Energy Transfer Potential Assessment

3sCE417P3

Introduction of Regional Energy Concepts

Energy Transfer Potential Assessment and Planning Report

Mazovia Region

3.3.2

publicity April 2014,

public Milena Jagodzińska – Wróbel,

internet Arkadiusz Piotrowski

print

X non public

This project is implemented through the

CENTRAL EUROPE Programme co-financed by the ERDF

The sole responsibility for the content of this report lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the

opinion of the European Communities. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that maybe

made of the information contained therein

3sCE417P3 – 3.3 Assessment of Energy Transfer Potential Introduction of Regional Energy Concepts

Table of contents

1. Regional electricity network and distribution ............................................................................... 3

1.1. Sector description in Poland................................................................................................... 3

1.2. International power engineering connections of Poland ...................................................... 3

1.3. Planned new connections....................................................................................................... 5

2. Public Power System ...................................................................................................................... 7

2.1. Transmission grid .................................................................................................................... 8

2.2. Distribution network .............................................................................................................. 9

2.3. Condition of the public transmission grid ............................................................................ 13

3. Energy balance .............................................................................................................................. 20

4. PV assessment of daily peaks of production in combination with demand. ................................. 23

5. Present energy transfer possibilities................................................................................................ 23

6. List of figures ..................................................................................................................................... 31


1. Regional electricity network and distribution

1.1. Sector description in Poland

The operator of the power transmission system in the whole Poland is Polskie Sieci

Elektroenergetyczne S.A. (further on "PSE"), formerly PSE-Operator S.A., operating pursuant to the

Energy Law and responsible for the transmission traffic in the power system, current and non-current

security of the system, exploitation, maintenance and repairs, and necessary extension of the

transmission network, including connections with other power system.

PSE is a member of the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity -

ENTSO-E. Since 2006 PSE taking part in the Electricity Regional Initiative (ERI) ERGEG, has been

cooperating in the group of eight transmission system operators from the area of the Central and

Eastern Europe, covering parts of Germany, Austria, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Hungary and

Slovakia.

In December 2008 transmission system operators from the Czech Republic, Germany,

Austria, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Poland concluded a memorandum of understanding for

the enhancement of operation security of connected power transmission systems in the region of

Central Europe.

In 2007 PSE concluded a memorandum of understanding concerning the cooperation with

transmission system operators from Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia in order to integrate the electricity

markets of the Baltic states with the internal energy market of the European Union. The

Memorandum of Understanding as regards planning and coordination of the development of

transmission systems in the region of the Baltic Sea was concluded in 2008 by PSE and five operators

of transmission systems from Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland and Sweden.1

1.2. International power engineering connections of Poland

The total capacity of the connections of the Polish power system with the states of the

European Union amounts to 2,000-3,000 MW (depending on the configuration of the system

operation) and is limited with transmission capacity of the internal public system. The present

capacity of cross-border connections satisfies the goal approved by the Council of Europe, providing

for a minimum of 10 percent of the transmission capacity of cross-border connections in relation to

the power installed in the public power system. 2

1 Source: www.pse-operator.pl

2 Source: www.rynek-energii-elektrycznej.cire.pl


Picture 1. International power connections pf Poland (source: cire.pl)

Table 1. International power connections of Poland (source: cire.pl)

Line Voltage Permissible

load

Quantity of

goods

Comments

Krajnik - Vierraden 400 kV 778 A i 296

MW

2

Mikułowa -

Hagenverder

400 kV 2000 A i 1385

MW

2

Wielopole -

Albrechtice

400 kV 2000 A i 1385

MW

1

Wielopole - Nošovice 400 kV 2000 A i 1385

MW

1

Bujaków - Liskovec 220 kV 1050 A i 400

MW

1

Kopanina - Liskovec 220 kV 1050 A i 400

MW

1

Słupsk - Stärno 450 kV (prądu

stałego)

1

Białystok - Roś 220 kV 608 A i 231

MW

1 Line was closed 30.06.2004

Wólka Dobrzyńska -

Brześć

110 kV 120 MW 1 Private line conected with distribution

network


LUBZELu.

Dobrotwór - Zamość 220 kV 660 A i 251

MW

1 in eis working in radial arrangement

Rzeszów -

Chmielnicka

750 kV 1500 A i 1300

MW

1 Part of one and only polish line 750 kV. This

line was closed in 1993.

Krosno Iskrzynia -

Leměšany

400 kV 1200 A i 831

MW

2

1.3. Planned new connections

A shortcoming of the Polish and also European transmission system is insufficient power of cross

system connections. The extension of cross-border connections planned till 2020 is to liquidate this

disadvantageous for the European energy security phenomenon and help fully open the energy

market.

Compliant with the PSE's plans it is planned to:

on the German border:

construct six 400 kV lines,

modernise Krajnik-Morzyczyn-Dunowo 400 kV line route,

changing the two-route line of Krajnik-Vierraden (Germany) to the voltage of 400 kV,

installation of phase shifters in Krajnik station on 400 kV Krajnik-Vierraden line,

construction of 400 kV switching station in Byczyna station.

on the Czech and Slovakian border:

connecting the existing Tucznawa-Rzeszów 400 kV line to Baczyna station,

modernisation of Łagisza-Tucznawa 400 kV line and both routes of Tucznawa-Byczyna 400 kV

line,

modernisation of 220 kV Moszczenica-Wielopole and Podborze-Moszczenica line,

construction of 2-route cross-system 400 kV Byczyna-Varin (Slovakia) line,

on the Ukrainian border:

construction of a converter station, B-T-B type, 2x600 MVA capacity, in Rzeszów station,

modernisation of 750 kV Rzeszów-Chmielnicka line.3

Poland-Lithuania energy bridge

Poland-Lithuania energy bridge is a strategic investment for the energy security of the north-

eastern Poland. An agreement relating to the construction of a cross-border connection of power

systems of the both countries was signed on 8 December 2006. The basic goal of the Project is to

3 Source: PSE SA, PSE-Operator SA, "Puls Energii" - No. 6/2005;


connect the electricity markets of the Baltic states with the markets of the other EU states by closing

the so-called Baltic ring.

The structure of the transmission system of the north-eastern Poland is one of the weakest

cells of the Public Power System (Polish: Krajowy System Elektroenergetyczny (KSE)) and it is not

sufficient to counteract the factors endangering the safety and operation of KSE in case of any

unexpected failure. A small number of existing stations and line connections between them makes

that alternative routes of energy distribution do not exist. The existing structure and number of

power objects guarantees power supply in that region of the country only in normal operations

systems of KSE.

The duty of the Project is creation in the National Transmission System of a connection with

the transmission system of Lithuania including the necessary strengthening of the Polish transmission

grid in the region of the north-eastern Poland in order to guarantee a better quality and reliability of

supplying the users with electricity and a growth in the security of its supplies. The realisation of the

investment will result in the extension of a considerable part of the National Transmission System in

the north-eastern part of the country, better reliability of electricity supplies, especially to large

urban and industrial agglomerations and reduction in transmission losses. Within the project the

existing, obsolete energy grids will be extended and modernised in the north-eastern Poland, and

400 km new lines will be created.

Poland-Lithuania project is implemented in two stages. Within the first stage (financial

perspective 2007-2013) 11 investments will be implemented, which were grouped in 6 applications

for funding:

Application No. 1 - Construction of 400/220/110 kV Ołtarzew station (Mazowieckie province);

Application No. 2 – Construction of Ostrołęka (Mazowieckie province) – Narew (Podlaskie

province) line with the extension of Ostrołęka and Narew stations;

Application No. 3 – Construction of Ełk Bis (Warmińsko-mazurskie province) - Łomża

(Podlaskie province) line with the construction of Łomża and Ełk Bis stations (stage I);

Application No. 4 – Construction of Miłosna-Siedlce Ujrzanów line (Mazowieckie province)

with the construction of Siedlce Ujrzanów station;

Application No. 5 – Construction of Ełk Bis (Warmińsko-mazurskie province) - Polish border

(Podlaskie province) line with the construction of Ełk Bis stations (stage II);

Application No. 6 - Construction of Stanisławów station (Mazowieckie province); 4

4 Source: www.stacjastanislawow.pl

http://www.narew-ostroleka.eu/

http://www.narew-ostroleka.eu/

http://www.elk-lomza.eu/

http://www.elk-lomza.eu/

http://www.energiadlamazowsza.pl/

http://www.energiadlamazowsza.pl/

http://liniaelkgranica.pl/

http://liniaelkgranica.pl/


Picture 2. Overview of the localisation of the investment in the Project "Poland-Lithuania power connection" (source: pse.pl)

2. Public Power System

In Poland the continuity and stability of electricity supplies is guaranteed by a group of entities

forming three subsystems within the Public Power System:

• generation subsystem,

• transmission grid,

• distribution network.

The generation subsystem covers system power plants, industrial power plants and combined

heat and power plants, regional combined heat and power plants, hydroelectric plants, wind farms,

solar farms, plants fired with biomass and biogas. The generated energy is distributed through the

transmission grid: 750 kV, 400 kV and 220 kV power lines and stations. The transmission grid is


managed by one operator - PSE S.A. The end user receives energy thanks to the distribution network

covering 110 kV lines (due to the operation specifics managed by PSE) and medium and low voltage

lines.5

2.1. Transmission grid

The extra high voltage transmission grid in Poland is composed of:

• 242 lines of the total length of 13,396 km, including:

– 1 line 750 kV voltage, total length 114 km,

– 74 lines 400 kV voltage, total length 5,340 km,

– 167 lines 220 kV voltage, total length 7,942 km,

• 100 stations for extra high voltage (EHV),

• and the under-sea connection for direct current 450 kV Poland – Sweden of the total length of 254

km. 6

Picture 3. Map of the Polish transmission grid (Source: Polish Power Network: "DEVELOPMENT PLAN

within satisfaction of the present and future demand for electricity during 2010 – 2025")

5 Polska Agencja Informacji i Inwestycji Zagranicznych S.A.: "Polish energy sector".

6 www.pse-operator.pl


2.2. Distribution network

Although the total number of entities holding licences for trade in electricity is around 340, the

distribution market is divided among 4 key distribution operators: Enea, Energa, PGE and Tauron. In

Warsaw the distribution is handled by RWE.


Picture 4. The map of the largest Polish Operators of Distribution Systems including areas of operations (source: rynek-energii-elektrycznej.cire.pl)

The transmission system of electricity for the Mazowieckie Province (Mazovia) constitutes a

part of the Public Power System and covers extra high voltage grids, i.e. 400 kV and 220 kV, and high

voltage networks - 110 kV. They are used to transmit power from system power plants and

distribution of energy for long and medium distance. The system covers also the transformer

stations of extra high voltage, 400 kV and 220 kV.

In picture 5 the current schema of the Public Power System is presented graphically (transmission

grid) with available connection capacities - according to the state for 2012.7

7 PSE Operator SA, Information on the availability of the connection capacity to the transmission system (as of 31.07.2012)


Picture 5. The current schema of the Public Power System is presented graphically (transmission grid) with available connection capacities - according to the state for 2012 (source: PSE S.A., Information on the availability of the connection capacity to the transmission system (as of 31.07.2012)

On the area of the Mazowieckie Province the distribution of electricity by power grids and

devices of high voltage (HV), medium voltage (MV) and low voltage (LV) to end users is realised by

the following operators of distribution systems (OSDs):

1. PGE Dystrybucja S.A operates in the largest area of Mazovia Voivodship and provides energy to

48 cities and 148 communes in Mazovia voivodship (excluding Warsaw and the area of Płock) and

also part of Warmia-Masuria and Lublin voivodships. It has 54.965 km electrical power lines with


every voltage and 16.146 electrical substations with joint power of 2 289 MVA. Overhead power lines

constitute 80% of the network length.8

2. RWE Stoen Operator Sp. z o.o. (former STOEN) deals with distributing electrical energy through

own network located in the area of Warsaw to the following communes: Izabelin, Jabłonna, Józefów,

Konstancin Jeziorna, Legionowo, Lesznowola, Łomianki, Marki, Michałowice, Nieporęt, Ożarów

Mazowiecki, Piaseczno, Piastów, Raszyn, Stare Babice, Sulejówek, Wiązowna, Ząbki, Zielonka.

RWE Stoen Operator Sp. z o.o. supplies energy to over 910 thousand consumers by means

of overhead lines with the voltage of 220 kV, which are 8 km long, overhead lines with the voltage

of 110 kV, which are 396 km long and 77km of cable lines. Medium-voltage lines used by the

company are 292 km- overhead and 6330km –cables. RWE Operator also has 1397 km low-voltage

(0,4 kV) overhead lines and 7042 km low-voltage cable lines. Cable lines constitute 95% of lines in 15

kV Network

According to the investment plan for years 2011-2015, RWE Stoen Operator Sp. z o.o. intends

to spend about 1,1 billion PLN. The investment plan includes both expansion and modernization

of existing infrastructural elements of the network. New high-voltage lines will be cable lines, which

will strengthen the position of RWE Stoen Operator Sp. z o.o. in Poland, a leader in the construction

and operation of high-voltage lines. 9 Investment plans are graphically presented in pic. 6.

8 http://infrastruktura.um.warszawa.pl/adresy/firmy/pge-dystrybucja-warszawa-teren-sp-z-oo 9 J.Jakubowski, RWE OperatorSp.z o.o. Aktualny stan i wyzwania w rozwoju sieci dystrybucyjnej RWE

(Current state and challenges in The development of Distribution Network RWE)


Picture 6. Investments planned by RWE Operator for strategy of development until 2020

3. ENERGA Operator SA is one of the largest distributors of electricity in Poland. The company is

a member of Energa SA . ENERGA Operator SA supplies electricity to the eight counties, located in

the north-western part, ie. the counties of Gostyń, Płock, Sierpc, Żuromin, Mława, Ciechanów, Płońsk

and Przasnysz (without Jednorożec Commune) in the area of Mazovia.

2.3. Condition of the public transmission grid

Most of the transmission lines of 400 kV voltage were built in 1970s and 80s of the 20th century.

Some grids aged 40 years and more require urgent modernisation. Execution of the modernisation is

difficult due to the fact that the lines cannot be switched off. The age structure of 220 kV lines points

to the necessity of their modernisation. Extension and modernisation programmes developed by PSE

S.A. are based on the concept of development of 400 kV grids on the existing 200 kV line routes.

After their realisation the structure will be changed of the length of lines by voltage (the total length

of 400 kV lines will be increased, and the total length of 220 kV will decrease).

In the percentage structure of transformer age a large percentage is units aged 30 to 40

years. In previous years the gradual programme of replacement of transformer units was

implemented. It is planned to continue the replacement along with the programme of construction

of additional transformer units and purchase of new generation transformers.


From the analyses performed it follows that most objects may be still operated for ten odd

years. In the case of devices, i.e. transformers, switches and line objects of 400 kV voltage such

a period is safe. Yet, in the case of 220 kV line the anticipated period of operation is short. 10

In the opinion of PSE S.A. in order to guarantee a safe operation of the Public Power System

(KSE) it is necessary to construct at least 6.5 GW new generating capacity. Failure to construct new

generating sources will result, in a medium-term objective (during the coming several years), in no

possibility of covering the demand for electricity and peak power.

According to the Development Plan of the Transmission Grid (PRSP) the following is planned

in the horizon till 2025:

• construction of ca. 4,600 km new transmission lines - 400 kV,

• modernisation of the existing 400 kV and 220 kV lines with the length of ca. 2500 km,

• construction of 17 new station objects,

• modernisation of 21 existing stations and switching stations,

• construction of new cross-border connections with the Lithuanian and German systems and re-

starting 750 kV connection with the Ukrainian system.11

10 Source: "DEVELOPMENT PLAN within satisfaction of the present and future demand for electricity during 2010 – 2025, update for 2013-2017", PSE 11 Source: “Planning of the Polish transmission network development in the perspective of the year 2025”


Picture 7. Development Plan of the transmission network looking forward to 2025 (source: “Planning of the Polish transmission network development in the perspective of the year 2025”)

On the area of the Mazowieckie Province during 2008-2033 an extension of the Public

Transmission system is planned (extra high voltage power grids) with a particular attention paid to

400 kV line connections of the Warsaw Power Node with the adjacent regions:

Łódzkie province (Ołtarzew - Bełchatów) with Warmińsko-mazurskie province (Miłosna - Ostrołęka -

Ełk, Ostrołęka – Olsztyn, Płock - Olsztyn),

with Podlaskie province (Ostrołęka - Narew);

with Lubelskie province (Siedlce - Biała Podlaska - Elektrownia Wschód);

with Wielkopolskie province (Ołtarzew - Pątnów complex of power plants Adamów - Konin)12

12 Source: "Spatial development and planning act, Energy Law, Construction law, which enable a

practical execution of objects of the superlocal energy infrastructure necessary to guarantee the

energy security of Poland”;

„A synthesis of provincial demands as regards the Concept of Spatial Development of Poland for

2008-2033, within the layout of the technical and transport infrastructure, strategic water resources


Warsaw agglomeration during summer season, in particular, due to lower production of

energy by CHP is exposed to higher risk of breakdown (available CHP power is 200MW which is 25%

of winter potential). To improve the safety of the Mazovia PSE grid the Operator plans the following

investments till 2015:

Building of 400/220/110 kV station Ołtarzew which is located in Ożarów Mazowiecki community, in

Warsaw-West district. Ołtarzew station will be connected by means of five 400 kV lines and four 220

kV lines

Building of 400 kV line Ostrołęka-Narew

Development of 220/110 kV Ostrołęka station by a 400 kV distribution unit

Building of a single track 400 kV line Miłosna-Siedlce Ujrzanów. The length of proposed line is ca 84

km.

Building of 400/110 kV station Siedlce Ujrzanów and building of the output to 400 kV distribution unit

towards Miłosna and Kozienice

Till 2020 OSP (transmission system operator) plans the following investments:

Building of 400/110 kV line Ostrołęka -Stanisławów. Length of projected line is ca 106 km.

Building of 400/110 kV station which will cover the area of ca 7,3 ha.

Building of 400 kV line Kozienice-Siedlce Ujrzanów. Total length of the line is ca 90 km.

Building of 400 kV line Płock-Olsztyn. Length of projected line is ca 170 km.

Development of 400/110 kV Płock station

Development of 400/220/110 kV Kozienice station. 6 lines, one auto transformer of 400/220 kV, 500

MVA and 3 block transformers of ENEA Wytwarzanie Power Plant will be finally connected to the

distribution unit.

and significant water management objects"


Picture 8. Development of KSP in Mazowieckie Voivodeship (Source: Program of development of KSP PSE Operator)

h

The anticipated growth in demand for power and electricity in Poland amounts to ca. 2% annually,

which is presented in table 2.

Table 2. Anticipated growth in demand for power and electricity in Poland (source: Planning of the Polish transmission network development in the perspective of the year 2025")

Specification 2012 2016 2025 2030

Peak demand for power, MW 25 845 28 913 36 020 40 256

Demand for power available, MW 31 014 34 696 43 224 48 307

National electricity consumption, TWh 162 176 220 246

The forecast growth in demand, implementation of common EU climate policy, and also

a considerable exploitation of the existing generating units result in the fact that one of the basic

conditions setting the directions of the extension of the transmission grid in the PRSP perspective till

2025 is the construction of new generating sources. Within the connection of renewable energy

sources PSE S.A., planning the development of the National Transmission System, undertakes

activities aiming at the fulfilment of the requirements specified in the government documents -

"Energy Policy of Poland till 2030" and "National Renewable Energy Action Plan" (further on: KPD).


Presently, the capacity of wind farms connected to the Public Power System is around 2,200 MW.

PSE and Operators of Distribution Systems specified the conditions for the connection for wind farms

with the total capacity of over 17 GW (including PSE in the amount of ca. 6.7 GW), and concluded

agreements for the connection for wind farms with the capacity of over 13 GW (including PSE

amounting to 4 GW). The sum of the above capacities significantly exceeds the level resulting from

the ratios adopted in the government documents, i.e. both in "Polish Energy Policy" and in KPD. It is

worth emphasising that the construction of at least a half of the aforementioned capacities coming

from wind farms will guarantee fulfilment of the requirements put before Poland in the EU climate

and energy package. The development of the transmission grid planned in the current PRSP will also

enable the connection, till 2020, marine wind farms with the capacity indicated in KPD, i.e. ca. 500

MW.13

According to PSE S.A., technical conditions after the realisation of the development of the

transmission grid, planned till 2020, will allow to connect and transmit power from marine wind

farms with the capacity of up to ca. 1,000 MW. The location of new generating sources planned for

connection to the transmission grid in the current development plan of the transmission grid is

presented in picture 9.

13 Source: "Planning of the Polish transmission network development in the perspective of the year

2025"


Picture 9. Planned grid extension (source: "Planning of the Polish transmission network development in the perspective of the year 2025")

Available rated power have been described with division into stations and groups of stations

as well as divided into initial rated power and available power for 2012-2017. This is 5 year planning

horizon required from PSE (transmission system operator) by Energy Law. Further predictions are

of prognostic character and often change substantially. Table 3 presents the values of potentially

available connection powers.

Table 3. Values of potentially available connection capacity (source: PSE Operator SA, Information about available powers additional to transmission net (on 31.07.2012.))

c Groups/loops Initial

available

powers

Available

powers

Initial

available

powers

Available

powers

Year 2012 Year 2017

1. Group Ostrołęka 0 0 0 0


2. Group aglomeracja warszawska 500 200 500 200

3. Mory 0 0 0 0

4. Mościska 250 100 250 100

5. Miłosna 250 100 250 100

6. Piaseczno 0 0 0 0

7. Siekierki (w przyszłości) 0 0 0 0

8. Ołtarzew (w przyszłości) 0 0 0 0

9. Group Sochaczew 0 0 0 0

10. Group Płock 400 kV 0 0 0 0

11. Group Płock Podolszyce 220 kV 0 0 0 0

12. Kozienice 0 0 0 0

13. Grupa Radom 150 0 150 0

14.. Rożki 150 0 150 0

15. All MW 1300 400 1300 400

3. Energy balance

The production of primary energy is based mainly on fossil fuels. The first place is taken by -

and probably will be long taken by - coal (hard and brown coal).

Diagram 1. Electricity generation structure in Poland by source (Source: Poland Energy Report, Enerdata, July 2012.)


In Poland, from among renewable energy sources the wind energy engineering is developing

the most intensively. According to the data of the Energy Regulatory Office as at the end of

September 2012 in Poland there were 663 wind farms with the total capacity of 2,341 MW. The most

wind farms are located in north-western areas of Poland. The leader is the Zachodniopomorskie

province (716.8 MW), then Pomorskie province (246.9 MW) and Wielkopolskie (245.3 MW). Wind

energy engineering presently constitutes 57.6% of all the electricity renewable sources. It took the

first place among the renewable energy sources already in 2009.14

Table 4. Electricity produced form renewable energy sources in Poland (source: '''ERO", 30.09.2012)

Type of instalation Number of

instalations

Energy

produced (MW)

Biogas plants 193 124

Biomass plants 24 559

Fotovoltaic plants 8 1,251

Wind power plants 663 2,341

Water power plants 765 958

Co-combustion technology 44 b.d.

Picture 10. Share of the renewable energy sources in energy consumption in 2010 and forecast for 2020 (source: "National Renewable Energy Action Plan", PIGEO)

The Mazowieckie Province is the largest (besides Silesia region) consumer of electricity, but

generates it too little in relation to needs and mainly from coal.

Table 5 comprises the main categories of the balance of the electricity sector for the year

14 Source: Group of companies of PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna SA, GK TAURON Polska Energia SA, EDF.

“Poland Energy Report”, Enerdata, July 2012

http://www.ure.gov.pl/uremapoze/mapa.html

http://www.ure.gov.pl/uremapoze/mapa.html


2011. It shows both the volume of annual energy production including system power facilities (

Mazovia : Kozienice Power Plant, Ostrołęka Power Plant and CHP stations in Warsaw (PGNiG Termika

), with achievable power capacity of about 4600 MWe.

Table 5. Sectoral sum of electrical energy for Mazowsze and Poland in 2011 (Source: own elaboration)

Bilans sum of electrical energy

Mazowsze Poland Literature; SEP-

Statistic of Polish

Electroenergetic

2011,Warsaw 2012

GWh/

a % GWh/a %

Electrical energy production brutto in Mazowsze

and in country:

2240

8,2

100,0

%

16354

8,0

100,0

%

Based on ARE, SEP,

s. 36 i 104

- including system objects (EL i EC zawod.) - netto

for network

1808

7,8

80,7

%

13476

6,0

82,4

%

Estimation IEN for

Mazowsze; for

country ARE, SEP,

p. 37

- including renewable sources (with co-

combustion)

1194,

1 5,3%

13136,

8 8,0% ARE, SEP, p.106

Delivery of electrical energy from commune

nework to receivers, including:

2060

1,2

91,9

%

14766

8,0

90,3

% ARE, SEP, p.120

- use in Professional electroenergetics (EL+EC+

sieci)

1946,

4 8,7%

15272,

5 9,3% ARE, SEP, p.120

- delivery from producer of energy + other+

renewable sources

2308,

7

10,3

% 7828,1 4,8% ARE, SEP, p.120

Delivery of electrical energy from commune

nework to final receivers

1702

3,4

76,0

%

12202

3,0

74,6

%

IEN indentified

data with ARE, SEP,

p. 39

-network NN (400 i 220 kV) 0,0 0,0% 2427,0 1,5% ARE, SEP, p.51

- network WN (110 kV) 3154,

4

14,1

%

24167,

0

14,8

% ARE, SEP, p.51

- network SN (mainly 15 kV) 5446,

8

24,3

%

41781,

0

25,5

% ARE, SEP, p.52

-network 'nn' (below 1 kV) 8422,

2

37,6

%

53648,

0

32,8

%

ARE, SEP, p.52 and

p. 124

In theory, this power should be sufficient to ensure the continuity and security of supply of

power and electricity to Mazovia, in particular to Warsaw. However, in recent years serious power

failure during the summer season have occurred in Warsaw, which is now more vulnerable to

failures. This is due to the planned maintenance and withdrawal of power, e.g. in CHP Warsaw

power available for the summer is only about 201 MWe and in winter- 811 MWe. In addition, any

repairs, especially regarding unplanned unit failures in Kozienice or Ostrołęka cause lack of power. It

should be stated that the demand for electric power in summer peak in Warsaw ( 1100 MWe ) is


getting closer to the winter peak ( 1400 MWe ), which is thought to be caused by a huge increase in

the needs of air conditioning systems (offices, business services, private homes ).

According to the public statistics papers (GUS, ARE) the power installed in electricity sources

in the Mazowieckie province in 2011 reached 5,086.5 MW, including the power installed in RES

sources totalling to 180.90 MW. The gross production of electricity in the Mazowieckie province in

2011 amounted to 22,408.2 GWh.15

In the opinion expressed in the Development Strategy of the Mazowieckie Provin16ce till

2030, the total electrical capacity of electricity sources of the Mazowieckie province is not sufficient

in relation to the forecast needs for 2020-2030. Therefore, in Mazovia there is no surplus of energy

generated from renewable sources.

Table 6. Installed electric Power in Mazovia Region (2011)

Electricity

Installed electric capacity

Total Fossils Hydropower Wind Solar

PV

Biogas Solid biomass Unit

5086,5 4 905,60 22,1 110,2 1,5 12,0 35,1 MW installed capacity

Table 7. Installed heat power in Mazovia Region (2011)

Heat

Installed electric capacity

Total Fossils Solar Thermal Geothermal Solid biomass Biogas Unit

9 411,0 9 318,6 0,7 2,7 89,0 0,0 MW installed capacity

4. PV assessment of daily peaks of production in combination with demand.

In the Mazowieckie province electricity from PV installations is generated in a very small amount, so

data of the daily peaks from the PV production is not available.

5. Present energy transfer possibilities

The present energy transfer possibilities in Poland with the abroad are presented in the tables and

diagrams below.

15 "Polish Power Engineering Statistics 2011”. Agencja Rynku Energii (Energy Market Agency), Warsaw 2012, pp. 101-104. 16 Development Strategy of the Mazowieckie Province till 2030, Intelligent Mazovia, Mazowieckie Province of Regional Planning, Warsaw 2012.


Table 8. Energy transfer in Poland with the abroad in 2012 - physical flows [MWh] (Source: KSE (Public Power System 2012 Report)

Specification Energy input Energy output

1. Parallel exchange 6 110 585 11 515 008

1.1. Krosno – Lemesany (400 kV) 1 532 3 498 541

1.2. Albrechtice- Dobrzeń (400 kV) 3 195 2 605 272

1.3. Nosowice – Wielopole (400 kV) 995 3 763 071

1.4. Hagenberder – Mikułowa (400 kV) 4 329 932 56 502

1.5. Liskovec – Kopanina – Bujaków (220

kV)

56 796 1 476 197

1.6. Vierraden – Krajnik (220 kV) 1 718 135 115 426

2. Non-parallel exchange 3 692 409 1 129 180

2.1. Triniec – Mnisztwo – Ropice (110 kV) 0 275 626

2.2. Porici – Boguszów (110 kV) 14 034 323 875

2.3. Nachod – Kudowa (110 kV) 91 0

2.4. Darkow – Pogwizdów (110 kV) 0 400 452

2.5. Neueibau – Turów (110 kV) 0 0

2.6. Starno – Słupsk (DC 450 kV) 2 672 865 129 228

2.7. Roś – Białystok (220 kV) 0 0

2.8. Dobrotwór – Zamość (220 kV) 1 005 419 0

2.9. Brześć – Wólka Dobryńska (110 kV) 0 0

3. Razem 9 802 995 12 644 188


Table 9. Annual report on the operation of the Public Power System and the Balancing Market - import (Source: www.pse.pl)

Sg. Specification

January February March April May June July August September October Novmber December

Import

energy

Import

energy

Import

energy

Import

energy

Import

energy

Import

energy

Import

energy

Import

energy

Import

energy

Import

energy

Import

energy

Import

energy

1.

Exchange with

UCTE 627 108 683 793

512

978

289

430

400

907

349

898 636 204 699 208 389 292 582 548 396 179 556 196

1.1

Exchange

parallel 626 347 683 723

512

212

287

903

392

232

349

147 634 940 698 996 389 194 582 548 396 176 556 196

1.2

Exchange

nonparallel 761 70 765 1 527 8 675 751 1 264 211 98 0 4 1

2. Other exchange 226 920 187 237

452

258

348

397

373

143

192

432 380 316 332 919 330 558 350 479 321 699 181 928

2.1

DC transition

with Sweden 0 0

291

990

232

784

249

152

186

665 259 069 212 831 220 762 257 475 234 371 113 611

2.2

Transition with

Ukraine 0 0

160

269

115

613

123

991 5 767 121 247 120 088 109 796 93 004 87 329 68 317

3. Total 854 028 871 030

965

236

637

828

774

050

542

330 1 016 520 1 032 126 719 849 933 027 717 879 738 124


Table 10. Annual report on the operation of the Public Power System and the Balancing Market - export (Source: www.pse.pl)

Sg. Specification January February March April May June July August September October Novmber December


Export

energy

Export

energy

Export

energy

Export

energy

Export

energy

Export

energy

Export

energy

Export

energy

Export

energy

Export

energy

Export

energy

Export

energy

1.

Exchange with

UCTE 1 283 743

1 433

005

1 094

223 952 623 794 209 916 756

1 000

967

1 076

334 826 490 1 042 441 1 042 861 1 046 745

1.1

Exchange

parallel 1 165 351

1 317

346

1 012

314 896 519 738 462 862 179 939 737

1 012

005 759 067 947 411 931 554 929 409

1.2

Exchange

nonparallel 118 393 115 659 81 909 56 104 55 747 54 578 61 230 64 329 67 423 95 030 111 308 117 336

2. Other exchange 23 052 8 479 4 467 7 120 629 3 678 117 290 0 11 088 15 164 55 177

2.1

DC transition

with Sweden 0 0 4 467 7 120 629 3 678 117 290 0 11 088 15 164 55 177

2.2

Transition with

Ukraine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3. Total 1 306 795

1 441

484

1 098

690 959 743 794 838 920 435

1 001

084

1 076

625 826 490 1 053 529 1 058 026 1 101 922


Figure 1. Transfer of energy between Poland and Ukraine (Source: www.pse.pl)


Figure 2. Transfer of energy between Poland and Sweden (Source: www.pse.pl)

In the Mazovia region the percentage of the production of electricity and heat energy from

renewable sources is very small, therefore there is no possibility of transferring energy surpluses to

adjacent regions. Energy is generated mainly in system power plants in Kozienice and Ostrołęka

located in the Mazovia region and is imported from neighbouring regions.

Summing up, the supply of the Mazowieckie province with electricity is performed mainly

based on classical system power plants located in the province and beyond it. Combined heat and

power plants and local power plants operating in the distribution networks of high voltage, 110 kV,

are of importance as well. The total electrical power from the energy sources existing in the Mazovia

region is insufficient in relation to the forecast needs of the province, and most of the generating

devices in the system power plants exceeded the age of 30 and should be replaced with modern,

highly efficient and low emission energy sources. In the Mazovia region the transmission networks of

the extra high voltage, 400 and 220 kV, and some of the superlocal 110 kV voltage distribution

networks do not guarantee the required capacity of energy transmission and reliability of operation,

they are also unevenly distributed.


An important power supply point of the power transmission system is an unclosed ring of the

extra high voltage lines around Warsaw. Lack of this connection results in the fact that the Warsaw

agglomeration is exposed to a risk of an extensive system failure.

In connection with that it should be pursued to establish a ring connection by the realisation

of 400 kV line system in the following relation: Miłosna – Siedlce – Ujrzanów – Kozienice – Ołtarzew.

A problem for the power system is also an unsatisfactory technical condition of distribution systems

(in particular in rural areas) and lack of a high voltage network in some parts of the province, where

the supply with energy is performed using long, overloaded and unreliable medium voltage lines.

In order to prevent a risk of energy deficiency and growth in the number of failures (expected

already in the perspective of coming years) and reduction in the nuisance for the environment,

transmission and distribution systems of electricity require undertaking numerous investment

actions within their extension and modernisation. A wider use of RES will allow to enhance the local

supply with energy through its production closer to the end user and reduce losses caused by a bad

condition of energy grids. 17

17 Mazowieckie Province Development Strategy till 2030


6. List of figures

Pictures:

PICTURE 1. INTERNATIONAL POWER CONNECTIONS PF POLAND (SOURCE: CIRE.PL) .................................................................... 4

PICTURE 2. OVERVIEW OF THE LOCALISATION OF THE INVESTMENT IN THE PROJECT "POLAND-LITHUANIA POWER CONNECTION"

(SOURCE: PSE.PL) ................................................................................................................................................ 7

PICTURE 3. MAP OF THE POLISH TRANSMISSION GRID (SOURCE: POLISH POWER NETWORK: "DEVELOPMENT PLAN WITHIN

SATISFACTION OF THE PRESENT AND FUTURE DEMAND FOR ELECTRICITY DURING 2010 – 2025") ........................................ 8

PICTURE 4. THE MAP OF THE LARGEST POLISH OPERATORS OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS INCLUDING AREAS OF OPERATIONS (SOURCE:

RYNEK-ENERGII-ELEKTRYCZNEJ.CIRE.PL) .................................................................................................................. 10

PICTURE 5. THE CURRENT SCHEMA OF THE PUBLIC POWER SYSTEM IS PRESENTED GRAPHICALLY (TRANSMISSION GRID) WITH AVAILABLE

CONNECTION CAPACITIES - ACCORDING TO THE STATE FOR 2012 (SOURCE: PSE S.A., INFORMATION ON THE AVAILABILITY OF

THE CONNECTION CAPACITY TO THE TRANSMISSION SYSTEM (AS OF 31.07.2012) .......................................................... 11

PICTURE 6. INVESTMENTS PLANNED BY RWE OPERATOR FOR STRATEGY OF DEVELOPMENT UNTIL 2020 ..................................... 13

PICTURE 7. DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF THE TRANSMISSION NETWORK LOOKING FORWARD TO 2025 (SOURCE: “PLANNING OF THE POLISH

TRANSMISSION NETWORK DEVELOPMENT IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE YEAR 2025”) ....................................................... 15

PICTURE 8. DEVELOPMENT OF KSP IN MAZOWIECKIE VOIVODESHIP (SOURCE: PROGRAM OF DEVELOPMENT OF KSP PSE OPERATOR)

...................................................................................................................................................................... 17

PICTURE 9. PLANNED GRID EXTENSION (SOURCE: "PLANNING OF THE POLISH TRANSMISSION NETWORK DEVELOPMENT IN THE

PERSPECTIVE OF THE YEAR 2025") ........................................................................................................................ 19

PICTURE 10. SHARE OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN 2010 AND FORECAST FOR 2020 (SOURCE:

"NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY ACTION PLAN", PIGEO) ....................................................................................... 21

Tables:

TABLE 1. INTERNATIONAL POWER CONNECTIONS OF POLAND (SOURCE: CIRE.PL) ...................................................................... 4

TABLE 2. ANTICIPATED GROWTH IN DEMAND FOR POWER AND ELECTRICITY IN POLAND (SOURCE: PLANNING OF THE POLISH

TRANSMISSION NETWORK DEVELOPMENT IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE YEAR 2025") ....................................................... 17

TABLE 3. VALUES OF POTENTIALLY AVAILABLE CONNECTION CAPACITY (SOURCE: PSE OPERATOR SA, INFORMATION ABOUT AVAILABLE

POWERS ADDITIONAL TO TRANSMISSION NET (ON 31.07.2012.)) .............................................................................. 19

TABLE 4. ELECTRICITY PRODUCED FORM RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN POLAND (SOURCE: '''ERO", 30.09.2012) ................... 21

TABLE 5. SECTORAL SUM OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY FOR MAZOWSZE AND POLAND IN 2011 (SOURCE: OWN ELABORATION) .............. 22

TABLE 6. INSTALLED ELECTRIC POWER IN MAZOVIA REGION (2011) .................................................................................... 23

TABLE 7. INSTALLED HEAT POWER IN MAZOVIA REGION (2011) ......................................................................................... 23

TABLE 8. ENERGY TRANSFER IN POLAND WITH THE ABROAD IN 2012 - PHYSICAL FLOWS [MWH] (SOURCE: KSE (PUBLIC POWER

SYSTEM 2012 REPORT) ...................................................................................................................................... 24

TABLE 9. ANNUAL REPORT ON THE OPERATION OF THE PUBLIC POWER SYSTEM AND THE BALANCING MARKET - IMPORT (SOURCE:

WWW.PSE.PL) .................................................................................................................................................. 25

TABLE 10. ANNUAL REPORT ON THE OPERATION OF THE PUBLIC POWER SYSTEM AND THE BALANCING MARKET - EXPORT (SOURCE:

WWW.PSE.PL) .................................................................................................................................................. 26

Figures:

FIGURE 1. TRANSFER OF ENERGY BETWEEN POLAND AND UKRAINE (SOURCE: WWW.PSE.PL) .................................................... 28

FIGURE 2. TRANSFER OF ENERGY BETWEEN POLAND AND SWEDEN (SOURCE: WWW.PSE.PL) .................................................... 29

Diagrams:Diagram 1. Electricity generation structure in Poland by source (Source: Poland Energy Report, Enerdata, July

2012.) 20


Documents

Energy Transfer Potential Assessment