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Presentations from the International Workshop on Energy Storage Technologies and Applications, April 2013, ADB Headquarters, Manila
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Energy Storage for the bottom of the pyramid
Ananth Aravamudan SELCO
Setting the context…
• SELCO is an 18 year old social enterprise whose mission
is to provide sustainable energy services to the poor and
under-served
– Dr.Harish Hande, founder, won the Magsaysay Award in 2011
• SELCO has electrified, via solar, more than 150,000
households (more than half a million people)
– 30 branches and 200+ employees
• 90% of the systems are financed (mainly by banks, also
co-operatives, MFI’s, etc.)
• SELCO philosophy
– Solar energy system should be treated as an asset that is
bankable
• This implies high quality, long life and warranties that
match typical loan tenures
– Service is as important as sales
How do the economics work out?
Energy source for
lighting
Details Monthly
household
expenditure
Kerosene
Decentralized Solar
Energy
Household Level:
Rs. 8000 @ 12% for 5 yrs Rs. 180
6 liters (Rs. 14 per liter + Rs. 60 per liter) Rs. 270
SELCO-India in a snapshot
SELCO India
SELCO Solar Private Limited (1995)
- 32 branches - 3 states
- 200+ employees - Partnerships with
Financial institutions
Operations Mission Projects
SELCO Foundation (2010)
Experimenting with technology,
financing and community models
SELCO Labs
- Rural, Urban,
Education, Tribal
communities
Policy
Capturing the
Practitioners’
perspective
SELCO Incubation
Center (2012)
- 8 Incubatees
in 2012
- North and North
Eastern States
ENERGY STORAGE
AT SELCO
Solar Home Lighting Systems
Home Light Systems
Rural Home Basic Solar PV system working model
Energy Storage for HLS
• SELCO home lighting systems use tubular
flooded lead-acid batteries
• Designed for 3 day autonomy, never exceeding
20% depth of discharge
• Batteries rated at a discharge rate of C10
Energy Storage for HLS (contd…)
• Pros
– Locally manufactured, cost effective
– Field-proven, come with 5 years warranty
• Essential for bank loans
• Cons
– Require maintenance (distilled water top up every 4
months)
– Low energy density, bulky and heavy
– Transported in “wet” condition, since local handling of
“dry” batteries not possible in remote locations
• Many transporters won’t take these
Central charging models – street hawkers
Energy Centre, Tubrahalli, Bangalore
Mobile and lantern charging facility, Dharmastala Energy Centre Customers, Chitradurga
Energy Centre, Udupi
Central charging models – energy centres
Energy Storage for Central Charging
• Early models used small tubular lead acid
batteries (10 Ah – 15 Ah)
• More recent models use sealed lead acid
batteries
• Battery portability is a key factor
• In these systems, batteries are deep-cycled every
day, especially in slum homes
Energy Storage for Central Charging
(contd…)
• Pros of sealed lead acid
– Locally manufactured, cost effective
– Relatively lighter than tubular batteries
– No maintenance required
• Cons
– Poor cycle life, failures start from 6 months onwards
– Warranty is from 6 months to 1 year
– Use and throw
Light for Education - model
Light and battery
Charging station at School
Solar panel on school roof
Child studying at home
Energy Storage for LFE
• Light for Education uses NiMh or Li-ion batteries
• Storage ranges from 1500 – 2200 mAh
• Pros:
– Extremely portable and lightweight, fits into the child’s
– No risk of leakage or spillage
• Cons
– Works only for small loads like study lamp
– Cost is relatively high
Summary
• Our target communities need upgraded energy
storage technology!
• Fixed home lighting systems:
– Spill proof, yet highly reliable batteries
• Portable systems:
– Lightweight, high cycle life batteries
– Small cost increase can be afforded, but not a massive
one
Thank You