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Energy Management Systems
Rich HacknerMidwest Region Manager
PrincipalGDS Associates
Presentation Overview
Other Names, All Pretty Much the SameWh t EMS D What an EMS Does
Spectrum of Equipment; Systems and Devices; Integration Features and Example Goals and Benefits; Where Used; How is it Done? EMS Strategies ResultsResults Barriers and Issues; Role of EMS; Industry Direction EMS Re-Commissioning; Validation Options
G tti St t d C l l ti S i C t f W iti Getting Started; Calculating Savings; Cost of Waiting Contact Information
Energy Management System (EMS)
Known by many other namesBAS B ildi A t ti S t• BAS – Building Automation System
• BCS – Building Control System• BMCS – Building Management & Control System• BMS – Building Management System• DDCS – Direct Digital Control System• EMCS – Energy Management & Control SystemEMCS Energy Management & Control System• FMS – Facility Management System• SBS – Smart Building System
What is an EMS?
It is a system that centralizes and integrates:M it i• Monitoring
• Control• Operation• Management of building services and equipment
Span of Systems – A Wide Spectrum
At the low endP ti d t l th t d• Pneumatic-powered controls that govern dampers
• Light switches At the high end
• Computer system designed specifically for the automated control and monitoring of the HVAC and lighting needs of a group of buildings such as university campuses, hospitals, and office buildings
• For industry, capabilities include Load scheduling and demand limitingg g Electricity generation Peak shaving and load shedding
Span of Systems – In Reality
At the low endP bl th t t f HVAC t l• Programmable thermostats for HVAC control
• Occupancy sensors, timers, and dimmers for lighting control At the high end
• Computer system designed specifically for the automated control and monitoring of the HVAC and lighting needs of a single building
Examples of EMS Systems and DevicesS D iSystem Device
Access control systems Door contact deviceAccess card device Biometrics device
Surveillance systems Video camera Surveillance systems Recognition device
Intrusion detection systems
Motion detection deviceWindow detection device Door monitoring device Perimeter detection device
Fire detection and alarm systems
Smoke detector deviceHeat detector device Duct smoke detector device Flame detector device Fire‐gas detector devicePull station device Monitoring device Notification device (audible, visible, intelligent) HVAC control device
Environment controls systems Thermostat control device Lighting control device
Special systems Nurse callRFID tracking Public address (PA) systemPublic address (PA) system
Notice
An EMS controls HVAC and lightingAt th ti it i i t t f At the same time, it is an integrator of• Access control• Surveillance• Intrusion• Fire detection and alarm• CommunicationCommunication• And other systems
Integrating EMS Networks
Features
Web-based systemU li it d th h b• Unlimited users through your browser
• Compatible with web-enabled devices Smart phones Tables
• Combine Internet data with EMS data Man machine interface (MMI) ease of useMan machine interface (MMI) ease of use
• Thermal floor graphics for every system• Graphical setpoints and schedules
B ildi l l Building level Zone level Equipment level
More Features
Reducing life-cycle cost of ownershipU li it d W b d k t ti t• Unlimited Web access reduces workstation costs
• Reduced training requirements• Access from anywhere reduces operational labor• Ease of use (MMI) involves operators intimately with how
building and equipment operates
Goals of an EMS
Reduce energy usageR d ti t• Reduce operating costs
• Competitiveness Reduce operation and maintenance costs
• Ease of use• After hours control and billing
Improve comfort and productivity of occupantsImprove comfort and productivity of occupants Provide timely information to management
• Central monitoring for labor efficiencyAl t ti i t i / l i t• Alarms to anticipate issues/complaints
Scalable to accommodate expansion
Benefits of an EMS System
F ilit t th t f i th b ildi Facilitate the management of energy usage in the building or facilities
Trending and monitoring of energy consumption Automatic and consistent reaction to events Provide a means to gather and view information quickly
Where an EMS is Used
General systemsA l t• Apply energy to Heat Ventilate Cool Filter LightLight
Specific systems• Apply energy to
P Power Operate
How is it Done?
Monitor utility metersM t t l ti h idit CO li ht Measure temperatures, relative humidity, pressure, CO2, light levels, occupancy, etc.
Monitor status of equipment – on/off or open/closed Control equipment start and stop Adjust setpoint values, control valves, dampers and variable
frequency drives
What are the EMS Strategies?
Basic strategies/functions• Thermostat controls• Time scheduling• Optimum start and stopp p• Night setup/set-back• Chilled- and hot-water reset• Supply air temperature VAV• Supply-air temperature VAV• Economizer controls• Alarming• Exporting sensor and
controller data
What are the EMS Strategies?
Intermediate strategies/functions• Demand limiting/load
shedding• Load shifting• Load resetting• Night purge• Duty cyclingDuty cycling• Morning warm-up/cool down• CO2 demand ventilation
E t i iti t d t l• Event initiated controls• Zone-by-zone scheduling
What are the EMS Strategies?
Advanced strategies/functions• Optimal sequencing of
multiple chillers/boilers• Load aggregation• Fault detection and
diagnostics• Tracking energy usageg gy g• Whole building optimization
Results
A comfortable and safe environment for the building occupants for the lowest possible costfor the lowest possible cost
Barriers and Issues
Am I a candidate?C t d Costs and resources
Provider selection Business culture
Am I a Candidate?
Facility complexityI d t i l• Industrial
• Commercial• Institutional
Metering• Use what you have• Infer missing points through modeling, reasonable estimatesInfer missing points through modeling, reasonable estimates
Data historian – Many options Energy spend
P b k < 1 O ti ti i ti• Payback < 1 year: Operations optimization• Payback < 1-2 years: Low hanging fruit• Payback < 2-3 years: Capital investments
Costs and Resources
Perceived high cost – Evaluate value versus costB d t t i t E i lt ti t b i f t t Budget constraints – Examine alternatives to basic fee structure
– Plan for “Pay as you go” Staffing constraints – Leverage resources of others Other priorities – Align provider’s interests with that of your
company Short-term focus
Provider Selection
Provider – Significant investment, ensure a long-term fitE ti• Expertise Good software capabilities Energy management skills
• Reliability• Commercial flexibility – Commercial terms of contract
Product and service capabilitiesProduct and service capabilities• Product sophistication
ApproachF t Features
• Scope of capabilities Software, training, and best practices Consulting and strategy development, implementation
Business Culture
Proof of conceptP t f i d i di t f f t f• Past performance is a good indicator of future performance
• Measurement and verification to prove and report savings Another passing fad Long-term commitment – Pay-off is significant enough to
warrant serious planning and commitment Risk aversion – Change is requiredg q Legacy systems
• May not be operating at full capability• Integrated into EMS or discarded• Integrated into EMS or discarded
Change is required
Role the EMS System Can Play
Capital project identification and developmentF ilit l i Facility planning• Turnarounds• Expansions• Improvements
Operations optimization Maintenance planningMaintenance planning Equipment monitoring Project performance verification
EMS Industry Direction
Open systems and integrationW b b d t Web-based systems
Man machine interface (MMI) ease of use Reducing life-cycle cost of ownership
• First-cost• Maintenance cost• Energy costEnergy cost• Operations cost
Protocols
ProtocolsP i t i di id ll t ll d Proprietary – individually controlled
Shared – strategic alliances Open – general use Defacto standard – industry accepted (e.g., Ethernet, Modbus,
IP, etc.) Standard – agency/association approved (e.g., Lontalk, BACnet, g y pp ( g
Arcnet, etc.)
Issues, and Trends I
DDC control hardware is becoming a commodityThi f ll th d i th t f l t i i l• This follows the drop in the cost of electronics in general
Integration to the Internet is a given Control contractors are now system integrators Software, not hardware, is the heart of today’s EMS system
• EMS systems must integrate with user’s management computer systemsp y
• There are many users, not just building engineers Wireless is expanding rapidly
Wireless EMS Integrations
Point-to-point (sensor to VAV box)WiFi f i l t f i i i WiFi for using a laptop for commissioning
MESH wireless networks Cellular modems on EMS equipment ZIGBEE, RFID, etc.
Issues, and Trends II
Wireless capabilities are expanding rapidlyI t t t ti d i EMS f t Internet user expectations drive EMS features
Full control systems are coming with HVAC mechanical equipment• Much more HVAC equipment will come complete with a
control system• Lighting to follow?
Convergence of building and industrial automation Power and control communications on the same wire is
emergingg g
Same-Wire Power and Control
Simple 120V AC light switchingP li d t i ti Powerline data communication
24V AC power and network traffic for HVAC actuators and sensors
Utility metering and add-on services
Issues, and Trends III
Knowledge of how to control HVAC and how to integrate much more important than any vendor’s systemmore important than any vendor s system
Web services such as weather, technical data bases, and data processors are becoming more importantC t l h d ill b ll t f h i l Control hardware will be a smaller percentage of mechanical budgets, while programming costs will grow
Self-commissioning and auto-tuning systems will become the norm
EMS Re-commissioning
Why is system re-commissioning important?E ll t t d b ildi i f• Even well-constructed buildings experience performance degradation over time
• No matter how well building operators and service t t i t i i t if it t i ffi i tlcontractors maintain equipment, if it operates inefficiently or
more often than needed, energy waste and reliability problems occur
Wh i ti i t t h? Why is preventive maintenance not enough?• Preventive maintenance has a focus on component by
component care, rather than taking the holistic view of the ti tentire system
EMS Re-commissioning
BenefitsR d ti i b ildi ti t• Reduction in building operating costs
• Reduction in occupant complaints• Increased ability to manage the EMS• Building staff receive training and improved documentation• Building occupants are more comfortable or safer
Yesterday’s Control Systems
Today’s Control Systems
Getting Started
Identifying equipment and projectsA t t• Assessment centers Smart Energy Design and Assistance Center (SEDAC) Industrial Assessment Centers Manufacturing Extension Partnerships
• Contractors Technology specific backgroundTechnology specific background Free audits
• Resources for small businesses to learn about energy efficiencyefficiency www.ActOnEnergy.com www.Energystar.gov
Prioritizing Projects
Where should you start?S l diff t i bl• Several different variables
• Age of equipment • Energy costs• Type of business• Hours of operation• Cash flowCash flow
Tight funds – Use low-cost and no-cost measures to generate savings for future projectsFunds available Identify projects which will help save Funds available – Identify projects which will help save on largest energy users
Calculating Savings
Assess potential energy savingsIdentified during audit or assessments• Identified during audit or assessments
www.ActOnEnergy.com• Building Upgrade Value Calculator• Cash Flow Opportunity Calculator• Financial Value Calculator
Remember to include:• Maintenance savings – including staff timeg g• Employee productivity• Increased asset value
Al bCOST OF WAITINGAlways remember…COST OF WAITING
Links for More Information
www.automatedbuildings.comb t www.bacnet.org
www.lonmark.org www.betterbricks.com www.caba.org www.atkinsonelectronics.com www.johnsoncontrols.comwww.johnsoncontrols.com www.honeywell.com www.invensys.com
bt i www.sbt.siemens.com www.echelon.com www.tridium.com
Questions?
