environment, and strategies for the amelioration of their negative

impacts; proposal of guidelines for the integration of standards of environmental protection into

development planning and management and identification and recommendation of policy approaches for

preventing, controlling or mitigating specific as well as general adverse impacts on the environment.

Physical Planning Act, 2012

Defines the different types of spatial plans that may be prepared on different spatial scales.

Lands Act, 2012

This Act provides for consideration of conservation, environmental or heritage issues relevant to

development, and the management and use of public land for the purposes which it has been reserved. It

also provides regulations for the regularization of land tenure and land ownership.

The National Environmental Policy

The National Environmental Policy articulates Government’s commitment in Environmental protection

and sustainable use of natural resources. The consultant is obligated by this policy which include:-

optimum use of natural land in improving the quality of human environment; sustainable use of natural

resources to meet the need of the present and future generations; integration of environmental

conservation and economic activities into the process of sustainable development; and achievement of

national goals and international obligations by conserving biodiversity, arresting desertification,

mitigating effects of disasters, protecting the ozone layer and maintaining ecological balance on the earth.

Kenya Vision 2030

The Kenya Vision 2030 is the country’s development blueprint that aims at creating “a globally

competitive and prosperous nation with a high quality of life by 2030”. It further aims to transform Kenya

into “a newly industrializing, middle income country providing a high quality of life to all its citizens in a


clean and secure environment”. The Vision is being implemented through successive five years Medium

Term Plans at the national level and the CIDPs at the county level.

Other acts relevant to the Sector are the Kenya Roads Act (2007), Architects and Quantity Surveyors Act

(2012), and the Roads Maintenance Act


2.2. Sector Financing

Since the inception of devolution, the sector has received significant resource allocation owing

to the baseline situation in 2013. The county was highly underdeveloped in terms of road

network, transport and general infrastructure. Percentage of land with title deeds was as low as

4% and there was no spatial plan in place. Further, the County was not connected to the national

electricity grid and had no renewable energy strategy in effect or development. With a view to

spur development and accessibility in the county, the County has over time dedicated resources

to the Energy, Infrastructure ICT and Lands sector as shown in the table below.

FY VOTE DEPT REC DEV TOTAL

13/14

3171 RTPWHU

-

707,500,000

707,500,000

3166

LANDS &

PHYSICAL

PLANNING

-

10,134,216

10,134,216

ICT & ENERGY

1,389,024

4,500,000

5,889,024

14/15

3171 RTPWHU

665,773,000

665,773,000

3166

LANDS &

PHYSICAL

PLANNING

6,226,261

28,244,660

34,470,921

ICT & ENERGY

-

83,380,150

83,380,150

15/16

3171 RTPWHU

36,716,099

690,307,590

727,023,689

3166

LANDS &

PHYSICAL

PLANNING

6,662,099

30,212,786

36,874,885

ICT & ENERGY

-

16/17

3171 RTPWHU

48,992,733

452,189,933

501,182,666

3166

LANDS &

PHYSICAL

PLANNING

22,012,159

34,433,213

56,445,372

ICT & ENERGY

1,000,000

43,800,000

44,800,000

17/18

3171 RTPWHU

118,833,181

823,916,534

942,749,715

3166

LANDS &

PHYSICAL

PLANNING

35,808,039

17,548,000

53,356,039

ICT & ENERGY

78,000,000

-

78,000,000


18/19

3171 RTPWHU

113,547,700

969,719,925

1,083,267,625

3166

LANDS &

PHYSICAL

PLANNING

18,147,115

80,000,000

98,147,115

ICT & ENERGY

5,608,922

-

5,608,922

19/20

3171 RTPWHU

166,430,216

1,015,937,191

1,182,367,407

3166

LANDS &

PHYSICAL

PLANNING

76,837,116

112,000,000

188,837,116

ICT & ENERGY

11,892,576

-

11,892,576

TOTAL

748,103,240

5,769,597,198

6,517,700,438

2.3. Sector Performance Trends and Achievements

This section provides an analysis of the sector performance trends in the sub sectors.

Achievements in the sub sectors are highlighted below:

i) Roads and Transport: the sub sector has managed to highly improve the

motorableroad network from 1,083 km to about 1560 km. The road network in and

around Hola town has been upgraded to bitumen standard totaling 25km. The sub

sector intends to lobby for increased investment and resource allocation to further

increase accessibility and reduce the adverse effects of extreme weather conditions

experienced in the area such as floods originating from upstream during the heavy

annual rains.

ii) Public Works, Housing and Urbanization: The Public Works sector has overseen

the construction and rehabilitation of all county infrastructure, providing technical

support for other departments in the construction of residential and non-residential

buildings in schools (ECDE and VTCs), Health Centers (Level 4 hospitals and

dispensaries), Staff housing, and institutional buildings including the lands registry,

county headquarters and governor’s official residence. The sub sector will continue to

invest in capacity building of its human resource to enable prudent management of

infrastructural development across the county and committing resources to the

construction of the County Headquarters along with other flagship projects that will

uplift the developmental standard of the county.

iii) Energy and Information Communication Technology (ICT): The department,

through the Department of Public Works has made strides in installation of solar

powered street lighting in urban centers including Madogo, Bangale, Bura, Hola

,GambaIdsowe and Garsen. This is in line with the strategy of streamlining the

development agenda with the green energy considerations in the Sustainable

Development Goals. The ICT department has also managed to increase connectivity

at the County headquarters along with satellite department connectivity at the County


Roads and Public Works Offices, Water Offices and the Lands Registry. The sub

sector has suffered from reallocation of resources in supplementary budgets over the

years due to competing priorities in the administration. However, with support and

increased funding the sector can go a long way in helping the county achieve the

goals spelt out in the SDGs and ICT related regulations such as e-sourcing in

procurement and general IFMIS modules to improve on adherence to the PFMA

2012.

iv) Lands and Physical Planning: the sub sector has made strides in the development of

the County Spatial Plan, Town Planning and formation of clusters to spur

development and resettlement in line with the overall theme of the 2018 and 2019

CFSP of Embracing Urbanization for Accelerated socio-economic development.

2.4. Sectoral Development Issues

This section presents development issues and their causes. It further highlights available

opportunities and the possible challenges that hinder achievement of the development objective

in relation to each development issue. The table below illustrates the development issues in the

sector.

Table 1: Sectoral Development issues, causes, opportunities and challenges

SUB-

SECTOR

DEVELOPMENT

ISSUES

CAUSES OPPORTUNITIES CHALLENGES

Roads and

Transport

Loss of lives and

property from road

related accidents

Poor state of

main and

access roads

in the county

Presence of (Kenya

Rural Roads

Authority (KeRRA)

and the Hola

Municipality

Extreme weather

conditions.

Specifically filling of

lagas, seasonal rivers

and flash floods that

render roads

impassable.

Many sections of

road that require

rehabilitation are

under the jurisdiction

of the Kenya

National Highways

Authority (KeNHA)

Public

Works,

Insecurity in

growing towns and Lack of well-

lit streets in

Availability of

national grid (Hydro

Vandalism of street

light poles and solar


Housing and

Urbanization

urban centers

leading to

businesses staying

open for fewer

hours.

the town

centers

–Electricity)

Availability of

sufficient sunshine

for solar power

panels

Damage of poles by

careless drivers

Unplanned urban

centres

Town

management

committees

not

established

Budgetary

constraints

Rural to

urban

migration

Availability of

legislation and

policies on

development control

Employment of

professionals in

lands department

Inclusive and

accountable

governance on land

issues through local

urban fora

Negative Political

influence on land

matters

Encroachment on

land

Lack of enforcement

on developments in

urban centres

Public

Works,

Housing and

Urbanization

Disaster risk

unpreparedness Poor

response to

fire fighting

Buildings

constructed

without

approved

plans

Adequate water

from the river

Availability of

firefighting

machines

Establishment of

Municipal board for

Hola

Inadequate trained

staff on firefighting

Inadequate

firefighting machine

Lack of Town

management

committees for

Urban centres

Inadequate staff

housing Increase in

facility

construction

without

consideration

of

construction

of staff

Adequate land for

building houses

High cost of

construction due to

scarcity of some

fundamental

construction

materials


premises

Lands and

Physical

Planning

Informal

settlements

Lack of

proper

planning in

urban centres

Rural –

Urban

Migration

Availability of

physical planning

unit.

Budgetary

constraints.

Inadequate economic

resources in the rural

areas/villages.

Energy and

ICT

Low uptake of

household

electrical

connectivity (less

than 20%)

Capital

intensive

nature of

setting up a

solar power

plant

Availability of

national grid (Hydro

–Electricity)

Availability of

sufficient sunshine

for solar power

Sparse population

density in most areas

of the county.

2.5. Crosscutting Issues

1. Environment - Environmental issues have in the past not been fully incorporated in the

design and implementation of roads, public works, housing, urbanization and land use.

The potential negative impacts of this sector shall be minimized through incorporation of

environmental mitigation measures in the design and implementation of all works

projects in accordance with environmental legislation and as prescribed by National

Environmental Management Authority (NEMA)

2. HIV/AIDS - The HIV/AIDS endemic has been declared a national disaster by the

government. Therefore, the sector will mainstream the fight against HIV/AIDS and its

counter measures shall be included in all roads works and land use contracts and

programmes. In addition, the government’s HIV/AIDS policies relating to prevention and

treatment shall be pro-actively applied to all employees within this sector.

3. Gender - In the past, few women have taken the opportunity to seek a professional or

managerial career in the roads and public works sector. Both genders have an equal right

to fully participate in this sector. Therefore, the Sector shall mainstream gender issues


throughout the roads public works, housing, urbanization and land use sector to ensure

and actively promote equal opportunities to achieve gender parity.

4. Special Interest Groups - The design standard for road infrastructure do not currently

adequately address the needs of special interest groups including vulnerable groups such

as physically challenged. The Sector will update the road design standards to incorporate

the needs of special interest groups to ensure that implementation when rehabilitating,

upgrading or developing infrastructure caters for special interest groups

5. Governance, Ethics, Transparency and Accountability – The infrastructure and land

use sector has in the past been perceived by the public as inefficient, opaque and allowing

for the participation of poor quality contactors. Various agencies responsible for funding

or executing the infrastructure works have not been able to complete technical and

financial audits within the specified time. The sector will therefore, promote and uphold

ethics, transparency, fiduciary duty, social responsibility, accountability and overall good

governance in the provision of infrastructure and will rigorously implement a policy of

zero tolerance to corruption. The sector shall endeavor to improve their efficiency and

effectiveness and shall account in accordance with internationally accepted accounting

rules.

2.6. Emerging Issues

Land Cover- There is consistent loss of vegetation to other competing uses such as real estate

development, agriculture, infrastructure development, industrial and commercial

developments and energy requirements.

Rangelands degradation. That is; the reduction of size of land holdings, fragmentation due to

conversion into other land uses, soil erosion and climate change leading to reduction I

pastures and water supply

Climate change has triggered erratic weather patterns across the country. The unpredictable

weather patterns have led to floods, droughts, famine and low water levels.

Unsustainable natural resources exploitation.

Environmental degradation

Provision of infrastructure and services in Human Settlements. Where most urban areas are

not provided with infrastructure such as safe water, sanitation, drainage, solid waste disposal

services and transportation infrastructure.

Rapid change in technology.


2.7. Stakeholder analysis

The County Government Act, 2012 and the Intergovernmental Relations Act, 2012 provide for

County governments to foster relationships and partnerships with both state and non-state actors

in the conduct of their mandates to county citizens. The sector will engage key stakeholders in

execution of the sectoral plan. Such stakeholders are included in the table below:

Stakeholder Function

Food Agricultural Organization Information, Knowledge

management and coordination of land

system

National Lands Commission Manage public land on behalf of

National and County Governments

Conduct research related to land and

use of natural resources

Monitor and have oversight

responsibilities over land use

planning

Local Urban Forum Facilitate the formation of

municipalities and urban

development

TANACOF (Tana River Citizen

Oversight Forum)

Involvement of citizens in the

formation of municipality

World Bank Financial and technical support in the

development of Hola Municipality

through Kenya Urban Support

Programme

KeRRA (Kenya Rural Roads Authority) Development, maintenance and

management of rural roads

KURA (Kenya Urban Roads Authority) Development, maintenance and

management and rehabilitation of

roads within Urban centers

Ministry of Transport Infrastructure

Housing and Urbanization

Housing Policy management,

Management of buildings and

construction standards and codes,

Urban planning and development


JumuiayaKauntizaPwani (JKP) Partnerships and linkage

Resource Mapping and Resource

Mobilization

County Citizens and Special interest

Groups

Public Participation and Inclusive

Decision Making

Nominated and Elected Leaders Oversight and representation of

citizens at the County Assembly level


CHAPTER THREE: SECTOR DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES AND PROGRAMMES

3.1. Sector Vision, Mission and Goal

3.1.1. Sector Vision

Provide of cost effective, sustainable and climate proof road network, physical infrastructure

facilities and planned development in the County.

3.1.2. Sector Mission

To pursue safe, cost effective, and climate proof infrastructure based on prudent spatial and

physical planning for sustainable socio-economic growth.

3.1.3. Sector Goals

1. Enhance motorable road network to 2000km by 2028

2. Provide climate proof infrastructure to reduce loss of life and property during extreme

weather conditions

3. Reduce loss of life and property caused by fire

4. Ensure strict adherence to design and building in construction guidelines for safer

infrastructural growth

5. Streamline ICT uptake in operations and records maintenance across government

6. Provide spatial framework for county settlement and development

3.2. Sector Development Objectives and Strategies

Table 1: Sector Developmental issues, Objectives and strategies

Sub-Sector Developmental Issue Developmental Objectives Strategies

Roads and

Transport

Road Safety Reduced no. of road accidents

Construction of

bridges in areas

where Flooding

occurs during

long rains

Road accessibility Improve roads that are

inaccessible due to bad

conditions

Grading,

Murruming and

Tarmacking of

roads across the


county

Intra County Access

Increased market accessibility

for agricultural products from

Tana River

Continued

upgrading of

road network to

motorable

standards

Intra – County

Accessibility

Establish the County

administrative headquarters as a

connecting transport hub to

other areas in the region

Interlinking the

County

Administrative

Hq to satellite

towns within

Tana River

County

Inter-County

Accessibility

Establish the County

administrative headquarters as a

connecting transport hub to

other areas in the region

Upgrade and

modernize the

existing Hola air

strip to

accommodate

light aircraft

Public works,

housing and

urbanization

Affordable housing

Construction of affordable

houses using alternative

methods of construction in order

to reduce the cost

Construction of

affordable

houses within the

3 sub-counties

Inadequate transport and

specialized transport

machinery

Establishment of fully equipped

Fire Stations in all urban centers

in the County

Increase no. of vehicles and

motorcycles available for

supervision and other functions

Development of a

comprehensive transport policy

Recruitment and

training of fire

fighting crews

Purchase of

specialized

vehicles

including water

boozers,

excavators,

exhausters, and

boats for

emergency

response.


with clear guidelines and

strategies of improving service

delivery through transportation

equipment and capacity building

of operators

Purchase of

vehicles and

motorcycles

within

departments on

need basis

Public

Works,

Housing and

Urbanization

Inadequate Staff Housing Increase the number of staff

houses available to personnel

across government, especially

health workers.

Establish

housing units in

areas where

county govt

institutions are

domiciled (Ngao

Hospital, Garsen,

Bura, Madogo,

Waldena and

Hola)

Energy and

ICT

Lack of adequate

connectivity across

County Departments and

Agencies

Improve county ICT services Purchase of

hardware and

software

infrastructure

Establishment of

ICT resource

centres Establish

ICT office

Networking of

offices Establish

county data

knowledge

centre (GIS unit)

ICT maintenance

Inadequate policies &

branding initiatives

Develop ICT strategies and

branding initiatives

Develop ICT &

Media policies

Establish county

branding

initiative

Low uptake of

ICT

Establish

computer labs

within

schools/colleges


Capacity build

county staff on

ICT

Lands and

Physical

Planning

Lack of Security of tenure

Increase percentage of land

ownership with title deeds from

current 4% to 50%

Operationalize

land registry and

full adoption of

land policy

framework at

county level

Lack of spatial

framework for informed

and sustainable

development

Establish spatial plan for the

entire County

Engage experts

to conduct

spatial planning

for Tana River

County

3.3. Sector Programmes

The sector will seek to implement programmess and projects that are focused on attainment of

the urbanization agenda. It will provide tabulated details of planned interventions for the

challenges highlighted in 3.2 in terms of programmes and projects in conformity to the Public

Investment Management (PIM) guidelines.

Programme Objectives Strategies/A

ctions

Implementing

Agency(s)

Time

Frame

Funding

Total Budget

(Ksh)

Source(s)

Road Safety Increase the

length of

motorable

roads in the

county to

2000km

Roads

construction

aligned with

the County

Spatial Plan

progressivel

y done.

Department

of RTPWHU

From

2018 -

2028

6.11B CGTR

Road

Construction

and

Maintenance

Construction

of foot and

vehicular

bridges

Constructio

n of foot

and

vehicular

bridges

Department

of RTPWHU

From

2018 -

2028

1B CGTR


Office

Construction

Improve

working

conditions

for county

employees

Complete

county HQ

construction

, sub county

office

construction

and ward

office

construction

Department

of RTPWHU

2018 -

2025

1.08B CGTR

National

Treasury

Staff Housing Provide

decent, safe,

and

affordable

living

quarters for

county

employees

Complete

county

housing

units and

construct

new ones in

and around

County

institutions

on need

basis

Department

of RTPWHU

2018 -

2025

500m CGTR

County Spatial

Plan

Provide a

framework

for

sustainable

and

structured

development

informed by

proper town,

urban and

spatial

planning

Engage

consultants

to conduct

spatial

planning by

end of FY

2020/21

Department

of Lands and

Physical

Planning

2018 -

2021

200m CGTR

Enhancement

of ICT uptake

Increase

Computer

literacy

amongst the

learning

population

in the

county

Equipping

schools that

have usable

space with

ICT

equipment

Building

Department

of ICT

2021 -

2026

126.7m CGTR


and

equipping

in schools

without

infrastructur

e

Data Centre

Establishment

Increase

access to

information

to the

population

of Tana

River

Increase

access to

information

in

collaboratio

n with the

departments

of civic

education

and budget

& economic

planning

Department

of ICT

Budget and

Economic

Planning

Public

Service

Administratio

n and Citizen

Participation

2020 -

2025

90m CGTR

KNBS

Developme

nt Partners

Renewable

Energy

Increase

electricity

coverage in

the county

and surplus

production

sell-on

Increased

access to

clean and

renewable

energy with

reduction of

emmissions

(quote

relevant

SDG)

Department

of ICT &

Energy

Public

Works,

Housing and

Urban

Development

2020 -

2028

1B CGTR

Developme

nt partners


3.4. Sector Flagship Projects

Table 2: Sectoral flagship projects

Project Name:County Headquarters Location: Tana River Sub County

Objective: Centralize County offices and Premises to provide conducive working environment

for employees

Outcome: Improved service delivery

Description of key activities:Design, Advertisement, Evaluation, Award, Construction,

Commissioning and hand over

Performance Indicators: Phase by phase County HQ construction done to completion

Timeframe: May 2019 – April 2023

Estimated Cost (Ksh):865m Source(s) of funds:TRCG (30%) National

Government (70%)

Implementing agency(s):Department of Public Works, Housing & Urbanization

Project Name:Tana River Solar Power Farm Location: Tana River Sub County

Objective: Increase electricity coverage in the county and surplus production sell-on

Outcome:Increased access to clean and renewable energy with reduction of emissions

Description of key activities: Design, Advertisement, Evaluation, Award, Construction,


Performance Indicators:Electricity production from solar power farm (MW)

Timeframe: May 2020 – April 2029

Estimated Cost (Ksh):1B Source(s) of funds: TRCG (40%) National

Government (60%)

Implementing agency(s): Department of Public Works, Housing & Urbanization

Project Name: County Spatial Plan Location: Entire County

Objective: Provision of Spatial framework for the County

Outcome: Controlled Development and Sustainable land utilization

Description of key activities: Advertising, Award, Land mapping & survey, spatial planning

Key Outputs: County Spatial plan

Performance Indicators: County Spatial Plan for TRC in place

Timeframe: July 2019 – Jan 2021

Estimated Cost (Ksh): 192 Million Source(s) of funds: TRCG

Implementing agency(s): Department of Lands and Physical Planning, Consultant

Project Name: Upgrading of Machakos-

Mutomo-Waldena-Wayu-Hola Highway to

Bitumen standards

Location: Machakos-Mutumo-Wayu-Hola

Objective: Improved road accessibility


Outcome: Roads accessibility improved



Key Outputs: Roads constructed

Performance Indicators: Tamarcked Road in place

Timeframe: July 2019 – June 2020

Estimated Cost (Ksh): 29,932,500,000 Source(s) of funds: TRCG

Implementing agency(s): Department of Roads, Public works, Housing & Urbanization

Project Name: Daba Airstrip Location: Daba

Objective: Improve mobility and access

Outcome: Air travel accessibility improved



Key Outputs: Airstrip constructed

Performance Indicators: Airstrip in place


Estimated Cost (Ksh): 450,000,000 Source(s) of funds: TRCG


Project Name: Hola Town Bridge Location: Hola


Outcome: Improved mobility and access



Key Outputs: Bridge constructed

Performance Indicators: Bridge in place


Estimated Cost (Ksh): 800,000,000 Source(s) of funds: TRCG


Project Name: Upgrading to gravel Tsala-

Waldena-Bangale road to gravel standards

Location: Tsala-Waldena-Bangale






Key Outputs: Road constructed

Performance Indicators: Road in place




Project Name: Tsala Gate-Assa-Daba-Tulla-

Kora game reserve- to Isiolo Airstip

Location: Tsala gate-Assa-Daba-Tulla-Kora-

Isiolo





Key Outputs: Road constructed

Performance Indicators: Road in place




3.5. Cross-Sectoral Linkages

Table 3: Cross-sectoral linkages

Programme /

sub

Programme

Sector Cross-sector impact Measures to harness

or mitigate the

impact Synergies Adverse Impact

Supply Chain

Management

Public

Administration

and Inter

governmental

relations

• Automation of

procurement

procedures

• Timely

procurement of

services and

projects

• Non completion

of projects

within the

stipulated

timelines

• Litigations

• Increase in

project costs

• Budget deficits

emanating from

lack of funding

from

conditional

grants

• Adherence to

procurement laws

and policies

• Full

implementation of

IFMIS modules

• Timely requisition

of projects and

services by

departments

• Timely reporting,

Monitoring and

Evaluation


(procurement

procedures

thresholds)

Monitoring,

Evaluation

and Reporting

Public

Administration

and Inter

governmental

relations

• Improved

tracking and

assessment of

project

implementation

• Efficient

utilisation of

resources

• Poor

implementation

of projects

• Inaccurate

status reporting

• Poor quality of

works

• Loss of funds

• Project/program

objective will

not be achieved

• Establish M&E

unit

• Establish project

management

committees for

ownership of

projects

• Acquisition and

installation of

electronic M&E

system

• Capacity building

of technical staff

• Unsustainable

decision making

• Inadequate

resources

Environmental

Impact

Assessment

Environmental

Protection,

Water and

Natural

Resources

• Improved

Environmental

and Social

Safeguards for

mega projects

and flagship

projects

• Non

compliance

with

environmental

regulations

• Establish

environmental

committee

• Ensure EIA is

included as a part

of infrastructural

contracts

CHAPTER FOUR: IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISMS

4.1. Institutional and Coordination Framework

4.1.1. Institutional Arrangement

The sector comprises of four sub sectors whose roles are mentioned below:


Roads and Transport: The sub sector has the mandate of design, construction and maintenance

of County roads. It also coordinates the same functions in partnership with National Government

Agencies such as KeRRA as and when required.

Public Works, Housing and Urban Development: This sub sector is mandated with the

provision of safe, efficient and climate proof infrastructure through construction of new and

continued rehabilitation of existing buildings within the county. The sub sector is also charged

with quality assurance of private buildings within the county and ensuring building and

construction standards are upheld throughout the county.

Energy and ICT: This subsector is charged with the policy formulation and development of

infrastructure for provision of clean, renewable and sustainable energy in the County. The ICT

department has the responsibility of ICT framework formulation, management and maintenance

of all ICT infrastructure in the County.

Lands and Physical Planning:The sub sector seeks to ensure the sustainable management of

land in the County. It aims to facilitate the improvement of livelihood of the citizens through

efficient administration, equitable access and sustainable management of land resource in the

County.

4.1.2. Coordination Framework

CECMs

Sector Working Group


4.2. Financing Mechanism

The total cost of funding this Sectoral Plan is Kshs. 10,117,000,000. The sector finances shall

mainly be from the County Government of Tana River through the sub sectors. Other sources of

funds are Public Private Partnerships, Development Partners and sector based conditional grants

such as the Road Maintenance Levy Fund. The sector working group and respective budget

implementation committees shall lobby for funds to finance its programmes and it shall guide the

budgeting process for the sector.

4.3. Capacity Development

The sector will need to provide skill-based capacity building for its officers over the plan period.

Engineers (Structural Civil, Electrical and Mechanical), Planners, Surveyors, and other

professionals will continue to receive training relevant to their roles to improve on quality

assurance and minimum standards as per the Public Investment Management guidelines. The

Sector will also consider the purchase of heavy machinery to reduce cost of road maintenance

and construction.

4.4. Risk Management

The sector has identified some of the threats that could possibly occur thereby hindering the

implementation of this plan and how best to avert the said risks. These risks could stem from a

wide variety of sources as listed below;

a) Delayed disbursement of exchequer releases

b) Legal liabilities such as disputes of land ownership where programs are to be executed.

c) Natural disasters and extreme weather conditions

Sector Committees

Roads and

Transport Public Works, Housing and

Urban Development

Energy and ICT Lands and Physical

Planning


The above-mentioned risks will be accessed on an annual basis to ascertain the most relevant

mitigation measures to reduce adverse effects that the risks may have on the execution of

programmes and projects in the sector as well as the overall implementation of the Sectoral Plan.

CHAPTER FIVE: MONITORING, EVALUATION, REPORTING AND LEARNING

5.1 Purpose of M&E

The purpose of Monitoring &Evaluation is to establish common structures for tracking the

implementation of programmes and project interventions outlined in the sectoral plan. It provides

a consistent approach to evidence-based monitoring and evaluation to review the progress,

effects and impact of programs as stipulated in the sectoral plan by establishing links between

past, present and future interventions to inform future policy objectives and decisions.


5.2 Performance indicators and how they will be used in tracking and reporting of

progress/achievement.

The matrix below provides a summary of the programmes by sector and verifiable outcome

indicators. It also gives the current situation with mid-term and end-term milestones.

Programme Outcome Indicators Source of

Data

Reporting

Responsibility

Situation

in 2018

Mid-term

Target

(2023)

End-term

Target

(2028)

Road Safety Km of urban center

roads upgraded to

bitumen standards

CIDP

Midterm

review

report

Sectoral

Plan

Quarterly

Review

Report

County

Department of

Roads and

Transport

25 45 80

Km or access road

upgraded to

motorable condition

(gravel

&murraming)

CIDP

Midterm

review

report

Sectoral

Plan

Quarterly

Review

Report

County

Department of

Roads and

Transport

1,560 1,800 2,000

Road

construction

and

maintenance

No. of footbridges

constructed across

the county

CIDP

Midterm

review

report

Sectoral

Plan

Quarterly

Review

Report

County

Department of

Roads and

Transport

0 4 10

No. of vehicular

bridges constructed

CIDP

Midterm

review

County

Department of

Roads and

0 2 5


across the County report

Sectoral

Plan

Quarterly

Review

Report

Transport

Office

Construction

County HQ

completed

CIDP

Midterm

review

report

Sectoral

Plan

Quarterly

Review

Report

County

Department of

Public Works,

Housing and

Urban

Development

0 1 1

Ward Offices

constructed

CIDP

Midterm

review

report

Sectoral

Plan

Quarterly

Review

Report

County

Department of

Public Works,

Housing and

Urban

Development

5 15 15

County Spatial

Plan

County Spatial Plan

in place

CIDP

Midterm

review

report

Sectoral

Plan

Quarterly

Review

Report

County

Department of

lands and

physical

planning

0 1 1

County Land

Administration

% of land with title

deeds

CIDP

Midterm

review

report

Sectoral

County

Department of

lands and

physical

planning

4 20 50


Plan

Quarterly

Review

Report

Enhancement

of ICT uptake

Computer

laboratories available

in at least 1 school in

each ward

CIDP

Midterm

review

report

Sectoral

Plan

Quarterly

Review

Report

County

Department of

ICT

0 8 15

Data Centre

Establishment

Data Center

operational in each

sub county

CIDP

Midterm

review

report

Sectoral

Plan

Quarterly

Review

Report

County

Department of

ICT

0 1 3

Renewable

Energy

Megawatts produced

from solar field

CIDP

Midterm

review

report

Sectoral

Plan

Quarterly

Review

Report

County

Department of

Energy

0 20 35

5.3 M&E Reporting structures

The Sector shall have an M&E Committee that will spearhead M&E activities within the sector.

The Committee will be Chaired by the Sector Working Group Chairperson, nominated by the

Accounting Officers within the sub sectors. Members will be County Directors, National


Government Officers in charge of various departments within the sector as well as non- state

actors.

5.4 Data sources and Collection method

The sector shall rely on relevant data sources depending on the programme indicators.

The sector shall use the following methods of data collection;

a) Budget Implementation Reports (BIR), Annual Financial Reports and County Annual

Progress Reports (CAPR)

b) Field visits

c) Stakeholder meetings

d) Project Management Committee reports

e) Questionnaires

5.5 Types of Reports to be produced and their frequency, and consumers

Each department in the sector shall prepare annual monitoring and evaluation reports and

submitting to the sector monitoring and evaluation committee for onward submission to the

County Monitoring and Evaluation Unit. The departments will also be required to do annual

project status reports and submit to the sector monitoring and evaluation committee.

5.6 The use of M&E findings especially in planning, budgeting, decision making and policy

formulation/review

Departments and other implementing agencies/stakeholders must use monitoring and evaluation

findings to track progress against targets; assessing outcomes of interventions; making decisions;

and, producing evidence-based reports. These reports shall informresource allocation for sector

programmes. Programme and project implementation performance will determine resource

commitment in subsequent MTEF budgets.

5.7 Dissemination and Feedback mechanisms and citizens engagement

The sector will prepare an annual M&E report that will be disseminated to the citizenry through

the county website and other dissemination platforms such as hard copies in ward administrators’

offices and sub county administrators’ offices.

5.8 Mechanism for reviewing (evaluating) and updating the sectoral plan

This Sectoral plan shall be reviewed quarterly (every two and a half years) to coincide with the

midterm review and end-term reporting of CIDP II and CIDP III for synergy in review, reporting

and evaluation of county plans.


Table 4: Monitoring and Evaluation Matrix

Programme

/Project

Objec

tives

Expec

ted

Outco

mes

Key

Perfor

mance

Indicat

or(s)

Ti

me

fra

me

Baseline Targets Data

Collec

tion

Meth

ods/

Sourc

es

Respons

ibility

Five

Year

Targ

et(s)

Ten

Year

Targ

et(s)

Ye

ar

Val

ue

Documents

ENERGY, INFRASTRUCTURE, ICT LANDS & PHYSICAL PLANNING