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Energy—The ability to cause change.
Nutrition & Energy Flow
Ultimate source of all energy is from the sun.Autotrophs
A.K.A--ProducersUses light energy to make foodExamples: trees, plants, grass, green algae
Heterotrophs A.K.A—ConsumersCan’t produce own food Obtain nutrients by eating other organisms
Decomposers— obtain energy from breaking down dead organisms.
Obtaining Energy
HerbivoreFeeds only on plants
CarnivoresFeeds on other heterotrophs
ScavengersFeed on animals that are already dead
OmnivoresFeed on both plants and animals
DecomposersBreak down complex substances of dead
organisms
Types of Heterotrophs
Simple model that shows how matter/energy moves through an ecosystem.
Moves from autotrophs to heterotrophs to decomposers
Amount of energy in the final transfer is only a portion of the starting amount
A portion of energy is given off as heat at each transfer
Berries Mice Black Bear
Food Chains
Energy given off as heat
Energy given off as heat
Arrow Points To Where The Energy Is Going
More complex than a food chainShow multiple food chainsShows all possible feeding relationships
Food Web
A feeding step
Trophic Levels
Autotroph Grass
1st Order Heterotroph
Rabbits
2st Order Heterotroph
Wolves
3rd Order Heterotroph
Lions
Producers
Herbivore
Carnivore
Carnivore
Quaternary Consumer
Top CarnivoreTertiary/Third-order
Consumers
Secondary/second- order consumers
Primary/first order consumers
Producers
Color the arrows from each of the following to the next level:
Producers – green
Primary – yellow
Secondary – red
Tertiary- blue
Quaternary- orange
Decomposers - brown
Biomass Trophic Levels• Can Show Biomass (total weight of living matter) at each level.
• It also show the amount that the level above it needs to consume to meet its needs.
Energy Pyramid
• Each level decreases by 10%
10% rule!
• The energy is lost in the form of heat at each level.
