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ENFORCE LAWS
Executive Branch
The President’s Roles
Chief of State-ceremonial head of stateChief ExecutiveChief Administrator of Federal GovtChief Diplomat-foreign policyCommander in ChiefChief Legislator-sets shape of public policyChief of Party-leader of his political partyChief Citizen-representative of the people
Job Description
Qualifications Natural-born Citizen 35 years old Resident of the US for 14 years
Term Four year term with two-term limit*
Pay and Benefits $400,000 w/ $50,000 expenses, $19,000
entertainment Can not receive any other pay Fringe Benefits-White House, Plane, Car, Camp David,
etc $145,000 lifetime pension
Presidential Succession and VP
Succession-Presidential Succession Act of 1947 The plan by which a presidential vacancy is filled Dies, resigns, removed VP, Speaker, President pro temp, Sec. of State
Presidential Disability Temporary disability-either informed by Pres. or
Cabinet/VP Inform Congress to resume
Vice Presidency-President in waiting Preside over Senate Help decide question of presidential disability
Importance of the Office Ready to take Presidency at any moment If vacated, Pres nominate & Congress confirm
Changing View of Presidential Power
Power has Grown One person instead of many People look to President in times of emergency
War-WWI, WWII, Vietnam, etc Financial Crises-Great Depression, current status
Congress delegating authority to Pres. Attention-press, their party, & the public
How Presidents Viewed Their Power Broader views of powers-strong & effective Narrower views of powers-only do what is allowed
President’s Powers
Executing the Law Carries out nations laws-even if they disagree
Ordinance Power Executive branch under authority of Pres Executive orders-these have force of law
Appointing Power Cabinet, judges, ambassadors, etc-confirmed by
SenateRemoval Power
Appointees Exceptions-federal judges, independent agencies
Diplomatic and Military Powers
Power to Make Treaties Must be approved by Senate by 2/3
Executive Agreements-pact b/n Pres & for. official Most international agreements Do not require Senate approval
Power of Recognition Acknowledge the legal existence of a country Can determine a new governments future-Panama &
Israel Recall ambassadors-persona non grata
President’s Dominant Role in Military Affairs
Few limits to role of commander in chiefUse of military w/out declaration of war
Over 200 times-Vietnam & KoreaMay use military to keep domestic peaceWartime Powers-much greaterWar Powers Resolution-1973
Inform Congress of troop use abroad w/in 48 hours Congressional approval if commitment lasts 60 days Congress may end combat at any time Constitutionality disputed
Selective Service: All young males are required to sign up for the draft after they turn 18
Legislative Powers
State of the Union, Budget, Economic ReportRecommends legislationVeto Power
Outright veto-overturned by 2/3 vote in each house Pocket veto-not signed & Congress adjourns w/in 10
days Line-item veto-no longer allowed
Call special sessions of CongressMay adjourn Congress if two houses can’t
agree
Judicial Powers
Grant reprieves and pardons-federal offenses Reprieve-postponement of execution of sentence Pardon-legal forgiveness of a crime
Must be accepted by the person Any case except impeachment
Commute sentences or finesGrant amnesty
Pardon offered to group of law violatorsAppoints federal judges
Checks & Balances
oChecks on the Legislative Branch• Veto Bills• Can use public opinion to push legislation
oChecks on the Judicial Branch• Can grant pardons, amnesty, and
commute (shorten) sentences except for impeachment
Executive Office of the President
White House Office chief of staff, press sec, senior advisors, etc
National Security Council VP, Sec of State & Def, CIA, Joint Chiefs of Staff
Office of Management and Budget Prepares annual federal budget Plan to conduct govt and execute public policy
Office of National Drug Control Policy Prepares annual drug control policy-uses 50 agencies
Council of Economic Advisers Top three economists appointed by Pres
Other Units in Executive Office
Office of Policy Development-domestic policyNational Space CouncilCouncil on Environmental QualityOffice of US Trade RepresentativeNational Critical Materials CouncilOffice of Science and Technology PolicyOffice of Administration
Cabinet
Product of customAppointed by Pres.Confirmed by SenateMostly men, few women or minoritiesRole
Administrators of an executive department Advisers to President
Bureaucracy
Bureaucracy Millions of employees administering public policy
Examples: deliver mail, regulate nuclear power plants, control epidemics, park rangers, write Social Security checks, census takers, astronauts, Peace Corps volunteers, regulate banks, etc.
Departments Secretary = head of the department
Civil Service o Competitive exam given to hire employees based on
merito Prevents favors and nepotism Veterans get moved to top of the list Prevents dismissal for political reasons
Bureacracy
International Affairs
Ambassadors & Diplomats Representatives of the US stationed at the capital of
each countryForeign Policy
The actions taken in relation to other countriesForeign Aid
Economic & military aid given to other countries United Nations
Organization of countries to maintain international peace and justice
Deterrence Policy of military strength to prevent attacks