ENERGY RELEASE--ENERGY RELEASE--BIOLOGICAL OXIDATIONBIOLOGICAL OXIDATION

nn PROVIDES FOR A STEP-WISE RELEASEPROVIDES FOR A STEP-WISE RELEASEOF STORED CHEMICAL ENERGYOF STORED CHEMICAL ENERGY(BOUND IN GLUCOSE), BY ENZYME-(BOUND IN GLUCOSE), BY ENZYME-CONTROLLED BIOLOGICALCONTROLLED BIOLOGICALREACTIONS (METABOLIC Rx)REACTIONS (METABOLIC Rx)

nn RELEASE OF ENERGY IN TWO FORMS:RELEASE OF ENERGY IN TWO FORMS:

uuBODY HEATBODY HEAT

uuATPATP

BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION:CELL RESPIRATION

nn ENERGY RELEASE RxENERGY RELEASE Rx

nn RELEASES ENERGY STORED INRELEASES ENERGY STORED INGLUCOSEGLUCOSE

nn METABOLIC Rx--ENZYMEMETABOLIC Rx--ENZYMECONTROLLED RELEASE OF ENERGYCONTROLLED RELEASE OF ENERGY

nn TOTAL ENERGY RELEASED WITHTOTAL ENERGY RELEASED WITHCOMPLETE OXIDATION OF GLUCOSE:COMPLETE OXIDATION OF GLUCOSE:uu 686,000 CALORIES/MOLE686,000 CALORIES/MOLE

TYPES OF RESPIRATON

nn AEROBICAEROBIC--REQUIRES USE OF--REQUIRES USE OFOXYGEN (OOXYGEN (O22) TO COMPLETELY) TO COMPLETELYRELEASE ENERGY IN GLUCOSERELEASE ENERGY IN GLUCOSE

nn ANAEROBICANAEROBIC--TAKES PLACE IN--TAKES PLACE INABSENCE OF OXYGENABSENCE OF OXYGENuu RESULTS IN AN INCOMPLETERESULTS IN AN INCOMPLETE

OXIDATION OF GLUCOSE ENERGYOXIDATION OF GLUCOSE ENERGY

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

nn FERMENTATIONFERMENTATIONuu PRODUCES ETHYL ALCOHOL…ORPRODUCES ETHYL ALCOHOL…OR

uu LACTIC ACIDLACTIC ACID

AEROBIC RESPIRATION Rx

nn CC66HH1212OO6 6 + O+ O22---->CO---->CO22 + H + H220 + 0 + ENERGYENERGY

nn REACTANTS:REACTANTS:uu GLUCOSEGLUCOSE

uu OXYGENOXYGEN

nn PRODUCTS:PRODUCTS:uu COCO22

uu HH22OO

uu ENERGYENERGYFF ATPATP

FF BODY HEATBODY HEAT

STAGES OF CELLRESPIRATION

nn GLYCOLYSISGLYCOLYSIS

nn KREBS CYCLEKREBS CYCLE

nn ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEMELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM

AEROBIC RESPIRATION Rx

nn CC66HH1212OO6 6 + O+ O22---->CO---->CO22 + H + H220 + 0 + ENERGYENERGY

AEROBIC RESPIRATIONAEROBIC RESPIRATION

CYTOPLASM

MITOCHONDRIA

SYSTEM

MITOCHONDION STRUCTUREMITOCHONDION STRUCTURE

ELECTRON TRANSPORTSYSTEM

nn TAKES PLACE IN MITOCHONDRIATAKES PLACE IN MITOCHONDRIA

nn CONVERTS HYDROGEN (ELECTRON)CONVERTS HYDROGEN (ELECTRON)CARRIER MOLECULES TO ATPCARRIER MOLECULES TO ATP

nn REQUIRES OXYGEN TO COMPLETEREQUIRES OXYGEN TO COMPLETEPROCESSPROCESS

nn PROVIDES NET GAIN OF 32PROVIDES NET GAIN OF 32 ATPs ATPsFROM ELECTRON CARRIERS (NADHFROM ELECTRON CARRIERS (NADH& FADH& FADH22))

ATP FROM HYDROGEN(ELECTRON) CARRIERS IN

ELECTRON TRASNPORTSYSTEM

nn NADH NADH CONVERTS TO CONVERTS TO 33 ATPS ATPS

nn FADHFADH22 CONVERTS TO CONVERTS TO 22 ATPS ATPS

nn ELECTRONS (HYDROGENS) AREELECTRONS (HYDROGENS) AREADDED TO OXYGEN TO FORMADDED TO OXYGEN TO FORMWATER AS END PRODUCTWATER AS END PRODUCT

nn THUS…OXYGEN IS FINALTHUS…OXYGEN IS FINALHYDROGEN ACCEPTOR MOLECULEHYDROGEN ACCEPTOR MOLECULE

AEROBIC RESPIRATION:SUMMARY

nn GLYCOLOYSIS:GLYCOLOYSIS:uu CYTOPLASMCYTOPLASM

uu NET GAIN OF 2NET GAIN OF 2 ATPs ATPs

uu NET GAIN OF 2NET GAIN OF 2 NADHs NADHs

uu PYRUVATE (PYRUVIC ACID)PYRUVATE (PYRUVIC ACID)

nn KREBS CYCLEKREBS CYCLEuu MITOCHONDIAMITOCHONDIA

uu NET GAIN OF 2NET GAIN OF 2 ATPs ATPs

uu NET GAIN OF 6NET GAIN OF 6 NADHs NADHs

uu NET GAIN OF 2 FADHNET GAIN OF 2 FADH22